RESUMEN

In recent years, mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been widely applied in competition sports with respect to athletic performance and mental health promotion, whereas evidence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has not been well summarized. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the existing evidence on the effects of MBIs on improving athletic performance, mindfulness level, mindfulness-related psychological components (e.g., acceptance, self-compassion, flow), and mental health (e.g., burnout, stress, psychological well-being) among athletes. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a literature search was implemented on five electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect) and relevant review papers. The article selection, risk of bias assessment, and data extraction were performed by two investigators independently. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated to evaluate the effects of interventions using the random effect model. Among the 1897 original hits, thirty-two eligible RCT studies were included in the systematic review, of which seven were involved in the meta-analysis. The results showed that MBIs were effective in promoting athletes' athletic performances (by narrative synthesis), mindfulness-level (n = 3; SMD = 0.50, 95% CI = [0.17, 0.83]; I2 = 45%, p = 0.16), and mindfulness-related psychological components (n = 5; SMD = 0.81, 95% CI = [0.53, 1.10], I2 = 77%, p =0.001), while no significant intervention effects were found on the mental health of athletes (n = 4; SMD = -0.03, 95% CI = [-0.35, 0.29], I2 = 89%, p < 0.001). Our findings preliminarily support the potential effectiveness of MBIs, whereas more high-quality RCTs were needed in the future.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Physical ability test (PAT) evaluates firefighters' (FF) occupational capacity. The contribution of anaerobic systems during PAT and mental toughness (MT) relationship to PAT is unexplored. PAT modeling based on anaerobic fitness (AF), MT, and respective relationships were examined. Fourteen male FFs (Age: 29.0 ± 7.0 years) completed a PAT composed of occupationally-specific tasks in full gear. On a separate day, a series of AF assessments were performed (handgrip-dynamometry: HG; vertical-jump: VJ; Margaria-Kalamen: MK; 300-yard shuttle run: 300YD). MT was evaluated using military training MT inventory (MTMTI) and sports MT questionnaire (SMTQ). We tested the PAT model using multiple backward regression and related correlations coefficients at p < 0.05. A 78% proportion of PAT was explained by AF parameters (F2,13 = 20.2, <0.05). PAT was significantly correlated with HG (r = -0.71, p < 0.01), VJ (r = -0.73, p < 0.01), MK (r = -0.75, p < 0.01), and with 300YD (r = 0.60, p < 0.05). MT did not demonstrate significant correlation with PAT (p > 0.01). Anaerobic system significantly contributes to PAT performance. FFs should optimize AF training, which would allow for enhanced occupational performance in PAT. Further investigation into psychological determinants of FFs is recommended.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

La incorporación a la vida laboral no se considera el fin de la formación, sino un proceso de completamiento y desarrollo de las habilidades adquiridas para enfrentar la nueva etapa laboral. El conocimiento de los resultados del aprendizaje en los años de estudios es la base para el diseño de este plan de desarrollo en su primera etapa. La formación laboral es la segunda etapa de la formación y, sin dudas, la más importante de todo el proceso; su finalidad es que las diferentes figuras se apropien de los elementos educativos y técnicos básicos que requieren para poder iniciar su labor específica de manera eficiente. El movimiento físico como actividad del hombre en su desarrollo evolucionó con el paso de las civilizaciones, lo que permite a los profesores de Educación Física tomar conciencia de la necesidad de estudiar los componentes sociales que regulan la actividad física y actuar en concordancia con las características de los individuos que trabajan en los diferentes niveles o grupos etarios. De ahí que el objetivo de esta investigación va dirigido a proponer acciones para el fortalecimiento de la formación laboral de los profesores noveles de Educación Física del municipio Boyeros. Se utilizaron diferentes métodos teóricos: inductivo-deductivo, análisis de fuentes documentales y empíricos: la observación, entrevista, triangulación metodológica y técnicas psicológicas para la implementación de acciones para eliminar la diferencia entre la situación actual y la deseada.

A entrada na atividade profissional não é vista como o fim do treinamento, mas como um processo de conclusão e desenvolvimento das competências desenvolvidas para enfrentar a nova etapa de trabalho. O conhecimento dos resultados do processo de aprendizado durante os anos de estudo é a base para a concepção deste plano de desenvolvimento em sua primeira etapa. A formação profissional é a segunda etapa do treinamento e sem dúvida, a mais importante de todo o percurso; seu objetivo é que as diferentes personalidades se apropriem dos elementos educacionais e técnicos básicos necessários para poder iniciar eficientemente seu trabalho específico. O movimento físico como atividade humana em seu desenvolvimento evoluiu com o passar das civíses, o que permite aos professores de Educação Física tomar consciência da necessidade de estudar os componentes sociais que regulam a atividade física e atuarem de acordo com as características dos indivíduos que trabalham em diferentes níveis ou faixas etárias. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é propor ações para consolidar a formação em serviço de professores iniciantes em Educação Física no município de Boyeros. Diferentes métodos teóricos foram utilizados: indutivo-dedutivo, análise de fontes documentais e métodos empíricos: observação, entrevista, triangulação metodológica e técnicas psicológicas para a implementação de ações para eliminar a lacuna entre a situação atual e a desejada.

The incorporation to working life is not considered the end of the training, but a process of completion and development of the acquired skills to face the new working stage. Knowledge of the results of learning during the years of study is the basis for the design of this development plan in its first stage. Job training is the second stage of training and, undoubtedly, the most important of the whole process; its purpose is that the different figures appropriate the basic educational and technical elements they require to be able to start their specific work efficiently. Physical movement as an activity of man in his development evolved with the passing of civilizations, which allows Physical Education teachers to become aware of the need to study the social components that regulate physical activity and act in accordance with the characteristics of the individuals working at different levels or age groups. Hence, the objective of this research is aimed at proposing actions for the strengthening of the labor training of novice Physical Education teachers in the Boyeros municipality. Different theoretical methods were used like, inductive-deductive and analysis of documentary, as well as empirical methods, as observation, interview, methodological triangulation and psychological techniques for the implementation of actions to eliminate the difference between the current situation and the desired one.