RESUMEN
Based on a profound examination and evaluation of archival materials, the paper reconstructs the lives of eighteen pharmacists - members of the Czech-Moravian Capuchin Province from the 17th to the 19th century, of which sixteen served as monastic pharmacists. In addition to the identified biographical data (based on archival materials), the Latin summary reports on the life of a particular capuchin on the occasion of his death (the so-called elogia) from the Capuchin Provincial Chronicle (Annales capucinorum) are edited, together with their commented Czech translation. The discovered data allow a deeper insight into the pharmaceutical history of the Czech-Moravian Capuchin Province, where three monastic pharmacies were operated in Brno, Prague in Hradčany and Olomouc, and also a monastic pharmaceutical study was established. The published material also provides some new data on contemporary pharmaceutical practice, which are set in the context of literature. The paper illustrates the transfer of knowledge between the world of secular and monastic pharmacy at the places where future monastic pharmacists received their education (the pharmacies “The White Eagle” in Karlovy Vary, the pharmacy of brothers hospitallers in Prostějov, “The Golden Eagle” in Opava, “The White Unicorn” in the Old Town of Prague). The paper also highlights the intensive involvement of monastic pharmacists in the management of plague epidemics in the years 1680-1713 (often at the cost of their own lives), as well as the above-standard proximity to the patients in monastic hospitals in carrying out routine nursing and pharmacy practice. The paper adds sharper contours to the image of the pharmacist at that time by detailing the life stories of individual pharmacists (e.g., the previous career as a military surgeon and the iconographic circumstances of death, or the career extension in the form of participation in the order meetings in Rome). Analysis of the preserved manuscript Annotationes medicae Fr. Absolonis from the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries not only introduces an interesting pharmaceutical memorabilia, but also illustrates the professional maturation of the last Capuchin pharmacist. In the final part of the paper, the data about twenty-two pharmacists who unsuccessfully tried to join the Capuchin Order are given. It not only demonstrates admission practice in the Capuchin order, in which spiritual interest outweighed the practical, but also bears witness to other pharmaceutical phenomena of the time, such as the fate of the pharmacist from the abolished Jesuit Order or the development of pharmacy in the Carthusian monastery in Valdice.
Asunto(s)
Historia de la Farmacia , Farmacéuticos/historia , República Checa , Historia del Siglo XVII , Historia del Siglo XVIII , Historia del Siglo XIX , HumanosRESUMEN
At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, when pharmacy was established as a modern scientific discipline, pharmacists played an important role in spreading the latest discoveries in the field of chemistry, being virtually the only established representatives of the field. The article focuses on a mutually enriching dialogue between the prominent personality of the time - the poet, writer and statesman, as well as the scientist - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and the major representatives of the pharmacy of that time, especially J. R. Spielmann, W. H. Buchholz, J. F. Göttling, and J. W. Döbereiner. Goethe, who has been deeply interested in chemistry all over his life, has found his teachers of chemistry and co-workers in this field among the pharmacists and, in return, has provided them with an extraordinary support for the realization of their scientific and professional interests. This cooperation is illustrated by the solution of the mysterious method of poisoning described in the ancient literature, on which the poet collaborated with J. W. Döbereiner. Attention is also paid to the reflection of pharmacy in Goethe's work (Hermann und Dorothea, Faust). The poet's numerous stays in Bohemia, where he spent more than three years of his life, naturally brought him into contact with a number of pharmacists of the Czech Kingdom.
Asunto(s)
Historia de la Farmacia , Farmacéuticos , Alemania , Historia del Siglo XVIII , Historia del Siglo XIX , HumanosRESUMEN
During some 150 years in the 17th and 18th centuries the network of convents with hospitals and pharmacies run by the Brothers Hospitallers was established in the Czech Lands. At that time the members of the Order made use of quite a large amount of early modern European health literature. Although the need of those books was closely connected with the main mission of the Order, their position in convents was marginal at the beginning and depended on the personality of individual friars. For a long time, the Czech Brothers Hospitallers were forced to use second-hand literature (even from the 16th century) which was not replaced by new volumes until the moment when the convents overcame the "birth pangs" of the founding years (end of the 18th century). The study deals with the facts that are mentioned above on the basis of the hitherto ignored archive sources coming from Prague, Kuks, Nové Město nad Metují, Prostějov, and Vizovice. Key words: brothers hospitallers pharmaceutical literature medical literature 17th century 18th century history of libraries pharmaceutical history.