RESUMEN

The concept of a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of osteochondrosis in elderly and senile patients by specialists of various profiles using medicinal and non-medicinal methods is especially relevant today, therefore, it is necessary to develop and put into practice various options for the combined use of physical rehabilitation means at different stages of rehabilitation treatment of elderly and senile patients with osteochondrosis of the cervical and thoracic spine. The dynamics of clinical manifestations of osteochondrosis after rehabilitation treatment relative to the age of patients in groups showed that the effectiveness of the technique is much higher in elderly patients, in contrast to senile patients and centenarians. The study revealed no significant complications and side effects when using this technique, which allows us to recommend it as a means of secondary prevention of diseases of the cervical and thoracic osteochondrosis, especially in the presence of contraindications to the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids. The technique can be recommended for use in fitness clubs, athletic halls and medical and physical education dispensaries.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The main and most frequently used means of physical rehabilitation for osteochondrosis of the cervical and thoracic spine is motor rehabilitation. The goals of physical rehabilitation of persons suffering from osteochondrosis are to strengthen the muscles of the back, reduce the load on the intervertebral discs, improve blood circulation, restore a normal motor stereotype and, as a result, reduce pain. The use of means of motor rehabilitation is scientifically substantiated, the mechanisms of their effect on the functional state of the body have been studied, and the effectiveness of their use is beyond doubt. However, the lack of multidisciplinary programs, at the heart of rehabilitation measures specifically for elderly and senile people with osteochondrosis of the cervical and thoracic spine, in practice leads to the widespread use of drug and targeted therapy, involving the use of only drugs that reduce pain and muscle tension. The lack of an individual approach, group exercises for physical therapy, handing out to patients advertising brochures, schemes for physical therapy, without practicing exercises in practical classes, lead to negative consequences and relapses of diseases and a negative attitude of patients towards the discipline as a whole. In this regard, it is necessary to develop and introduce into practice various complexes of physiotherapy exercises for elderly and senile patients with osteochondrosis of the cervical and thoracic spine.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The main task in the rehabilitation of athletes with traumatic injuries of the knee joint and surrounding soft tissues is effective and painless recovery at all stages of treatment. The aim of this work is to introduce a set of physical exercises for the treatment and prevention of traumatic injuries of the knee joint in middle-aged and elderly patients at the third stage of rehabilitation treatment (ICD-10: S80-S89). To date, there is no single regulated program for the management of middle-aged and elderly patients at the outpatient stage. The article describes the third stage of the organization of medical rehabilitation assistance in the late rehabilitation period, the period of residual symptoms of the course of the disease, without relapses. Physical exercises, presented in this complex, give the patient independence in everyday life in the implementation of self-service, independent movement, in the presence of the prospect of restoration of function (rehabilitation potential) confirmed by the results of the examination. The proposed technique was tested on 148 patients who underwent all 3 stages of rehabilitation treatment, in whom the duration of remission was 12-36 months.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Traumatic injuries of the knee joint of middle and elderly age account for the majority of injuries of the lower limb. There is a large number of developments in the rehabilitation of the knee joint after injuries, but unified approaches to the rehabilitation algorithm have not been formed. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of a set of physical exercises for the treatment and prevention of traumatic injuries of the knee joint in middle-aged and elderly patients (ICD-10: S80-S89). The claimed complex has been tested in 148 patients in whom the duration of remission was 12-36 months. The early use of physical exercises for injuries of the knee joint in middle-aged and elderly people is associated, first of all, with the anticipation of probable complications, stimulation of compensatory-adaptive reactions of the activity of organs and systems of the body.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The review discusses the modern possibilities of non-drug rehabilitation of patients with osteoporosis. Osteopenia (osteoporosis) and osteoporosis-associated bone fractures are a global public health problem, and an intensive search is undergoing for new methods of treatment, prevention, diagnosis and screening of this disease. Innovative technologies for influencing bone remodeling using vibration training seem to be an effective method that allows you to simultaneously positively affect maintaining bone density, increasing muscle strength and improving coordination, especially in elderly patients. The evolution of study of the effects of intense neuromuscular stimulation under accelerated physical exertion, which began with fundamental work on experimental animals, now includes numerous clinical studies. Vibrational physical activity is one of the methods of biomechanical stimulation, which is considered as an innovative method in the field of rehabilitation and physiotherapy. The physiological basis of this effect is intensive neuromuscular stimulation, which causes a reflex reaction of skeletal muscles. This scientific review describes the results of both monotherapy and combined methods of exposure to vibrational stimulation using modern pharmacotherapy. Attention is focused on the positions of importance in the design of the study and the planning of rehabilitation programs of uniformly accelerated training.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Rehabilitation programs play an important role in improving the quality of life of patients with balance disorders. Such programs are usually executed in a home environment, due to lack of resources. This procedure usually results in poorly performed exercises or even complete drop outs from the programs, as the patients lack guidance and motivation. This paper introduces a novel system for managing balance disorders in a home environment using a virtual coach for guidance, instruction, and inducement. The proposed system comprises sensing devices, augmented reality technology, and intelligent inference agents, which capture, recognize, and evaluate a patient's performance during the execution of exercises. More specifically, this work presents a home-based motion capture and assessment module, which utilizes a sensory platform to recognize an exercise performed by a patient and assess it. The sensory platform comprises IMU sensors (Mbientlab MMR© 9axis), pressure insoles (Moticon©), and a depth RGB camera (Intel D415©). This module is designed to deliver messages both during the performance of the exercise, delivering personalized notifications and alerts to the patient, and after the end of the exercise, scoring the overall performance of the patient. A set of proof of concept validation studies has been deployed, aiming to assess the accuracy of the different components for the sub-modules of the motion capture and assessment module. More specifically, Euler angle calculation algorithm in 2D (R 2 = 0.99) and in 3D (R 2 = 0.82 in yaw plane and R 2 = 0.91 for the pitch plane), as well as head turns speed (R 2 = 0.96), showed good correlation between the calculated and ground truth values provided by experts' annotations. The posture assessment algorithm resulted to accuracy = 0.83, while the gait metrics were validated against two well-established gait analysis systems (R 2 = 0.78 for double support, R 2 = 0.71 for single support, R 2 = 0.80 for step time, R 2 = 0.75 for stride time (WinTrack©), R 2 = 0.82 for cadence, and R 2 = 0.79 for stride time (RehaGait©). Validation results provided evidence that the proposed system can accurately capture and assess a physiotherapy exercise within the balance disorders context, thus providing a robust basis for the virtual coaching ecosystem and thereby improve a patient's commitment to rehabilitation programs while enhancing the quality of the performed exercises. In summary, virtual coaching can improve the quality of the home-based rehabilitation programs as long as it is combined with accurate motion capture and assessment modules, which provides to the virtual coach the capacity to tailor the interaction with the patient and deliver personalized experience.

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: In paraplegic patients, chances of fragility fractures increase in view of disuse osteopenia. Theoretically, if a non-optimal force or torque is applied during passive manipulation or physiotherapy, fractures can occur in such patients. We present such a curious case of a pathological fracture of proximal femur wherein the patient heard a click during his daily routine of passive joint mobilization. CASE REPORT: A 31-years-old paraplegic male suffered a subtrochanteric femur fracture as an innocuous injury during his physiotherapy and range of motion (ROM) exercises. He had osteopenia that resulted in this fragility fracture. He was managed with an intramedullary nail, and medical management was done for osteopenia. CONCLUSION: Fragility fractures can occur during passive ROM exercises that require vigilance on the part of the physiotherapists and attendants. Unnecessary forceful movements should be avoided.