RESUMEN

Objetivo. Analizar el concepto y conocer las características del cuidador informal. Material y Métodos. El presente estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo y de corte transversal, con la población que demanda asistencia sanitaria del Hospital de Psiquiatría "Dr. José María Alvarado", dependiente de la Caja Nacional de Salud, en la ciudad de La Paz, Bolivia. Se utilizó la entrevista de carga familiar objetiva y subjetiva (ECFOS). El ECFOS se ha desarrollado tomando como base "The Family Burden Interview Schedule-Short Form" (FBIS/SF). Resultados. En general podemos decir que el perfil del cuidador es el de una mujer (84,2%), de alrededor de 60 años. Normalmente madre del paciente (72,5 %), que no trabaja, pasa con el enfermo más de 4 horas al día (75%), afirma mantener una buena relación con el paciente y que no piensa que el enfermo sea una Carga Negativa ni para ella ni para su familia. Conclusiones. Se debe realizar intervenciones con los familiares de los pacientes esquizofrénicos. Se debe incorporar los programas de psicoeducación familiar debido que han demostrado su utilidad para prevenir recaídas y reducir la tensión familiar.

Objective. To analyze the concept and to know the characteristics of the informal caregiver. Material and Methods. The present study of quantitative, descriptive type and of cross section, with the population that demands medical assistance of the Hospital of Psychiatry "Dr. Jose Maria Alvarado", employee of Caja Nacional de Salud, from La Paz, Bolivia. The interview of objective and subjective familiar load was used (ECFOS). The ECFOS has been developed based on "The Family Burden Interview Schedule-Short Form" (FBIS/SF). Results. In general the profile of the caregiver is that of a woman (84.2%), of around 60 years of age. Normally mother of the patient (72.5%), who does not work, spends more than 4 hours a day with the patient (75%), claims to maintain a good relation with the patient and who does not think that the patient is a Negative load neither for her nor for her family. Conclusions. Interventions with the relatives of the schizophrenic patients should be effected. The programs of familiar psycho education should be incorporated, since they have proven efficient to prevent relapses and to reduce the familiar tensión.

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RESUMEN

O presente artigo traz reflexões sobre o valor do uso de histórias e da produção artística no trabalho psicopedagógico. Relata, de forma sintética, fragmentos de um atendimento psicopedagógico realizado durante um ano e meio com uma menina de 12 anos com dificuldades de leitura e escrita e baixa autoestima. Com base em considerações teóricas sobre os contos de fadas e sobre os estilos cognitivo-afetivos propostos por Eloisa Fagali, foram analisadas diferentes atividades, contos de fadas e outras narrativas e a simbologia presente em alguns contos que foram selecionados da experiência clínica psicopedagógica que apresento no artigo.(AU)

This article brings reflections about the value of using stories and artistic production in work of Psycho Education. Reports, synthetically, fragments of a care Psycho Education held during a year and a half with a 12 year old girl with difficulty reading and writing and low self-esteem. Based on theoretical considerations about fairy tales and about the styles proposed by cognitive-affective Eloisa Fagali, different activities were analyzed, fairy tales and other narratives and symbology present in some tales that were selected from the Psycho Education clinical experience that present in the article.(AU)