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Few studies have explored the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on the heat vulnerability of mental health (MH) patients. As individual socioeconomic data was unavailable, we aimed to fill this gap by using the healthcare system type as a proxy for SES. Brazilian national statistics indicate that public patients have lower SES than private. Therefore, we compared the risk of emergency department visits (EDVs) for MH between patients from both healthcare types. EDVs for MH disorders from all nine public (101,452 visits) and one large private facility (154,954) in Curitiba were assessed (2017-2021). Daily mean temperature was gathered and weighed from 3 stations. Distributed-lag non-linear model with quasi-Poisson (maximum 10-lags) was used to assess the risk. We stratified by private and public, age, and gender under moderate and extreme heat. Additionally, we calculated the attributable fraction (AF), which translates individual risks into population-representative burdens - especially useful for public policies. Random-effects meta-regression pooled the risk estimates between healthcare systems. Public patients showed significant risks immediately as temperatures started to increase. Their cumulative relative risk (RR) of MH-EDV was 7.5 % higher than the private patients (Q-Test 26.2 %) under moderate heat, suggesting their particular heat vulnerability. Differently, private patients showed significant risks only under extreme heat, when their RR became 4.3 % higher than public (Q-Test 6.2 %). These findings suggest that private patients have a relatively greater adaptation capacity to heat. However, when faced with extreme heat, their current adaptation means were potentially insufficient, so they needed and could access healthcare freely, unlike their public counterparts. MH patients would benefit from measures to reduce heat vulnerability and access barriers, increasing equity between the healthcare systems in Brazil. AF of EDVs due to extreme heat was 0.33 % (95%CI 0.16;0.50) for the total sample (859 EDVs). This corroborates that such broad population-level policies are urgently needed as climate change progresses.
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Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Calor , Brasil , Humanos , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Salud Mental , Adulto , Factores Socioeconómicos , Femenino , Adolescente , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Niño , AncianoRESUMEN
Psychiatric disorders have a great impact in terms of mortality, morbidity, and disability across the lifespan. Considerable effort has been devoted to understanding their complex and heterogeneous genetic architecture, including diverse ancestry populations. Our aim was to review the psychiatric genetics research published with Latin American populations from 2010 to 2019, and classify it according to country of origin, type of analysis, source of funding, and other variables. We found that most publications came from Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia. Also, local funds are generally not large enough for genome-wide studies in Latin America, with the exception of Brazil and Mexico; larger studies are often done in collaboration with international partners, mostly funded by US agencies. In most of the larger studies, the participants are individuals of Latin American ancestry living in the United States, which limits the potential for exploring the complex gene-environment interaction. Family studies, traditionally strong in Latin America, represent about 30% of the total research publications. Scarce local resources for research in Latin America have probably been an important limitation for conducting bigger and more complex studies, contributing to the reduced representation of these populations in global psychiatric genetics studies. Increasing diversity must be a goal to improve generalizability and applicability in clinical settings.
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Hispánicos o Latinos , Trastornos Mentales , Humanos , América Latina , Trastornos Mentales/genética , México , Proyectos de InvestigaciónRESUMEN
Tobacco misuse as a comorbidity of schizophrenia is frequently established during adolescence. However, comorbidity markers are still missing. Here, the method of label-free proteomics was used to identify deregulated proteins in the medial prefrontal cortex (prelimbic and infralimbic) of male and female mice modelled to schizophrenia with a history of nicotine exposure during adolescence. Phencyclidine (PCP), used to model schizophrenia (SCHZ), was combined with an established model of nicotine minipump infusions (NIC). The combined insults led to worse outcomes than each insult separately when considering the absolute number of deregulated proteins and that of exclusively deregulated ones. Partially shared Reactome pathways between sexes and between PCP, NIC and PCPNIC groups indicate functional overlaps. Distinctively, proteins differentially expressed exclusively in PCPNIC mice reveal unique effects associated with the comorbidity model. Interactome maps of these proteins identified sex-selective subnetworks, within which some proteins stood out: for females, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (Fkbp1a) and heat shock 70 kDa protein 1B (Hspa1b), both components of the oxidative stress subnetwork, and gamma-enolase (Eno2), a component of the energy metabolism subnetwork; and for males, amphiphysin (Amph), a component of the synaptic transmission subnetwork. These are proposed to be further investigated and validated as markers of the combined insult during adolescence.
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Fenciclidina , Esquizofrenia , Ratones , Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Fenciclidina/metabolismo , Esquizofrenia/metabolismo , Nicotina/farmacología , Corteza Prefrontal/metabolismo , Transmisión Sináptica , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
Recent evidence has suggested that changes in maternal gut microbiota in early life may generate neurobiological consequences associated with psychiatric-related abnormalities. However, the number of studies on humans investigating this problem is limited, and preclinical findings sometimes conflict. Therefore, we run a meta-analysis to examine whether maternal microbiota disturbance (MMD) during neurodevelopment might affect the offspring during adulthood. We found thirteen studies, from a set of 459 records selected by strategy registered on PROSPERO (#289224), to target preclinical studies that evaluated the behavioral outcomes of the rodents generated by dams submitted to perinatal enteric microbiota perturbation. The analysis revealed a significant effect size (SMD = -0.51, 95% CI = -0.79 to -0.22, p < .001, T2 = 0.54, I2 = 79.85%), indicating that MMD might provoke behavioral impairments in the adult offspring. The MMD also induces a significant effect size for the reduction of the sociability behavior (SMD = -0.63, 95% CI = -1.18 to -0.07, p = 0.011, T2 = 0.30, I2 = 76.11%) and obsessive-compulsive-like behavior (SMD = -0.68, 95% CI = -0.01 to -1.36, p = 0.009, T2 = 0.25, I2 = 62.82%) parameters. The effect size was not significant or inconclusive for memory and anxiety-like behavior, or inconclusive for schizophrenia-like and depressive-like behavior. Therefore, experimental perinatal MMD is vertically transmitted to the offspring, negatively impacting behavioral parameters related to psychiatric disorders.
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Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Trastornos Mentales , Microbiota , Femenino , Adulto , Embarazo , Humanos , AnsiedadRESUMEN
RATIONALE: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most diagnosed mental disorders. Despite this, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. In this context, basic research aims to unravel the pathophysiological mechanisms of MDD as well as investigate new targets and substances with therapeutic potential. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a transmembrane channel considered a sensor for inflammation and oxidative stress. Importantly, both inflammation and oxidative stress have been suggested as participants in the pathophysiology of MDD. However, the potential participation of TRPA1 in depressive disorder remains poorly investigated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the involvement of the TRPA1 channel in the behavioral changes induced by chronic corticosterone administration (CCA) in male mice. METHODS: Swiss male mice were exposed to 21 days of CCA protocol and then treated with HC-030031 or A-967079, TRPA1 antagonists. Behavioral tests, analyzes of oxidative parameters and TRPA1 immunocontent were performed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP). RESULTS: CCA induced despair-like behavior in mice accompanied by an increase in the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a TRPA1 agonist, which was reversed by TRPA1 antagonists and ketamine (positive control). In addition, CCA protocol reduced the immunocontent of this channel in the HIP and showed a tendency to increase the TRPA1 protein expression in the PFC. CONCLUSION: Our work suggests that TRPA1 channel appears crucial to mediate the behavioral impairment induced by CCA in male Swiss mice.
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Corticosterona , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Masculino , Animales , Ratones , Canal Catiónico TRPA1/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , InflamaciónRESUMEN
Neuropsychiatric disorders associated with coronavirus infections emerged with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We describe the clinical, laboratory and radiological features of a patient who presented, after recent COVID-19, two rare neuropsychiatric manifestations: a brief psychotic break followed by severe bilateral peripheral facial palsy.
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Introducción: El cuidador es un individuo que tiene la responsabilidad de satisfacer las necesidades físicas y psicológicas del paciente. El término "sobrecarga del cuidador" se utiliza para describir el costo físico, emocional y financiero de proporcionar dicha atención. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los niveles de sobrecarga en cuidadores de pacientes con trastornos mentales en la sala de corta estancia del Hospital Psiquiátrico. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, de corte trasversal, donde se aplicó la Escala de Zarit de Sobrecarga del cuidador en cuidadores de pacientes que acuden a la sala de corta estancia del Hospital Psiquiátrico, Asunción, Paraguay, en total 79 participantes. Resultados: El 74,7% de los cuidadores son mujeres y las edades están comprendidas entre los 21 y 85 años. Sobre la situación de convivencia del cuidador se obtiene que el 39,2% está casado y el 25,3% está soltero. El 43% tiene estudios primarios y el 40,5% realiza tareas domésticas. Sobre la frecuencia de cuidado a los familiares los cuidadores refieren que 79,7% lo realizan permanentemente, el 12,7% algunas horas al día, el 6,3% algunas horas a la semana, y el 1,3% algunos días al mes. Teniendo en cuenta la Escala de Zarit y la clasificación por niveles de sobrecarga se obtiene que el 65,8% no tiene sobrecarga, el 15,2% tiene sobrecarga leve y el 19% tiene sobrecarga intensa. Conclusión: La sobrecarga intensa fue del 19% por lo que es fundamental que los Servicios de Psiquiatría del país puedan ofrecer atención psiquiátrica y psicológica a los familiares y cuidadores de pacientes con diagnóstico de algún trastorno mental.
Introduction: The caregiver is an individual who has the responsibility to meet the physical and psychological needs of the patient. The term "caregiver burden" is used to describe the physical, emotional, and financial cost of providing such care. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the levels of overload in caregivers of patients with mental disorders in the short-stay ward of the Psychiatric Hospital. Materials and methods: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, where the Zarit Scale of Caregiver Overload was applied to caregivers of patients who attend the short-stay ward of the Psychiatric Hospital, Asunción, Paraguay, with a total of 79 participants. Results: 74.7% of the caregivers are women and the ages are between 21 and 85 years. Regarding the situation of coexistence of the caregiver, it is obtained that 39.2% are married and 25.3% are single. 43% have primary studies and 40.5% do housework. Regarding the frequency of caring for family members, caregivers report that 79.7% do it permanently, 12.7% a few hours a day, 6.3% a few hours a week, and 1.3% a few days a week. month. Taking into account the Zarit Scale and the classification by levels of overload, it is obtained that 65.8% have no overload, 15.2% have mild overload and 19% have intense overload. Conclusion: The intense overload was 19%, so it is essential that the Psychiatric Services of the country can offer psychiatric and psychological care to relatives and caregivers of patients diagnosed with a mental disorder.
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Trastornos Mentales , Cuidadores , Carga del Cuidador , Hospitales PsiquiátricosRESUMEN
The introduction of foreign bodies in the urethra are uncommon. Given its rarity, the approach to this condition is not standardized but it is highlighted that minimally invasive procedures should be prioritized depending on its feasibility. In the present study, we report a case of a 60-year-old male patient with bipolar disorder and a foreign body impacted in the bulbar urethra with open surgical resolution after a failed endoscopic treatment. We perform an analysis into the diagnostic and therapeutic methods used, with postoperative results.
La introducción de cuerpos extraños uretrales es poco frecuente, razón por la cual, la mayoría de las publicaciones disponibles en la literatura son reportes de casos aislados o pequeñas series con gran heterogeneidad. Existen distintas aproximaciones frente a esta afección, desde métodos menos invasivos hasta cirugías abiertas más complejas. Presentamos un caso de cuerpo extraño impactado en uretra bulbar con el objetivo de analizar métodos diagnósticos empleados y aproximaciones terapéuticas concluyendo en la resolución quirúrgica convencional. Se evaluaron resultados postoperatorios.
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Cuerpos Extraños , Estrechez Uretral , Cuerpos Extraños/diagnóstico por imagen , Cuerpos Extraños/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Uretra/cirugía , Estrechez Uretral/diagnóstico , Estrechez Uretral/cirugíaRESUMEN
Background/Objectives: Individuals with disabilities (IWD) have a higher risk of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) either in childhood or adulthood, increasing the risk of suicide attempts, mental disorders, and substance use disorder. The aim of this study was to explore the association between substance use, psychiatric symptoms and suicidal behavior with PTEs. A Multisite cross-sectional study was conducted. Materials and methods: The sample includes 1,098 participants with any type of disability (motor, intellectual, visual, and mixed) located in Mexico City. Traumatic events, violence, discrimination, addictive disorders, and psychiatric disorders were examined. Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted. Data was collected between September-October 2014. Results: People with motor or visual disability have a higher prevalence in nicotine use disorder (NUD), generalize anxiety disorder (GAD), mayor depression disorder (MDD), want to be dead, and lifetime suicide attempts. Intellectual disability group only presents GAD and MDD. All disability groups have a high prevalence of PTEs. Verbal violence in childhood, sexual abuse, discrimination and serious accidents had a strong impact in the development of NUD, psychiatric symptoms and suicidal behavior. Conclusion: These findings show the relevance of develop specific tools for detection, referral and treatment, in order to improve the mental health of people with disabilities.
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Abstract The introduction of foreign bodies in the urethra are uncommon. Given its rarity, the approach to this condition is not standardized but it is highlighted that minimally invasive procedures should be prioritized depending on its feasibility. In the present study, we report a case of a 60-year-old male patient with bipolar disorder and a foreign body impacted in the bulbar urethra with open surgical resolution after a failed endoscopic treatment. We perform an analysis into the diagnostic and therapeutic methods used, with postopera tive results.
Resumen La introducción de cuerpos extraños uretrales es poco frecuente, razón por la cual, la mayoría de las publicaciones disponibles en la literatura son reportes de casos aislados o pequeñas series con gran heteroge neidad. Existen distintas aproximaciones frente a esta afección, desde métodos menos invasivos hasta cirugías abiertas más complejas. Presentamos un caso de cuerpo extraño impactado en uretra bulbar con el objetivo de analizar métodos diagnósticos empleados y aproximaciones terapéuticas concluyendo en la resolución quirúrgica convencional. Se evaluaron resultados postoperatorios.
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The Calmodulin Binding Transcription Activator 1 (CAMTA1) gene plays a central role in the human nervous system. Here evidence-based perspectives on its clinical value for the screening of CAMTA1 malfunction is provided and argued that in future, patients suffering from brain tumours and/or neurological disorders could benefit from this diagnostic. In neuroblastomas as well as in low-grade gliomas, the influence of reduced expression of CAMTA1 results in opposite prognosis, probably because of different carcinogenic pathways in which CAMTA1 plays different roles, but the exact genetics bases remains unsolved. Rearrangements, mutations and variants of CAMTA1 were associated with human neurodegenerative disorders, while some CAMTA1 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with poorer memory in clinical cases and also amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. So far, the follow-up of patients with neurological diseases with alterations in CAMTA1 indicates that defects (expression, mutations, and rearrangements) in CAMTA1 alone are not sufficient to drive carcinogenesis. It is necessary to continue studying CAMTA1 rearrangements and expression in more cases than done by now. To understand the influence of CAMTA1 variants and their role in nervous system tumours and in several psychiatric disorders is currently a challenge.
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Neuroblastoma , Transactivadores , Humanos , Transactivadores/genética , Transactivadores/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/genética , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/metabolismo , Calmodulina/metabolismo , Neuroblastoma/genética , Neuroblastoma/metabolismo , Neuroblastoma/patología , Sistema Nervioso/metabolismo , Sistema Nervioso/patologíaRESUMEN
Introduction Suicide is the second leading cause of premature death in people between 15 and 29 years old and the third in young people between 15 and 19 years old. Adolescence is a critical period concerning mental health disorders since there is greater vulnerability to suicidal behaviors. The situation in Latin America is worrying, with Chile being one of the two countries where suicide rates of children and adolescents increase yearly. This study aims to analyze clinical, psychological, family, and social risk factors associated with suicidal behavior in a clinical sample of adolescents treated in the public health system of the Maule region. Methods The study design is cross- sectional. We used a sample of 388 adolescents between 10 and 21 years old admitted to the health system of the Maule Region. The participants were evaluated by applying five measuring instruments (The Barrat Impulsivity Scale, The Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale, The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, The General Help-Seeking Questionnaire for mental health problems in adolescents, and The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale) in addition to collecting social and family information and relevant clinical history from the medical records. Results The analysis allowed us to identify distinctive characteristics of adolescent suicidal behavior by describing clinical, psychological, and family social factors. Conclusions Adolescents with a history of suicide attempts are characterized by having suicidal ideation, anxious-depressive symptoms, stress, insomnia, and impulsiveness. Likewise, they report being non-religious, belonging to sexual minorities, and victims of sexual harassment and/or abuse.
Introducción El suicidio es la segunda causa de muerte prematura en personas entre 15 y 29 años, y la tercera en jóvenes entre 15 y 19 años. La adolescencia es un periodo crítico, dado que existe mayor vulnerabilidad para conductas suicidas. La situación en América Latina es crítica, siendo Chile uno de los dos países donde las tasas de suicidio de niños y adolescentes aumentan año tras año. En este estudio se analizan factores de riesgo clínicos, psicológicos y sociofamiliares asociados con la conducta suicida, en una muestra clínica de adolescentes atendidos en el sistema de salud público de la región del Maule. Método El diseño del presente estudio es transversal. En él se utilizó una muestra de 388 adolescentes de 10 a 21 años ingresados al sistema de salud de la Región del Maule. Durante la recogida de información se aplicaron cinco instrumentos de medición (escalas de impulsividad de Barrat, de dificultades de regulación emocional, de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, cuestionario general de búsqueda de ayuda para problemas de salud mental en adolescentes y escala de clasificación de gravedad del suicidio de Columbia). Además se recabó información sociofamiliar y antecedentes relevantes desde las fichas clínicas. Resultados El análisis realizado permitió identificar características distintivas de la conducta suicida adolescente, mediante la descripción de factores clínicos, psicológicos y sociofamiliares evaluados. Conclusión Los adolescentes con historial de intentos de suicidio se caracterizan por presentar ideación suicida, sintomatología ansiosa- depresiva, estrés, insomnio e impulsividad. Asimismo, reportan no tener creencias religiosas, pertenecer a minorías sexuales y haber sido víctima de acoso y/o abuso sexual.
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Conducta del Adolescente , Trastornos Mentales , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Chile/epidemiología , Humanos , Factores de Riesgo , Ideación Suicida , Intento de Suicidio , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Introducción El suicidio es la segunda causa de muerte prematura en personas entre 15 y 29 años, y la tercera en jóvenes entre 15 y 19 años. La adolescencia es un periodo crítico, dado que existe mayor vulnerabilidad para conductas suicidas. La situación en América Latina es crítica, siendo Chile uno de los dos países donde las tasas de suicidio de niños y adolescentes aumentan año tras año. En este estudio se analizan factores de riesgo clínicos, psicológicos y sociofamiliares asociados con la conducta suicida, en una muestra clínica de adolescentes atendidos en el sistema de salud público de la región del Maule. Método El diseño del presente estudio es transversal. En él se utilizó una muestra de 388 adolescentes de 10 a 21 años ingresados al sistema de salud de la Región del Maule. Durante la recogida de información se aplicaron cinco instrumentos de medición (escalas de impulsividad de Barrat, de dificultades de regulación emocional, de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, cuestionario general de búsqueda de ayuda para problemas de salud mental en adolescentes y escala de clasificación de gravedad del suicidio de Columbia). Además se recabó información sociofamiliar y antecedentes relevantes desde las fichas clínicas. Resultados El análisis realizado permitió identificar características distintivas de la conducta suicida adolescente, mediante la descripción de factores clínicos, psicológicos y sociofamiliares evaluados. Conclusión Los adolescentes con historial de intentos de suicidio se caracterizan por presentar ideación suicida, sintomatología ansiosa- depresiva, estrés, insomnio e impulsividad. Asimismo, reportan no tener creencias religiosas, pertenecer a minorías sexuales y haber sido víctima de acoso y/o abuso sexual.
Introduction Suicide is the second leading cause of premature death in people between 15 and 29 years old and the third in young people between 15 and 19 years old. Adolescence is a critical period concerning mental health disorders since there is greater vulnerability to suicidal behaviors. The situation in Latin America is worrying, with Chile being one of the two countries where suicide rates of children and adolescents increase yearly. This study aims to analyze clinical, psychological, family, and social risk factors associated with suicidal behavior in a clinical sample of adolescents treated in the public health system of the Maule region. Methods The study design is cross- sectional. We used a sample of 388 adolescents between 10 and 21 years old admitted to the health system of the Maule Region. The participants were evaluated by applying five measuring instruments (The Barrat Impulsivity Scale, The Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale, The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, The General Help-Seeking Questionnaire for mental health problems in adolescents, and The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale) in addition to collecting social and family information and relevant clinical history from the medical records. Results The analysis allowed us to identify distinctive characteristics of adolescent suicidal behavior by describing clinical, psychological, and family social factors. Conclusions Adolescents with a history of suicide attempts are characterized by having suicidal ideation, anxious-depressive symptoms, stress, insomnia, and impulsiveness. Likewise, they report being non-religious, belonging to sexual minorities, and victims of sexual harassment and/or abuse.
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Humanos , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Conducta del Adolescente , Trastornos Mentales , Intento de Suicidio , Factores de Riesgo , Ideación SuicidaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has been particularly difficult for populations at risk for mental health problems, such as healthcare professionals and medical students. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the pandemic on mental health in a sample of Mexican medical students with and without a mental health diagnosis. METHOD: Longitudinal and descriptive study based on scales of suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms and risk of alcohol consumption, conducted in April and December 2020. RESULTS: Sample includes 247 medical students, 64.4% are women. Prevalence of depression increased between April and December from 19.84% to 40.08%. In the case of women from 23.67% to 42.60% (χ2 = 0.000) and in men from 11.54% to 34.62% (χ2 = 0.001). In April 16.92% of healthy students presented some sign of depression and in December the percentage increased to 40.80% (χ2 = 0.000). Regarding medicated students, the prevalence in April was 32.61% and in December it was 36.96% (χ2 = 0.662). In April, the medicated students with risk of suicidal ideation were 17 out of 46 (36.96%), compared to the students without a diagnosis of psychiatric illness were 29 out of 201 (13.43%) (χ2 = 0.000). For December, the non-medicated students at risk of suicidal ideation were 34 out of 201 (16.91%), and the medicated students were 12 out of 46 (26.09%) (χ2 = 0.149). CONCLUSIONS: The pandemic has increase the rate of depression in medical students, being more severe in women. Students under psychiatric treatment showed a higher prevalence of depression; however, the fact of being under treatment resulted in a protective factor for the increase in the prevalence of depression. It is important to deepen the understanding of the causes of depression and to disseminate among the university community the benefits of early detection and treatment of people with socio-emotional disorders.
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BACKGROUND: Immigrants and refugees have specific mental health needs. Studies of immigrant/refugee psychiatric patients in Latin America are scarce. AIMS: Present the profile of patients from an outpatient psychiatric service in Sao Paulo (Brazil) to better inform mental health service planning for immigrants and refugees in the Global South. METHODS: Exploratory study to characterize the sociodemographic and mental health profile of refugees and immigrants attending outpatient psychiatric service from 2003 to 2018. Chi-square tests and logistic regressions were used to examine the association of demographic variables, exposure to violence, and immigrant status with psychiatric diagnosis. Cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups within the sample. RESULTS: A total of 162 immigrants and refugees referred to the service obtained treatment. Of these patients, 57.4% were men, 59.8% were refugees/asylum seekers, 51.9% were Black, 48.8% were single, 64.2% had 10 years of education, and 57.4% were unemployed; the mean age of the sample was 35.9. Half of the sample (52.5%) was exposed to violence. The most common diagnosis was depression (54.2%), followed by PTSD (16.6%). Approximately 34% of the participants sought psychiatric care within 6 months of arrival. Logistic regressions showed that men had lower odds of presenting with depression (OR = 0.34). Patients with PTSD were more likely to be refugees (OR = 3.9) and not have a university degree (OR = 3.1).In the cluster analysis, a cluster of patients with PTSD included almost all Black refugee men exposed to violence. Most patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders were also Black refugee men. CONCLUSION: Immigrants and refugees represent a vulnerable group. The majority of the sample was Black, refugee men, who were also more likely to present with PTSD. Future studies are needed to better understand issues in treatment adherence in relation to socioeconomic characteristics.
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Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Refugiados , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Atención Ambulatoria , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pacientes Ambulatorios , Refugiados/psicología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/terapiaRESUMEN
O aumento da população idosa no Brasil tem feito crescer a demanda por cuidados de longa duração oferecidos por instituições de longa permanência para idosos (Ilpi). A literatura apresenta caracterizações de Ilpi em cidades ou regiões específicas, mas uma visão geral dessas instituições e de seus residentes, especialmente em termos de características psicológicas e cognitivas, pode ajudar psicólogos a compreenderem as necessidades desses idosos e a planejar intervenções. O objetivo desta revisão integrativa é caracterizar Ilpi brasileiras, em termos de condições de funcionamento e de oferta de serviços, bem como de funções psicológicas e cognitivas de seus residentes, com fundamentação na literatura científica. Por meio de buscas nas bases SciELO, PePSIC e Periódicos Capes, foram selecionados nove artigos que caracterizam Ilpi brasileiras e 19 estudos que qualificam as condições psicológicas e cognitivas de residentes. Os artigos caracterizam 41 Ilpi de quatro do país. A maioria dessas instituições eram filantrópicas e recebiam idosos de ambos os sexos (majoritariamente mulheres), com preferência a pessoas independentes para atividades de vida diária. Os ambientes físicos eram compatíveis com a legislação, mas as rotinas eram rígidas e havia pouca oferta de atividades de lazer, o que contribuía para a baixa autonomia dos residentes. Constataram-se quadros reduzidos de funcionários, majoritariamente profissionais de saúde e cuidadores. A depressão foi a condição mais estudada, com prevalência média de 50% em residentes. A prevalência de declínio cognitivo variou entre 45% e 86%. Discute-se a necessidade de profissionais preparados para o trabalho junto a essa população, especialmente psicólogos capazes de intervir sobre o sofrimento psíquico de residentes.(AU)
The growth in Brazil's older population has increased the demand for long-term care provided by long-term care institutions (ILPI) for older adults. Although studies have characterized these institutions and their residents in specific cities or regions, a more general analysis, including psychological and cognitive characteristics, can help psychologists understand the needs of this population and plan interventions. This integrative literature review sought to characterize Brazilian ILPI regarding environmental conditions and service provision, as well as the psychological and cognitive functions of residents. Based on a literature search conducted in the SciELO, PePSIC and Capes databases, we selected nine papers characterizing Brazilian ILPI and 19 studies characterizing the psychological and cognitive conditions of residents. The selected papers analyzed 41 ILPI from four Brazilian regions. Most were philanthropic and received older adults of both genders (mostly women), preferably those independent for performing daily activities. Despite presenting a physical environment compatible with the legislation, all ILPIs had rigid routines and little time for leisure activities, contributing to the residents' low autonomy, and had reduced staff - mostly health professionals and caregivers. Depression had an average prevalence of 50%, while the prevalence of cognitive decline ranged from 45% to 86%. We need professionals prepared to work with this population, especially psychologists capable of intervening on the resident's psychological suffering.(AU)
El aumento de la población adulta mayor en Brasil ha ocasionado una mayor demanda de cuidados que ofrecen los hogares para ancianos (HA). La literatura presenta caracterizaciones de HA en ciudades o regiones específicas, y la visión general de estos establecimientos y sus residentes, especialmente de sus características psicológicas y cognitivas, pueden ayudar a los psicólogos a comprender las necesidades de esta población y a planear intervenciones. Esta revisión integrativa pretende evaluar los HA en Brasil en cuanto a condiciones de funcionalidad y a oferta de servicios, así como la salud psicológica y cognitivas de los residentes. A partir de la búsqueda de los datos en las bases SciELO, PePSIC y Periódicos Capes, se han seleccionado nueve artículos que evaluaban los HA brasileños y 19 estudios que caracterizaban las condiciones psicológicas y cognitivas de los residentes. Los artículos analizaron 41 HA de cuatro regiones del país. La mayoría de estos establecimientos era filantrópica y atendía a los adultos mayores de ambos sexos (la mayoría mujeres), con el requisito de que estuviesen aptos para realizar las actividades diarias. El ambiente físico estaba compatible con la legislación, pero las rutinas eran rígidas y había poca oferta de las actividades de ocio, lo que les aportaba a los residentes muy poca autonomía. Se contaba con un reducido número de trabajadores cuya mayoría era profesionales de la salud y cuidadores. La depresión fue la enfermedad más estudiada, con una prevalencia media del 50%. La prevalencia de disminución cognitiva osciló entre el 45% y el 86%. Esto evidencia la necesidad de capacitar a los profesionales para el trabajo con las personas mayores, en especial los psicólogos capaces de intervenir en el sufrimiento psíquico de los residentes.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Psicología , Instituciones Residenciales , Cuidados a Largo Plazo , Hogares para Ancianos , Ansiedad , Población , Calidad de Vida , Mujeres , Anciano , Enfermedad Crónica , Cuidadores , Personal de Salud , Aprovisionamiento , Autonomía Personal , Depresión , Empatía , Disfunción Cognitiva , Actividades RecreativasRESUMEN
Excoriation disorder (ED) is a primary psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent skin picking, which may lead to self-induced cutaneous lesions and significant distress or functional impairment. The affected patient is aware of his/her self-destructive behavior but feels unable to give up this habit, despite having made repeated attempts to decrease or stop it. ED is a relatively frequent disorder, of notable heterogeneity and phenomenological complexity, accompanied by significant emotional and physical consequences. Therefore, further research is necessary to enhance the knowledge on its clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and comorbidities. This article presents an update regarding the etiopathogenesis, clinical aspects, and treatment options of ED to provide an up-to-date review for psychiatrists, dermatologists, and general practitioners.