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El presente reporte tiene como objetivo presentar de manera secuencial y visual la protracción maxilar de un paciente clase III esqueletal, utilizando el protocolo BAMP. Una vez realizado el análisis clínico del caso se decidió realiza un tratamiento ortopédico a través del uso de miniplacas de titanio con elásticos intermaxilares de clase III siguiendo el protocolo BAMP, junto a un tratamiento ortodóncico dento alveolar con aparatología fija bimaxilar prescripción Roth 0.22" Mini sprint forestadent. Se observa el éxito del enfoque interceptivo utilizando el protocolo BAMP. Este enfoque logró reducir tanto el tiempo como la complejidad del tratamiento ortodóncico, y también disminuyó la necesidad de someterse a una cirugía ortognática en la edad adulta. El tratamiento BAMP, diseñado para ciertas edades y crecimiento, se demostró exitoso en un paciente de 12 años sin potencial de crecimiento. Las miniplacas como anclaje son efectivas para protracción maxilar en varios casos, aunque se necesita seguimiento y educación postquirúrgica. Se recomienda retirar las miniplacas cuando no sean necesarias, adaptando el protocolo a cada paciente. En resumen, el tratamiento con miniplacas es eficaz para corregir anomalías Clase III esqueléticas.

The present report aims to sequentially and visually present the maxillary protraction of a Class III skeletal patient using the BAMP protocol. After conducting a clinical analysis of the case, it was decided to perform orthopedic treatment using titanium miniplates with Class III intermaxillary elastics following the BAMP protocol, in conjunction with dentoalveolar orthodontic treatment using fixed bimaxillary appliances with Roth prescription 0.022" Mini Sprint Forestadent. The success of the interceptive approach using the BAMP protocol is observed. This approach managed to reduce both the time and complexity of orthodontic treatment and also decreased the need for orthognathic surgery in adulthood. The BAMP treatment, designed for specific ages and growth stages, proved successful in a 12-year-old patient without growth potential. Miniplates as anchorage are effective for maxillary protraction in various cases, although post-surgical follow-up and education are required. It is recommended to remove the miniplates when they are no longer necessary, adapting the protocol to each patient. In summary, miniplate treatment is effective in correcting Class III skeletal anomalies.

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SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes of head and cervical spine posture of skeletal class malocclusion in adolescent with maxillary protraction. Thirty cases of skeletal class malocclusion were randomly selected from the Stomatological Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. High-quality lateral cephalograms were collected including pre- and posttreatment to compare the changes of head and cervical spine posture. Data were processed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. The paired-t test was used to compare pre- and posttreatment mean angular measurements.A significant difference in the SNA(p<0.001), SNB(p<0.01), and ANB(p<0.001) between T1 and T2 showed an improvement in the sagittal relationships. A significant change was observed in middle cervical spine posture, while upper cervical spine posture variables showed no significant difference after treatment. Skeletal class with maxillary protraction appliance not only led to the improvement of sagittal relationship, but also changed the middle cervical spine posture.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los cambios en la postura de la cabeza y la columna cervical debido a la maloclusión clase esquelética en adolescentes con protracción maxilar. Treinta casos de maloclusión de clase esquelética fueron seleccionados al azar del Hospital Estomatológico de la Universidad Médica de Shanxi. Se recogieron cefalogramas laterales de alta calidad, incluidos el tratamiento previo y posterior, para comparar los cambios en la postura de la cabeza y la columna cervical. Los datos se procesaron con el software estadístico SPSS 26.0. Se utilizó la prueba t pareada para comparar las medidas angulares medias antes y después del tratamiento. Una diferencia significativa en SNA (p <0,001), SNB (p <0,01) y ANB (p <0,001) entre T1 y T2 mostró una mejora en las relaciones sagitales. Se observó un cambio significativo en la postura de la columna cervical media, mientras que las variables de postura de la columna cervical superior no mostraron diferencias significativas después del tratamiento. La clase esquelética con aparato de protracción maxilar no solo condujo a la mejora de la relación sagital, sino que también cambió la postura de la columna cervical media.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To compare second molar protraction between early, late and no piezocision groups. Material and Methods: Forty subjects with bilaterally extracted mandibular first molars were selected to participate in the study. Subjects were subdivided into two groups: piezocision and no piezocision. The piezocision group was further subdivided into two subgroups: early piezocision (piezocision performed immediately before second molar protraction) and late piezocision (piezocision performed three months after starting molar protraction). In the no piezocision group, molar protraction was done without surgery. The intervention (piezocision group and timing of piezocision/side within group) was randomly allocated using the permuted random block size of 2, with 1:1 allocation ratio. The amount of second molar protraction, duration of space closure and anterior anchorage loss were measured. A repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to define the differences between the measured variables at the different time intervals. Differences between groups were assessed using ANOVA test. Results: No difference was detected between early and late piezocision groups in the amount of molar protraction at the end of space closure. Duration of complete space closure was 9 and 10 months in the piezocision and no piezocision groups. Anchorage loss was similar between the three studied groups. Conclusions: Early and late piezocision have similar effect and both increased the amount of second molar protraction temporarily in the first 2-3 months after surgery. Duration of mandibular first molar space closure was reduced by one month when piezocision was applied. Anchorage loss was similar in the three groups.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar o efeito dos tempos de aplicação precoce, tardia e sem piezocisão, na protração de segundos molares. Métodos: Quarenta indivíduos com os primeiros molares inferiores extraídos bilateralmente foram selecionados para participar do estudo, sendo divididos em dois grupos: piezocisão e sem piezocisão. O grupo de piezocisão foi subdividido em dois subgrupos: piezocisão precoce (piezocisão realizada imediatamente antes da protração de segundos molares) e piezocisão tardia (realizada três meses após o início da protração dos molares). No grupo sem piezocisão, a protração de molares foi feita sem cirurgia. A intervenção (grupo de piezocisão e momento da piezocisão/lado dentro do grupo) foi alocada aleatoriamente usando o tamanho de bloco aleatório permutado de 2 com proporção de alocação de 1:1. A quantidade de protração de segundos molares, tempo para fechamento de espaços e perda de ancoragem anterior foram medidos. Uma análise de variância para medidas repetidas foi realizada para definir as diferenças entre as variáveis medidas nos diferentes intervalos de tempo. As diferenças entre os grupos foram avaliadas pelo teste ANOVA. Resultados: Não foi detectada diferença entre os grupos de piezocisão precoce e tardia, em relação à quantidade de protração de molares ao fim do fechamento dos espaços. O tempo para o fechamento completo do espaço foi de nove e dez meses nos grupos piezocisão e sem piezocisão, respectivamente. A perda de ancoragem foi semelhante nos três grupos avaliados. Conclusões: As piezocisões precoce e tardia têm efeito semelhante e ambas aumentaram temporariamente a quantidade de protração dos segundos molares nos primeiros dois a três meses após a cirurgia. A duração do fechamento de espaço dos primeiros molares inferiores foi reduzida em um mês quando a piezocisão foi aplicada. A perda de ancoragem foi semelhante nos três grupos.

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Antecedentes: La clase III esqueletal, es una deformidad dentofacial donde el tercio inferior de la cara es más prominente, el tratamiento se decide según la etiología y la edad del paciente; si se encuentra en crecimiento la malformación puede ser tratada con un protocolo interceptivo y si es posible evitar la cirugía ortognática a futuro. Objetivo: Mejorar la clase esqueletal, descruzar la mordida u obtener mordida borde a borde, mejorar la posición del labio superior y evaluar el comparativo inicial-final de SNA y ANB. Reporte de caso:Paciente masculino de 13 años, sin antecedentes personales patológicos o familiares reportados; presenta clase III esqueletal responsiva bimaxilar, crecimiento vertical, clase molar I y canina III; fue tratado con el protocolo de mini placas BAMP (bone anchored maxillary protraction) por sus siglas en inglés, elásticos intermaxilares y un paladar con pistas planas. Resultados:La fase ortopédica duro cinco meses y se logró mordida borde a borde y clase I esqueletal. Discusión: Se obtuvieron resultados con el uso de mini implantes sin anclaje extraoral en menos tiempo a comparación de otros métodos que tienen que ser usados por 9-12 meses.Conclusión:El protocolo BAMP puede ser usado en pacientes en crecimiento sin máscara facial para corregir la clase III esqueletal.

Background: Skeletal class III is a dentofacial deformity where the lower third ofthe face is more prominent. The treatment is decided according to the etiology and age of the patient; If the patient is in growing, the malformation can be treated with an interceptive protocol and if possible, avoid a orthognathic surgery in the future. Objective: Improve the skeletal class, uncross the bite or obtain an edge-to-edge bite, improve the position of the upper lip and compare the initial-final relationship of ANS and ANB.Case report:13-year-old male patient, with no reported pathological or family history; presents skeletal class III, vertical growth, molar class I and canine III; he was treated with the protocol of mini BAMP (bone anchored maxillary protraction) plates, intermaxillary elastics and a palate with flat tracks. Results:The orthopedic phase lasted five months and an edge-to-edge bite and skeletal class I were achieved.Discussion:Results were obtained with the use of mini plates without extraoralanchorage in less time compared to other methods that have to be used for 9-12 months. Conclusion: The BAMP protocol can be used in growing patients without a face mask to correct skeletal class III.

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Cleft lip and palate is a congenital defect that affects the oral cavity. Depending on its severity, alveolar graft surgery and maxillary orthopedic therapies must be carried out as a part of the treatment. It is widely accepted that the therapies should be performed before grafting. Nevertheless, some authors have suggested that mechanical stimuli such as those from the maxillary therapies could improve the success rate of the graft. The aim of this study is to computationally determine the effect of maxillary therapies loads on the biomechanical response of an alveolar graft with different degrees of ossification. We also explore how the transverse width of the cleft affects the graft behavior and compare results with a non-cleft skull. Results suggest that stresses increase within the graft as it ossifies and are greater if maxillary expansion therapy is applied. This has consequences in the bone remodeling processes that are necessary for the graft osseointegration. Maxillary orthopedic therapies after graft surgery could be considered as a part of the treatment since they seem to act as a positive extra stimulus that can benefit the graft.

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RESUMEN: En ortodoncia, las miniplacas se utilizan como dispositivo de anclaje temporal (TAD) para la realización de movimientos dentales que permiten el uso de fuerzas ortopédicas en ellos. En comparación con los mini tornillos, las miniplacas tienen la ventaja de una tasa de falla muy baja, pero la desventaja es que para la extracción se necesita el mismo acto quirúrgico que se realizó para la instalación. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una revisión bibliográfica de las indicaciones de miniplacas en pacientes con mordidas abiertas, clase II y anomalías de clase III, y buscar cómo las miniplacas han mejorado los tratamientos de ortodoncia. La información principal se reunió buscando en PubMed con las palabras clave enumeradas a continuación. Afirmamos que las miniplacas están indicadas para la retracción en masa de la arcada, donde se observó que la fuerza de 150 g aplicada en los molares superiores es suficiente no solo para empujar los molares hacia atrás en una clase I corregida, sino también para iniciar la retracción de premolares, caninos e incisivos. En pacientes con mordida abierta, las miniplacas se definen como un método seguro, una alternativa rápida y menos costosa a la cirugía ortognática. Y en pacientes de las clases II y III se utilizan sin producir efectos dentoalveolares que sustituyan a los dispositivos extraorales como máscaras, con dispositivos intraorales y elásticos (BAMP).

ABSTRACT: In orthodontics, miniplates are used as a Temporary Anchoring Device (TAD) for the purpose dental movements, allowing the use of orthopedic forces. In comparison with mini-screws, miniplates have the advantage of a very low rate of failure. Nonetheless, their removal requires the same surgical procedure as during installation, which is an obvious disadvantage. The aim of this study is to review the indications of miniplates in patients with open bite, class II and class III anomalies, and review how miniplates improved orthodontics treatments. Information was obtained by a search in PubMed with the keywords listed below. Miniplates are indicated for retraction in mass of the arcade, where it was seen that the force of 150 g applied on maxillary molars, is sufficient not only to push the molars back into a corrected class I, but also to initiate retraction of premolars, canines, and incisors. In open-bite patients, mini plates, are achieved as a safe method, that is quick and a less expensive alternative to orthognathic surgery. Further, in class II and III patients they are used without producing dentoalveolar effects replacing extraoral devices as facemasks, with intraoral devices and elastics. (BAMP).

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BACKGROUND: Few studies have demonstrated postural abnormalities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - when compared with healthy individuals. However, none of these studies have compared postural abnormalities in different phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. OBJECTIVE: To compare the thoracic posture between two phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (emphysema and chronic bronchitis) with healthy individuals. METHODS: Forty individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (20 with chronic bronchitis, 67±3.5 years, 20 with emphysema, 67.7±4 years) and 20 age-matched healthy individuals (67.3±3.9 years) underwent postural assessment which was performed using photogrammetric measurements of head protraction, shoulder protraction, thoracic kyphosis angle, coronal shoulder angle, and scapular elevation. RESULTS: Significant differences were found amongst the groups in protraction of head (emphysema vs. chronic bronchitis, mean difference=7.63°, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.10, 13.15°; emphysema vs. healthy, 7.91°, 95% CI=2.38, 13.43°), protraction of shoulder (emphysema vs. healthy, 13.69°, 95% CI=6.96, 20.43°; chronic bronchitis vs. healthy, 8.11°, 95% CI=1.38, 14.85°), thoracic kyphosis (emphysema vs. healthy, -11.59°, 95% CI=-17.26, -5.92°; chronic bronchitis vs. healthy, -6.75°, 95% CI=-12.41, -1.08°), coronal shoulder angle (emphysema vs. chronic bronchitis, 1.01°, 95% CI=.22, 1.80°; emphysema vs. healthy, 1.59°, 95% CI=.80, 2.38°) and scapular elevation (emphysema vs. chronic bronchitis, =.74cm, 95% CI=.34, 1.15cm; emphysema vs. healthy, .99cm, 95% CI=.59, 1.40cm). CONCLUSION: People with emphysema show greater degree of postural malalignments in terms of head and shoulder protraction, thoracic kyphosis, symmetry of shoulders and scapular elevation than patients with chronic bronchitis and age-matched healthy individuals. These observations emphasize the importance of postural assessment in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, particularly if they are emphysematous.

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Abstract Introduction There is no consensus about the immediate and latte follow-up effects of maxillary protraction in cleft lip and palate patients. Objective To evaluate the stability of Class III early treatment in cleft lip and palate patients through maxillary expansion and protraction. Material and method The sample consists in three lateral cephalometric radiographs of 28 patients (mean pre-treatment age of 6.7±1.8 years) who presented cleft lip and palate and were treated with maxillary expansion and Petit facial mask. The angular (SNA, SNB, ANB, SN.GoGn, FMA, Z Angle) and linear (overjet, Co-A, Co-Gn, Nperp-A, Nperp-Pg, AO-BO) cephalometric measures were evaluated through the Dolphin® software, in three moments: T0 (initial), T1 (after treatment), and T2 (follow-up). Data were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-Kramer test. The correlation between cephalometric measures and patient's age was determined by Pearson's chi-squared test. Result The SNA, ANB, and AO-BO measures increased considerably (p<0.05), and they did not present any differences compared to the initial ones after the follow-up time. The overjet measure increased (p<0.05) after treatment and, even with its decrease at the follow-up time, it was still higher than at the beginning (p<0.05). The Z angle showed improvement with treatment and remained stable at the follow-up time. Conclusion After treatment (maxillary expansion associated with protraction), there was a skeletal pattern improvement. During the follow-up period, those alterations decreased to a measure close to the beginning. There was an improvement in the dental pattern and facial profile that continued in the follow-up period.

Resumo Introdução Não há consenso sobre os efeitos imediatos e tardios da protração maxilar em pacientes com fissura lábio palatal. Objetivo avaliar a estabilidade do tratamento precoce da Classe III em pacientes com fissura labiopalatina por meio da expansão e protração maxilar. Material e método A amostra consistiu de 28 pacientes com fissura lábio palatal com (média de idade pré tratamento de 6.7±1.8) com fissura lábio palatal transforame unilateral, tratados com disjuntor maxilar e com máscara facial de Petit. Por meio de análise em telerradiografias laterais as grandezas angulares (SNA, SNB, ANB, SN.GoGn, FMA, Ângulo Z) e lineares (overjet, Co-A, Co-Gn, Nperp-A, Nperp-Pg, AO-BO) foram avaliadas, com o software Dolphin®, nos tempos: inicial (T0), após o tratamento (T1) e acompanhamento de 2 a 6 anos (T2). Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e teste Tukey-Kramer. A correlação entre as grandezas cefalométricas e a idade do paciente foi determinada pelo teste de Pearson. Todas as análises foram realizadas com nível de significância de 5%. Resultado SNA, ANB e AO-BO aumentaram significativamente (p<0,05) e após o período de acompanhamento voltaram a ser semelhantes às iniciais (p>0,05). O overjet aumentou significativamente após o tratamento e mesmo tendo diminuído com o tempo, ainda se apresentava maior quando comparado ao momento inicial (p<0,05). O ângulo Z apresentou melhora com o tratamento e se manteve estável no período de acompanhamento (p<0,05). Conclusão após o tratamento (disjunção associada à protração maxilar) houve melhora do padrão esquelético. No período de acompanhamento, verificou-se que essas melhoras voltaram a medidas próximas das iniciais. Houve melhora no padrão dentário e no perfil facial que se manteve no período de controle.

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In this report, we describe the successful use of alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions with a hybrid hyrax-mandibular miniplate combination and simultaneous orthodontic treatment for the management of severe Class III malocclusion due to maxillary hypoplasia in an 11-year-old girl. The devices were removed after 20 months of treatment, and the family was instructed about a careful control and retention program that should be followed in accordance with the patient's growth. The final result included the correction of Class III malocclusion with adequate function and excellent facial esthetics, which restored the patient's self-esteem and provided personal motivation. The outcomes showed good stability after 24 months of retention. The decrease in the duration of active treatment is the most important finding from the present case. Considering that facial esthetics in adolescence is a determining factor for the development of a personality and interpersonal relationships, we recommend the use of this protocol for growing patients, who will exhibit not only an improved physical appearance but also a better quality of life.

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Nas últimas décadas pode-se afirmar que a Ortodontia vem sofrendo uma evolução sem precedentes. A descoberta de novos conceitos biológicos, o progresso tecnológico e a introdução de novas técnicas têm possibilitado facilitar e agilizar o tratamento de várias maloclusões, dentre elas a Classe II por retrusão mandibular. Diversos aparelhos e técnicas têm surgido nos últimos tempos e os propulsores mandibulares têm tido um destaque considerável. O presente caso clínico ilustra um tratamento ortodôntico corretivo compensatório de um paciente jovem com deficiência mandibular e assimetria através do uso do aparelho Powerscope™. Esse surge como uma alternativa para o tratamento de displasias crânio cérvico oclusais (DCCO) ­ II com retroposicionamento mandibular em pacientes com dentição permanente e relutantes ao tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico. De acordo com o fabricante, o aparelho possibilita maior amplitude de movimentos, maior simplicidade na instalação, bem como mais conforto e aceitação por parte do paciente. A queixa principal do presente caso consistia no tratamento da maloclusão Classe II após a falha do tratamento ortopédico funcional. A mecânica aplicada permitiu a correção da maloclusão, atingido-se relações oclusais satisfatórias de molares e caninos, bem como estéticas. Sendo possível obter uma melhoria no perfil e sorriso do paciente. O aparelho Powerscope™ revelou-se um ótimo acessório para o tratamento do presente caso clínico tendo cumprido com seu propósito, não sendo relatada qualquer intercorrência durante o seu uso. (AU)

In the last decades we can say that Orthodontics has undergone an unprecedented evolution. The discovery of new biological concepts, technological progress and the introduction of new techniques have been facilitating and accelerating the treatment of several malocclusions, among them Class II through mandibular retrusion. Several devices and techniques have emerged in recent times and the fixed functional appliances have had a considerable rise in interest. The present case report illustrates a corrective orthodontic treatment of a young patient with mandibular deficiency and asymmetry using the Powerscope™ device. This arises as an alternative for the treatment of craniocervical occlusal dysplasia (CCOD) ­ II with mandibular rebuilt in patients with permanent dentition and reluctant to orthodontic-surgical treatment. According to the appliance manufacturer, the device allows a greater range of movement, greater simplicity in the installation as well as more comfort and acceptance by the patient. The main complaint of the present case was the treatment of Class II malocclusion after failure of functional orthopedic treatment. The applied mechanics allowed the correction of the malocclusion, reaching satisfactory molars and canines occlusal relationships as well as aesthetics. It was possible to obtain an improvement in the patient profile and smile. The Powerscope™ device proved to be an excellent accessory for the treatment of the present clinical case having fulfilled its purpose and no intercurrences were reported during its use.(AU)

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The objective of the study was to investigate the morphological changes of skeletal class III malocclusion in mixed dentition with light force protraction combined activities. Randomly selected 30 cases of orthodontics in Shanxi Medical University orthodontics patients (ages: 6-10 years) of the lateral cephalograms. Using the oral maxillary casting type of pre-traction device, according to the condition of maxillary dentition to select the corresponding activities of the movable expansion appliance, each side of the force of about 150-200 g, requiring patients to wear 10-12 hours a day, the appliance should be removed after reaching normal occlusion. The correlation cephalometric profile of the cranial lateral radiographs before and after orthodontic treatment was measured. All patients with skeletal class III malocclusion were improved, concave type became direct type, measurements SNA, ANB, A-Ptm, MP-SN, ANS-Me/N-Me increased, maxillary advancement and reconstruction are more obvious; mandible rotates clockwise; the increase of lip inclination of anterior teeth compensatory changes, lower anterior tooth inclination changes smaller; upper lip forward, nasolabial angle decreased, improved appearance significantly. Light force protraction combined activities can make the mixed dentition of skeletal class III malocclusion in patients with significant improvement in profile appearance.

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los cambios morfológicos de la maloclusión clase esquelética III, en la dentición mixta, con actividades combinadas de protracción de la fuerza ligera. Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 30 casos de ortodoncia en pacientes de ortodoncia de la Universidad Médica de Shanxi (edades: 6-10 años) a partir de cefalogramas laterales, utilizando el tipo de dispositivo de pretracción de vaciado maxilar oral, de acuerdo con la condición de la dentición maxilar para seleccionar las actividades correspondientes del dispositivo de expansión móvil, cada lado con fuerza de alrededor de 150-200 g, requiriendo que los pacientes los utilizaran de 10 a 12 horas al día. El dispositivo debía ser retirado después de alcanzar la oclusión normal. Se midió el perfil cefalométrico de correlación de las radiografías laterales craneales, antes y después del tratamiento ortodóncico. Se observó mejoramiento en todos los pacientes con maloclusión de clase esquelética. Las mediciones SNA, ANB, APtm, MP-SN, ANS-Me / N-Me aumentaron, el avance y la reconstrucción maxilar fueron los cambios más significativos; la mandíbula giró en el sentido de las agujas del reloj, se observó un aumento de la inclinación labial de los dientes anteriores. Fue reducida la inclinación anterior del diente inferior, el ángulo nasolabial disminuyó y en general mejoró significativamente la apariencia. Las actividades combinadas de protrusión de la fuerza radiante pueden llevar a una mejora signficativa en el perfil de pacientes con dentición mixta de maloclusión clase III.

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OBJECTIVES: To analyze the stress distribution on the PDL of the maxillary first molar in a mixed dentition Class III malocclusion, using a Hyrax-type appliance and maxillary protraction. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: A Class III malocclusion in the mixed dentition was reconstructed based on CBCT images. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 3D FEM comprised the maxilla, alveolar bone, right first permanent molar teeth, and PDL and consisted of 1 133 497 nodes and 573 726 elements. Maxillary protraction force was applied to a hook positioned close to the deciduous canines with 600 g and at 15°, 30°, and 45° downward angles to the maxillary occlusal plane. RESULTS: Analysis was carried out from the top and buccal view of the sagittal plane. The magnitude of the stresses at 15°, 30°, and 45° of protraction angulation resulted in the highest stress magnitude being in the region between the distobuccal and palatal roots, as well as on the distal surface of the mesial root. The vector direction in this area showed traction and mesial movement. With 30° and 45° protraction angulations, the stress was located only between the distobuccal and palatal roots, and the vector direction was more extrusive at 15°. CONCLUSIONS: The suggested orthodontic movement is in the mesial direction with a small amount of extrusion with 15° angulation and greater extrusion with 30° and 45°.

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Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a rare genetic condition that affects approximately 1 in every 20,000 - 50,000 live births. WBS children have specific skeletal deformities, dental malformations and rare lingual muscle dysfunction. The need for orthodontic and orthognathic therapy has arisen and has been considered a real clinical challenge even for experienced professionals, once it requires a complex and individualized treatment plan. This study reports a case of orthopedic expansion of the maxilla, in which a modified facial mask was used for protraction of the maxillary complex associated with clockwise rotation of the maxilla. In addition, special considerations about treatment time and orthopedic outcomes are discussed.

A síndrome de Williams-Beuren (WBS) é uma doença genética rara, acometendo, aproximadamente, de 1:20.000 a 1:50.000 crianças nascidas. As crianças com WBS têm deformidades esqueléticas específicas, má formações dentárias e, algumas vezes, disfunção muscular da língua. As necessidades ortodônticas e ortognáticas têm sido consideradas um verdadeiro desafio clínico, até mesmo para aqueles profissionais com vasta experiência, uma vez que requerem um plano de tratamento individualizado e complexo. Esse relato de caso aborda uma expansão ortopédica da maxila, em que foi utilizada uma máscara facial modificada para protração do complexo maxilar, acompanhada de uma rotação horária da maxila. Além disso, considerações especiais sobre o tempo de tratamento e resultados ortopédicos são discutidas.

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A má oclusão de Classe III tem como aliada no tratamento precoce a protração maxilar por meio da máscara facial. Embora esse aparelho seja altamente efetivo, do ponto de vista esquelético e dentário, demanda colaboração total do paciente, o que nem sempre é atingido devido o aparelho ser externo e causar um problema estético, principalmente quando usado em público. Para ajudar no tratamento (às vezes até substituí-lo), é proposto um novo dispositivo, o Bimax III, aparelho dento-suportado utilizado em conjunto com elásticos de Classe III, que embora ainda não haja estudos comprovando sua eficácia esquelética, responde muito bem à movimentação dentária, pois é facilmente aceito pelo paciente. A proposta desse artigo é apresentar o referido aparelho e sugerir outras formas de tratamento para a correção da Classe III precoce.

The treatment of early Class III malocclusion has an ally in maxillary protraction through the facemask. Although this device is highly effective in terms of skeletal and dental outcomes, full compliance of the patient is needed. This is often hard to achieve since the device is external and cause an aesthetic problem, especial ly when used in public. To assist in the treatment (or sometimes even replace it) a new device is proposed, the Bimax III, a dental-supported device used in conjunction with Class III elastics. Although there are no studies proving its skeletal effectiveness, it responds very well to the tooth movement because it is readily accepted by the patient. The purpose of this paper is to present the mentioned appliance and suggest other forms of early Class III treatment.

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A tração anterior da maxila é parte do arsenal do ortodontista já há algum tempo no que se refere ao tratamento da má oclusão de Classe III de pacientes em crescimento. Paciente M.C. do sexo feminino, na época com 6 anos e 10 meses de idade, apresentou-se para tratamento ortodôntico. No exame extrabucal, apresentava sinais de hipoplasia de maxila: perfil côncavo e olheiras bem demarcadas. No exame intrabucal, possuía uma mordida cruzada anterior e posterior bilateral. A telerradiografia e o traçado cefalométrico confirmaram uma maxila retroposicionada (SNA=79º). Na radiografia panorâmica notava-se impacção do elemento 16 (em relação ao 55). Os objetivos do tratamento consistiram em aumentar a dimensão transversa da maxila para descruzar a mordida posterior e tracioná-la para uma posição mais anterior. A disjunção rápida da maxila associada à máscara facial de Petit foram utilizadas para alcançar estes objetivos. A mordida cruzada posterior bilateral foi corrigida completamente pela disjunção maxilar, assim como a posição da maxila foi melhorada pela força ortopédica anterior (SNA final=85º). A terapia teve de ser repetida aos 10 anos e 3 meses de idade. A terapia ortodôntica utilizada nesta paciente mostrou-se efetiva na correção da má oclusão inicial, além de mostrar-se estável após 33 meses de controle de contenção (após término da segunda fase do tratamento).

Introduction: Orthodontists have been using maxillary anterior traction on Class III patients that are going through their growth period. Description: A female patient M.C., 6 years and 10 months old, was taken to orthodontic treatment. The extra-oral examination presented signs of maxillary hypoplasia: concave facial profile and evident under eye dark circles. Intra-oral examination showed an anterior and bilateral posterior cross-bite. The teleradiography and cephalometric tracing confirmed posterior positioned maxilla (SNA=79º). In the panoramic radiograph an impaction of the element 16 on the 55 was easily noticed. Treatment plan: The treatment aimed at enhancing the maxilla’s transversal dimension to correct the bilateral posterior cross bite and to protract the maxilla anteriorly. The orthodontic devices utilized to address these objectives were the Haas palatal expander and Petit’s facial mask. Results: The posterior cross bite was fully corrected through the palatal expansion, as well as the maxillary sagittal position (SNA=85º) using anteriorly directed orthopedic force. The protraction therapy had to be repeated when the patient was aging 10 years and 3 months. Conclusion: The utilized therapies have proved to be effective in correcting the initial malocclusion. Furthermore, they have shown good stability 33 months after the removal of the fixed appliance (phase II).

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OBJETIVO: avaliar cefalometricamente as alterações tegumentares e dentoalveolares em jovens brasileiros portadores de má oclusão de Classe II, 1ª divisão, tratados com APM associado à Ortodontia corretiva fixa. MÉTODOS: a amostra consistiu-se de 28 pacientes (16 do sexo feminino e 12 do sexo masculino), com idade média de 13,06 anos, tratados por um período médio de 14,43 meses. As alterações foram medidas em 56 cefalogramas específicos, obtidos das telerradiografias laterais feitas antes e após o tratamento, por dois examinadores calibrados para identificar as alterações tegumentares e dentoalveolares, utilizando-se grandezas cefalométricas lineares e angulares. As variáveis independentes (sexo, idade, padrão facial, tipo de APM, arco, técnica e tempo de tratamento) foram consideradas e analisadas com as grandezas cefalométricas lineares e angulares. As respostas ao tratamento foram analisadas e comparadas pelos testes Wilcoxon Signed Ranks e Mann-Whitney para um nível de significância de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: os resultados mostraram mudanças dentoalveolares de grande magnitude, provocando, assim, mudanças favoráveis no tecido mole. Observou-se, ainda, que as variáveis idade, tipo de APM e técnica utilizada influenciaram no tratamento. CONCLUSÕES: o APM mostrou-se uma alternativa eficaz para o tratamento da má oclusão de Classe II, 1ª divisão, propiciando alterações dentoalveolares e tegumentares com resultados clínicos satisfatórios.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a cephalometric evaluation of dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes in Brazilian youths with Class II, division 1 malocclusion, treated with a mandibular protraction appliance (MPA) combined with fixed corrective orthodontics. METHODS: The sample consisted of 28 patients (16 females and 12 males) with a mean age of 13.06 years, treated for a mean period of 14.43 months. The changes were measured on 56 specific cephalometric analysis obtained from lateral cephalograms taken before and after treatment by two calibrated examiners in order to identify soft tissue and dentoalveolar changes using linear and angular cephalometric measures. The independent variables sex, age, facial pattern, MPA model, archwire, technique and treatment time were registered and analyzed using linear and angular cephalometric measures. Treatment responses were analyzed and compared by the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks and Mann-Whitney tests at a significance level of 5 percent. RESULTS: The results showed dentoalveolar changes of great magnitude, which caused positive changes in soft tissue. It was also noted that the variables age, MPA model and technique influenced the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: MPA proved to be an effective alternative in the treatment of Class II, division 1 malocclusion, inducing dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes with satisfactory clinical results.

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OBJETIVO: este estudo objetivou avaliar as respostas cefalométricas esqueléticas provocadas pelo Aparelho de Protração Mandibular, em jovens brasileiros portadores de má oclusão Classe II, 1ª divisão, associado à Ortodontia corretiva fixa. MÉTODOS: a amostra consistiu de 56 telerradiografias em norma lateral de 28 pacientes, sendo 16 do sexo feminino e 12 do masculino. A idade inicial média foi de 13,06 anos e o período médio da terapia com o APM foi de 14,43 meses. As telerradiografias laterais foram obtidas antes e após o tratamento, tendo sido comparadas por dois examinadores calibrados para identificar as alterações esqueléticas do APM, utilizando-se 16 grandezas cefalométricas lineares e angulares. Algumas variáveis independentes (idade do paciente, sexo, padrão facial, modelo de APM, tempo total de uso do aparelho, arco usado durante a terapia com APM e técnica ortodôntica utilizada) foram consideradas e associadas às referidas grandezas, no intuito de demonstrar a influência dessas variáveis sobre as grandezas As respostas ao tratamento foram analisadas e comparadas pelos testes Wilcoxon Signed Ranks e Mann-Whitney para um nível de significância de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: os resultados mostraram uma restrição no deslocamento anterior da maxila, um aumento na protrusão mandibular, uma melhora no relacionamento anteroposterior das bases ósseas e estabilidade do plano mandibular em relação à base do crânio. Observou-se, ainda, influência das variáveis idade, padrão facial e tipo de APM utilizado. CONCLUSÕES: o APM consistiu numa alternativa eficaz no tratamento da má oclusão de Classe II, 1ª divisão, propiciando alterações do componente esquelético com resultados clínicos satisfatórios.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to perform a cephalometric evaluation of the skeletal responses triggered by the joint use of a mandibular protraction appliance (MPA) and a fixed orthodontic appliance for correction of Class II, division 1 malocclusion in young Brazilian patients. METHODS: The sample consisted of 56 lateral cephalograms of 28 patients (16 women and 12 men). The initial mean age was 13.06 years and mean duration of therapy with MPA was 14.43 months. The lateral radiographs were obtained before and after treatment and were compared by two calibrated examiners to identify the skeletal changes induced by the MPA using 16 linear and angular cephalometric measures. Some independent variables (patient age, gender, facial pattern, MPA model, total use time, archwire and technique used during therapy with MPA) were considered and related to those measures in order to demonstrate the influence of these variables on them. Responses to treatment were analyzed and compared by the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test and Mann-Whitney test at a significance level of 5 percent. RESULTS: The results showed restricted anterior displacement of the maxilla, increased mandibular protrusion, improved anteroposterior relationship of the basal bones and stability of the mandibular plane relative to the cranial base. The influence of variables age, facial pattern and MPA type was also noted. CONCLUSIONS: MPA proved an effective alternative in the treatment of Class II, division 1 malocclusion, inducing changes in the skeletal component with satisfactory clinical results.

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A Classe III de Angle é uma má oclusão caracterizada por discrepâncias anteroposteriores dentárias e faciais, normalmente acompanhadas por alterações esqueléticas, com componente genético associado. O diagnóstico precoce e correto e o tratamento adequado são de suma importância para promover o controle do crescimento e evitar recidivas. Este artigo relata o tratamento, executado em duas fases, de uma paciente do sexo feminino de 12 anos de idade, apresentando uma má oclusão de Classe III de Angle, subdivisão direita, com mordida cruzada anterior em máxima intercuspidação habitual (MIH) e topo em relação cêntrica (RC), apresentando, ainda, falta de espaço na maxila, que foi tratada sem exodontias e com controle de crescimento. Esse caso foi apresentado à Diretoria do Board Brasileiro de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial (BBO), representando a categoria 1, ou seja, uma má oclusão Classe III de Angle, tratada sem exodontias e com controle de crescimento, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Diplomado pelo BBO.

Angle Class III malocclusion is characterized by anteroposterior dental and facial discrepancies usually accompanied by skeletal changes associated with a genetic component. Early, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are of paramount importance to promote growth control and prevent relapse. This article reports the two-phase treatment of a female patient, aged 12 years, with an Angle Class III, subdivision right malocclusion with anterior crossbite in maximum intercuspation (MIC) and end-on bite in centric relation, further presenting with lack of maxillary space. The case was treated without extractions and with growth control. This case was presented to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics (BBO) as representative of Category 1, i.e., Angle Class III malocclusion treated without tooth extractions, as part of the requirements for obtaining the BBO Diploma.

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