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Acacia mearnsii byproducts are naturally endowed with a plethora of diverse polyphenols that exhibit antioxidant properties indicating potential application in enhancing oxidative shelf-life of perishable foods. The current study evaluated the oxidative shelf-life of raw ground beef patties fortified with 450 µg/g of polyphenolic extracts from A. mearnsii bark (AMBE) or leaves (AMLE) compared to positive (sodium metabisulphite; SMB) and negative (no extract; CTL) controls for 9 d at 4 °C in a simulated retail display. The AMBE had higher (P ≤ 0.05) contents of proanthocyanidins, and total phenols, flavonoids and tannins, and consequently demonstrated greater (P ≤ 0.05) in vitro antioxidant activity than AMLE. The polyphenolic extracts increased (P ≤ 0.05) antioxidant activity in beef patties compared to the CTL though they were outperformed (P ≤ 0.05) by the SMB. Fortification of beef patties with the polyphenolic extracts, particularly AMBE, delayed colour deterioration and oxidation of myoglobin during retail display relative to the CTL but were less efficient than SMB (P ≤ 0.05). Beef patties fortified with the polyphenolic extracts and SMB had comparable (P > 0.05) peroxide values, TBARS and p-Anisidine values which were all lower (P ≤ 0.05) than those for the CTL patties. The order of protein thiol content in beef patties was as follows: CTL ≥ AMLE ≥ AMBE ≥ SMB (P ≤ 0.05). Findings suggest that A. mearnsii-derived polyphenolic antioxidants, particularly AMBE has great potential to extend oxidative shelf-life of raw beef patties.

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), redefined as Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), is characterized by an extensive multi-organ involvement. MAFLD-induced systemic inflammatory status and peripheral metabolic alteration lead to an impairment of cerebral function. Herein, we investigated a panel of leptin-related inflammatory mediators as predictive biomarkers of neuroinflammation and evaluated the possible role of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction (BPF) in counteracting this MAFLD-induced inflammatory cascade. Male DIAMOND mice were randomly assigned to fed chow diet and tap water or high fat diet with sugar water. Starting from week 16, mice were further divided and treated with vehicle or BPF (50 mg/kg/day), via gavage, until week 30. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at the baseline and at week 30. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to discriminate the altered lipid metabolism in the onset of cerebral alterations. Steatohepatitis led to an increase in leptin levels, resulting in a higher expression of proinflammatory mediators. The inflammatory biomarkers involved in leptin/CCL3-CCL4 axes were correlated with the altered thalamus energetic metabolism and the white matter degeneration. BPF administration restored leptin level, improved glucose and lipid metabolism, and reduced chronic low-grade inflammatory mediators, resulting in a prevention of white matter degeneration, alterations of thalamus metabolism and brain atrophy. The highlighted positive effect of BPF, mediated by the downregulation of the inflammatory biomarkers involved in leptin/CCL3-CCL4 axes, affording novel elements to candidate BPF for the development of a therapeutic strategy aimed at counteracting MAFLD-related brain inflammation.

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The use of dendrimers as nanovectors for nucleic acids or drugs requires the understanding of their interaction with biological membranes. This study investigates the impact of 1st generation polyphenolic carbosilane dendrimers on biological and model lipid membranes using several biophysical methods. While the increase in the z-average size of DMPC/DPPG liposomes correlated with the number of caffeic acid residues included in the dendrimer structure, dendrimers that contained polyethylene glycol chains generated lower zeta potential when interacting with a liposomal membrane. The increase in the fluorescence anisotropy of DPH and TMA-DPH probes incorporated into erythrocyte membranes predicted the ability of dendrimers to affect membrane fluidity in the hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic/polar region of a lipid bilayer. The presence of caffeic acid and polyethylene glycol chains in the dendrimer structure affected the thermodynamical properties of the membrane lipid matrix.

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INTRODUCTION: European aspen (Populus tremula L.) knotwood contains large amounts of polyphenolic metabolites, mainly flavonoids, and can be considered as a promising industrial-scale source of valuable bioactive compounds. Valorization of knotwood extractives requires detailed information on their chemical composition and a relevant analytical methodology. OBJECTIVE: This study proposes combined analytical strategy for non-targeted screening and identification of polyphenolic plant metabolites and is aimed at comprehensive characterization of knotwood extractives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aspen knotwood acetone extract with determined antioxidant activity was an object of the study. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy with Structure Elucidator expert system was used for preliminary search of major components and specific structures. Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) with data-dependent MS/MS spectra acquisition was used as a complementary technique providing molecular-level characterization and identification of the detected metabolites. RESULTS: Twenty-eight phenolic metabolites were found and identified. Among them, flavonoids, aromadendrin and naringenin, as well as their glycosylated derivatives (mainly O-glucosides) and methyl ethers, dominated. Taxifolin and its 7-O-glucoside were detected as minor components. Other detected compounds are represented by p-coumaric acid and its rutinoside and small amounts of glycosylated ferulic acid. Nineteen of the detected compounds were discovered in aspen knotwood for the first time. The results were confirmed by preparative isolation of individual compounds and NMR studies. CONCLUSION: The proposed analytical strategy based on 2D NMR and HPLC-HRMS can be considered a powerful tool in the analysis of plant extractives and allowed for the identification and semi-quantification of a large number of polyphenols in aspen knotwood.

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The significance of this study lies in its exploration of bioactive plant extracts as a promising avenue for combating oral bacterial pathogens, offering a novel strategy for biofilm eradication that could potentially revolutionize oral health treatments. Oral bacterial infections are common in diabetic patients; however, due to the development of resistance, treatment options are limited. Considering the excellent antimicrobial properties of phenolic compounds, we investigated them against isolated oral pathogens using in silico and in vitro models. We performed antibiogram studies and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), antibiofilm, and antiquorum sensing activities covering phenolic compounds. Bacterial strains were isolated from female diabetic patients and identified by using 16S rRNA sequencing as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus chungangensis, Bacillus paramycoides, and Paenibacillus dendritiformis. Antibiogram studies confirmed that all strains were resistant to most tested antibiotics except imipenem and ciprofloxacin. Molecular docking analysis revealed the significant interaction of rutin, quercetin, gallic acid, and catechin with transcription regulator genes 1RO5, 4B2O, and 5OE3. All tested molecules followed drug-likeness rules except rutin. The MIC values of the tested compounds varied from 0.0625 to 0.5 mg/mL against clinical isolates. Significant antibiofilm activity was recorded in the case of catechin (73.5% ± 1.6% inhibition against B. paramycoides), cinnamic acid (80.9% ± 1.1% inhibition against P. aeruginosa), and vanillic acid and quercetin (65.5% ± 1.7% and 87.4% ± 1.4% inhibition, respectively, against B. chungangensis) at 0.25-0.125 mg/mL. None of the phenolic compounds presented antiquorum sensing activity. It was, therefore, concluded that polyphenolic compounds may have the potential to be used against oral bacterial biofilms, and further detailed mechanistic investigations should be performed.

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Polyphenolic compounds are among the most widely researched compounds for various therapeutic applications. However, naturally occurring phenylethanoid glycosides are least explored under this class of compounds. One such phenylethanoid glycoside, verbascoside (Vb), abundantly found among 200 species of 23 families, has gained recent attention due to its wide-spectrum therapeutic properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, skin-protective, and anti-cancer. Despite having multiple therapeutic benefits, due to its large size, the compound has poor bioavailability for oral and topical applications. To meet these limitations, current research on Vb focuses on delivering it through nanoformulations. Presently, most developed formulations are liposome based for various applications, such as corneal epithelial wound healing, anti-neuropathic, anti-wrinkle, anti-hyperalgesia, atopic dermatitis, alopecia, and cutaneous wound healing. Multiple studies have confirmed the least acute and sub-acute toxicity for Vb. Few clinical studies have been performed for the therapeutic application of Vb to manage COVID-19, nephropathy, platelet aggregation, chronic primary glomerulonephritis, and acute hepatitis. Recent studies have shown the immense therapeutic potential of Vb in wound healing, dermatitis, neuroprotection, and anti-cancer activities, which creates a need for developing novel formulations for their respective uses. Long-term toxicity studies and techniques for scaling up Vb production by biotechnological approaches should be emphasized.

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In recent years, severe climate change leading to by water scarcity reduced water quality has increased the need for effective irrigation strategies for agricultural production. Among these, the reuse of reclaimed water represents a non-expensive and reliable solution. The effect of conventional or reclaimed water, applying convention or smart fertigation system, were investigated during two irrigation seasons on yield, qualitative and biochemical traits of pomegranates fruit (cv Wonderful One) at harvest, and after storage at 7 °C. The results of this study showed that using reclaimed waters with different fertigation systems did not affect the pH values, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity on pomegranates fruit showing slight decrease changes only during postharvest storage. On the other hand, the respiration rate was not affected by water quality. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was also preserved during storage in pomegranates fruit from plants irrigated with reclaimed water by applying conventional or smart fertigation. The analysis also identified 52 compounds by UHPLC-MSn and HPLC-UV-Vis analyses. A slight decrease (about 17 %) at harvest and during storage in polyphenols content was shown in fruit grown using reclaimed water. The study demonstrates that using reclaimed water is a sustainable and effective way to limit the use of conventional water for irrigating pomegranate crops without significant reduction in yield, or in qualitative and nutritional values of the fruit at harvest and during storage.

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Stimuli activatable systems have the potential to deliver drugs to targeted areas by releasing therapeutic agents in response to diseased specific microenvironments such as the acidic environment commonly found in diseased tissues. This review article focuses on gossypol, a bioactive compound with inherent toxicity due to its formyl groups. It highlights the potential of imine-linked gossypol-based prodrugs and nanoparticle formulations for targeted delivery and controlled release. The unique presence of polyphenolic cores on gossypol can be utilized to prepare nanoparticles. This review offers valuable insights into designing safer and more effective drug delivery systems by elucidating the masking effect and stimuli-responsive release mechanisms. Numerous examples demonstrate the conversion of formyl groups to imines, creating prodrugs that mask reactive functionalities and offer pH-responsive release. This insight can guide the design of combination therapeutics, where a second drug with an amine terminal group can form imine-linked prodrugs. Additionally, the second part discusses the use of polyphenolic moieties to create stable nanoparticles from infinite polymeric networks. Through a comprehensive examination of gossypol's properties and applications, this review emphasizes the broader implications of such a masking strategy for optimizing the therapeutic benefits of many similar bioactive compounds while minimizing adverse effects.

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Green deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are widely used to extract bioactive components from plant biomass; however, hydrophilic DES and bioactive component isolation methods have not been developed. In this study, we synthesized hydrophilic DES (CL-CA-DES) using citric acid and choline chloride. We combined this with environmentally friendly anion- and cation-exchange resin column chromatographic isolation methods. This approach extracted and isolated four polyphenolic compounds (catechins, epicatechins, procyanidin B1, and procyanidin B2) from raspberry root and efficiently recovered the hydrophilic DES. CL-CA-DES extracted significantly higher contents of catechin and procyanidin B2 from raspberry root compared to other solvents. It also extracted substantially higher contents of epicatechin compared to butyl alcohol, 70% ethanol, and water, but there was no significant difference when compared with acetone and ethyl acetate. Additionally, CL-CA-DES extracted significantly higher contents of procyanidin B1 compared to butyl alcohol, water, and ethyl acetate, with no significant difference when compared with 70% ethanol and acetone. The isolation efficiency of the bioactive components in the raspberry root extract by anion- and cation-exchange resin column chromatography was higher than that of the organic solvent extraction and precipitation generation methods, and the method was effective in recovering CL-CA-DES with a recovery rate higher than 60%. In conclusion, this study developed a new method for the efficient recovery of hydrophilic CL-CA-DES, which can be used for isolating polyphenolic compounds from raspberry root.

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Stachys affinis Bunge, known as Chinese artichoke, is a perennial plant originating from China, which has uprising scientific interest due to its complex and beneficial content. Chinese artichoke is rich in bioactive compounds useful for human health, including antioxidants, polyphenols, and prebiotics, and its edible tubers are high in essential nutrients and dietary fiber. Studies show its potential as a functional food ingredient in various products like rice bars, bread, and chocolate, enhancing their nutritional and sensory properties. Additionally, Chinese artichoke exhibits significant anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antibacterial activities, warranting further research and utilization in the food industry. This review aims to summarize the existing knowledge of the S. affinis Bunge plant, focusing on its health-promoting aspects.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Cynara scolymus , Valor Nutritivo , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Cynara scolymus/química , Alimentos Funcionales/análisis , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Polifenoles/química , Polifenoles/farmacología

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German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is an essential oil- containing medicinal plant used worldwide. The aim of this study was to gain knowledge of the phytochemical composition and the analgesic and soporific activity of Matricaria chamomilla L. (German chamomile) flower extract and its amino acid preparations, to predict the mechanisms of their effects by molecular docking and to develop aqueous printing gels and novel 3D-printed oral dosage forms for the flower extracts. In total, 22 polyphenolic compounds and 14 amino acids were identified and quantified in the M. chamomilla extracts. In vivo animal studies with rodents showed that the oral administration of such extracts revealed the potential for treating of sleep disorders and diseases accompanied by pain. Amino acids were found to potentiate these effects. Glycine enhanced the analgesic activity the most, while lysine and ß-alanine improved the soporific activity. The molecular docking analysis revealed a high probability of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism and 5-lipoxygenase (LOX-5) inhibition by the extracts. A polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based gel composition with the M. chamomilla extracts was proposed for preparing a novel 3D-printed dosage form for oral administration. These 3D-printed extract preparations can be used, for example, in dietary supplement applications.

Asunto(s)

Aminoácidos , Flores , Matricaria , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Fitoquímicos , Extractos Vegetales , Impresión Tridimensional , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Matricaria/química , Aminoácidos/química , Flores/química , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Ratas , Analgésicos/química , Analgésicos/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for significant mortality rates globally that have been raised due to the limitation of the available treatments and prevalence of CVDs. The innovative research and identification of potential preventives for CVDs are essential to alleviate global deaths and complications. The marine environment is a rich source of bioactive substances and provides a unique chemical arsenal against numerous ailments due to its unrivaled biodiversity. Marine polyphenolic compounds (MPCs) are unique because of their structural variety and biologically significant activity. Further, MPCs are well-reported for their valuable biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and antioxidant, demonstrating encouraging results in preventing and treating CVDs. Therefore, investigation of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) between MPCs and CVDs provides insights that reveal how the structural components of these compounds affect their effectiveness. Further, comprehending this correlation is essential for advancing medications and nutraceuticals sourced from marine sources, which could transform the strategy for treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of existing research by emphasizing the role of MPCs in CVD treatments and evaluating the SAR between MPCs and CVDs with challenges and future directions.

Asunto(s)

Organismos Acuáticos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Polifenoles , Polifenoles/química , Polifenoles/uso terapéutico , Polifenoles/farmacología , Humanos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Organismos Acuáticos/química , Animales , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Cardiotónicos/farmacología , Cardiotónicos/uso terapéutico , Cardiotónicos/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico

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The present study focused on the impact of infection with the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Specifically, changes in phytochemicals and gene activity related to pathogenesis-related and phenylpropanoid pathway genes in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) during a period of 2-14 days post-inoculation (dpi). According to TEM investigation and coat protein sequence analysis, the purified TMV Egyptian AM isolate (PP133743) has a rod-shaped structure with a diameter of around 110 nm. The RT-qPCR analysis revealed that PR-1 showed an initial increase after TMV infection, as seen in the time-course analysis. In contrast, PR-2 was consistently elevated throughout the infection, suggesting a stronger reaction to the virus and suppressing PAL expression at 6 to 14 dpi. The expression levels of HQT and CHS transcripts exhibited alternating patterns of up-regulation and down-regulation at different time intervals. The HPLC and GC-MS analysis of control- and TMV-infected tomato extracts revealed that different phenolic, flavonoid, and fatty acid compounds were increased (such as naringenin, rutin, flavone, ferulic acid, and pyrogallol) or significantly decreased (such as salicylic acid and chlorogenic acid) after TMV infection. The ability of TMV to inhibit most polyphenolic compounds could potentially accelerate the viral life cycle. Consequently, focusing on enhancing the levels of such suppressed compounds may be critical for developing plant viral infection management strategies.

Asunto(s)

Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Solanum lycopersicum , Virus del Mosaico del Tabaco , Virus del Mosaico del Tabaco/fisiología , Solanum lycopersicum/virología , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Plantas/virología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Metabolismo Secundario , Flavonoides/metabolismo

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Morus plants played a pivotal role in ancient Chinese sericulture and silk production, which served as critical components of economy and culture. Besides, many parts of mulberry trees, including roots, leaves, stems, and fruits, hold various medicinal value, and have been utilized in traditional medicine for thousands of years. The chemical composition of mulberry has been reported in many literatures, while the characteristic compounds have not been systematically summarized. In this review, we focused on the polyphenolic compounds in mulberry, including flavonoids, 2-arylbenzofurans, and Diels-Alder (D-A) adducts, and summarized their structural features, structure-activity relationships, and potential biosynthetic pathways. The results revealed a characteristic class of 2'-hydroxylated flavonoids and stilbenes which played an important role in the biosynthesis of downstream 2-arylbenzofurans and D-A adducts in mulberry but had been overlooked by most studies. The prenylated modifications of different compounds were also discussed and their function as precursors of D-A adducts was emphasized. We also describe the effects of different modifications on biological activities. Besides, the chemical composition of Morus was most similar to that of Artocarpus in the Moraceae family in that they had almost identical characteristic compounds. Finally, a putative total biosynthetic pathway of D-A adducts in mulberry was proposed based on structure derivation and combination of verified reactions. This review contributes to the understanding of the biological activity and biosynthesis of the characteristic components of Morus plants.

Asunto(s)

Vías Biosintéticas , Morus , Fitoquímicos , Polifenoles , Morus/química , Polifenoles/química , Estructura Molecular , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/biosíntesis , Benzofuranos/química , Estilbenos/química , Estilbenos/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad

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The demand for bioactive secondary metabolites of natural origin is increasing every day. Micropropagation could be a strategy to respond more quickly to market demands, regardless of seasonality. This research aims to evaluate in vitro-grown plants of two hop varieties, namely Columbus and Magnum, as a potential source of bioactive compounds. The extracts were characterized in terms of total phenolic content by a Folin-Ciocalteu assay and antioxidant capacity by DPPH•, ABTS+, and FRAP assays. The bioactive compound profile of the extracts from both varieties was determined by using UPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS. The results confirmed richness in (poly)phenols and other secondary metabolites of the in vitro-grown hop plantlets. Thirty-two compounds belonging to the major families of phytochemicals characteristic of the species were identified, and twenty-six were quantified, mainly flavonoids, including xanthohumol and isoxanthohumol, phenolic acids, as well as α- and ß-acids. This study confirms the validity of in vitro-derived hop plantlets as source of bioactive compounds to be used in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and food industries.

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The present paper explores the biological potential of bioactive compounds present in wine industry wastes, highlighting their valorization to promote sustainability and circular economy. Wine by-products, such as grape pomace and vine shoots, contain a high concentration of polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and other phytochemicals with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties. Both conventional extraction methods, such as solid-liquid extraction, and emerging technologies, including enzyme-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, high-hydrostatic-pressure extraction, and deep natural solvent-assisted extraction (NaDES), are discussed. In addition, the preservation of polyphenolic extracts by microencapsulation, a key technique to improve the stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds, is addressed. The combination of advanced extraction methods and innovative preservation techniques offers a promising perspective for the valorization of bioactive compounds from wine residues, driving sustainability and innovation in the industry.

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Chemical residues in food pose health risks such as cancer and liver issues. This has driven the search for safer natural alternatives to synthetic fungicides and preservatives. The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of the essential oils (EO), determine the polyphenolic contents, and evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and antifungal activities of methanol extracts (ME), essential oils (EO), and powders from Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) and Thymus ciliatus (Desf) Benth. (thyme) from the M'sila region, Algeria. The chemical composition of the EOs was determined by GC-MS. R. officinalis EO was composed of 31 components, mainly camphor (41.22%), camphene (18.14%), and α-pinene (17.49%); T. ciliatus EO was composed of 58 components, mainly, in percentage, α-pinene (22.18), myrcene (13.13), ß-pinene (7.73), ß-caryophyllene (10.21), and germacrene D (9.90). The total phenols and flavonoids were determined spectrophotometrically, and the rosemary ME was found to possess the highest polyphenolic content (127.1 ± 2.40 µg GAE/mg), while the thyme ME had the highest flavonoid content (48.01 ± 0.99 µg QE/mg). The antioxidant activity was assessed using three methods: rosemary ME was the most potent, followed by DPPH (IC50 = 13.43 ± 0.14 µg/mL), ß-carotene/linoleic acid (IC50 = 39.01 ± 2.16 µg/mL), and reducing power (EC50 = 15.03 ± 1.43 µg/mL). Antifungal activity was assessed for 32 pathogenic and foodborne fungi. Four methods were applied to the solid medium. Incorporating the powdered plant into the culture medium (at 10%) reduced the fungal growth to greater than 50% in 21.88% and 6.25% of all fungal isolates, for R. officinalis and T. ciliatus, respectively. The ME, applied by the well diffusion method (0.1 g/mL), was less effective. Different concentrations of EO were tested. Incorporating the EO into the culture medium (1500 µL/L) inhibited 50% of the molds to levels of 50 and 75% for R. officinalis and T. ciliatus, respectively, with the complete inhibition of four fungi. Fumigated EO (15 µL) inhibited 65% of the molds to levels of 65 and 81.25% for R. officinalis and T. ciliatus, respectively, with the complete inhibition of five fungi. There was little to no sporulation in conjunction with the inhibition. Our results revealed some of the potential of the studied plants to fight foodborne molds and presented their promising characteristics as a source of alternatives to chemical pesticides and synthetic preservatives. Further studies are needed to find adequate application techniques in the food safety area.

Asunto(s)

Antifúngicos , Antioxidantes , Aceites Volátiles , Extractos Vegetales , Rosmarinus , Thymus (Planta) , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/química , Thymus (Planta)/química , Rosmarinus/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Monoterpenos Bicíclicos/farmacología , Monoterpenos Bicíclicos/química , Metanol/química , Polvos , Monoterpenos Acíclicos/farmacología , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Monoterpenos/análisis , Monoterpenos/química , Alcanfor/farmacología , Alcanfor/análisis , Alcanfor/química , Alquenos

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Wood chips contain numerous active compounds that can affect the wine's characteristics. They are commonly used in red grape wines, whisky, cherry and brandy, but in fruit wines, production is not typically utilised. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of an oak barrel ageing with the effect of the addition of chips made from various types of wood (oak, maple, cherry, apple) and with various degrees of toasting to the apple wines on their antioxidant, oenological and sensory properties. The oenological parameters, the polyphenols content, antioxidant activity and content of volatile odour-active compounds were assessed. It was shown that ageing in the presence of wood chips had a less noticeable effect on the oenological and sensory parameters of the wine than barrel ageing. Moreover, wood chips used did not significantly affect the acidity, alcohol and extract content of apple wines. Wines aged in the presence of oak chips (particularly lightly toasted) exhibited the greatest increase in polyphenols, while the polyphenol content of wines aged in the presence of other chips was not dependent on their toasting degree. The ageing of fruit wines with wood chips influences the volatile profile and the olfactory sensations, which can improve their quality.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Malus , Odorantes , Polifenoles , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles , Vino , Madera , Vino/análisis , Malus/química , Madera/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/análisis , Polifenoles/análisis , Polifenoles/química , Odorantes/análisis , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/química , Frutas/química

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An increasing resistance of microbes to antibiotics, the emergence of multidrug-resistant and extremely resistant strains, and the long time needed to develop new antibiotics are driving the search for additional sources of antibacterial agents. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of Czech honeys with already available pharmaceutical agents containing medicinal honey, and to perform basic biochemical analysis of Czech samples, including detection of undesirable chemical substances. The results showed strong antibacterial activity of Czech honeydew honeys compared to the control group, especially against G+ pathogens, with an average MIC of 9.44% compared to 17.54%, and comparable activity against G- of 16.48% versus 16.66%. In addition to the strong antibacterial activity, this study confirmed the safety and quality of Czech honeys and helped to select the character of a possible source for in vivo testing and subsequent clinical trials.