RESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study investigated the relationships among intolerance of uncertainty (IU), social anxiety (SA), rumination, and pessimistic explanatory style (PES) in a sample of college students. METHODS: Questionnaires were completed by 533 college students. RESULTS: Rumination partially mediated the relationship between IU and SA, and PES plays an important role in moderating the direct path (IUâSA) and the first part of the mediation process. When the PES is low, IU predicts SA less strongly but is related to rumination. Conversely, IU in individuals with a high PES predicts SA more directly. CONCLUSION: Rumination plays a mediating role between IU and SA, and the PES moderates the direct path and the first stage of the mediation model.
RESUMEN
Highly optimistic explanatory style (HOES) and highly pessimistic explanatory style (HPES) are two maladaptive ways to explain the world and may have roots in attachment insecurity. The current study aims to explore the effects of security priming - activating supportive representations of attachment security - on ameliorating these maladaptive explanatory styles. 57 participants with HOES and 57 participants with HPES were randomized into security priming and control conditions. Their scores of overall optimistic attribution were measured before and after priming. Security priming had a moderating effect: the security primed HOES group exhibited lower optimistic attribution, while the security primed HPES group evinced higher scores of optimistic attribution. Furthermore, the security primed HOES group attributed positive outcomes more externally, while the security primed HPES group attributed successful results more internally. The results support the application of security priming interventions on maladaptive explanatory styles. Its potential mechanism and directions for future study are also discussed.
RESUMEN
El estilo explicativo pesimista y las dificultades de interacción social han sido asociados con un incremento de los síntomas depresivos durante la adolescencia. Para disminuir esta sintomatología, se han propuesto algunos programas de entrenamiento centrados en la modificación de uno o ambos elementos. En este estudio se pretende valorar la eficacia de un programa de entrenamiento para fomentar el estilo explicativo optimista y mejorarlas habilidades comunicativas. Los participantes han sido 38 adolescentes (19 chicos y 19 chicas), con edades entre 14 y 17 años (M igual 14.93; D.T. igual 0.87). La mitad fue asignada al azar a un grupo de tratamiento y la otra mitad a un grupo de control de lista de espera. El programa produjo una disminución en los síntomas depresivos (p menor que .001), así como una mejora en la satisfacción con la vida (p menor que .001) y las habilidades de interacción con otros adolescentes (p menor que .01). También se detecta el aumento del tamaño del efecto entre el grupo tratamiento y el grupo control, a favor del primero. Los resultados confirman el beneficio de aplicar programas de entrenamiento centrados en estos componentes para reducir los síntomas depresivos en los adolescentes.
Pessimistic explanatory style and difficulties in social interaction have been associated with an increase of depressive symptoms during adolescence. Some training programs, focused on the modification of one or both factors, have been proposed to decrease such symptoms. This study examines the efficacy of a training program focused on both optimistic explanatory style and communication skills for this population. Thirty-eight adolescents (19 males an 19 females) aged between 14 and 17 (M same 14.93; D.T. same 0.87) were randomly assigned to a treatment group half or a control group 50 half. The intervention program produced both a decrease of depressive symptoms (p smaller than.001), and an increase of satisfaction with life (p smaller than .001) and the interaction skills with other adolescents (p smaller than .01). In addition, effects size differences between both groups (treatment and control group) increased at post-treatment compared to pre-treatment. In conclusion, this training program shows to be effective in reducing depressive symptoms in adolescents.