RESUMEN
Resumen: Introducción: la administración de líquidos representa una intervención terapéutica de primera línea. Sin embargo, con frecuencia esto conduce a sobrecarga de líquidos, lo que se asocia con alta mortalidad. Objetivo: describir la asociación del edema periférico medido por ultrasonido con el balance hídrico acumulado diario y comparar su correlación con el signo de Godet. Material y métodos: pacientes adultos que ingresaron a la unidad de terapia intensiva (UTI) con más de 24 h de estancia y datos clínicos de sobrecarga hídrica. Diseño: es un estudio observacional, prospectivo, longitudinal, simple ciego, piloto. Cálculo de muestra n = 72 pacientes. Resultados: la mediana de edad fue de 45 años, 96.6% estuvo con ventilación mecánica, todos los pacientes presentaron desenlace en el análisis multivariado ajustado y se detectó que hay asociación del signo de Godet con la medición del edema por ultrasonido, observando una fuerte correlación explicada por una R2 87% p = 0.0001. Por último, se realizó otra regresión de los mililitros del balance hídrico acumulado asociada con los milímetros del edema medidos por ultrasonido, encontrando una R2 82% (IC 95% 1.47-3.70 p = 0.0001) interpretado como una fuerte asociación. Conclusiones: el signo de Godet se asoció fuertemente con los milímetros del edema medido por ultrasonido, además tiene una fuerte asociación entre el balance de líquido acumulado por día con los milímetros de edema que se incrementan en el tejido periférico por sobrecarga al día.
Abstract: Introduction: the administration of fluids represents a first-line therapeutic intervention. However, this often leads to fluid overload, which is associated with high mortality. Objective: to describe the association of peripheral edema measured by ultrasound with daily accumulated water balance and to compare its correlation with Godet's sign. Material and methods: adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit with more than 24 hours of stay and clinical data of fluid overload. Design: this is an observational, prospective, longitudinal, single-blind, pilot study. Sample calculation n = 72 patients. Results: the median age was 45 years, 96.6% were on mechanical ventilation, all patients presented their outcome in the adjusted multivariate analysis, and it was found that there is an association of Godet's sign with the measurement of edema by ultrasound, finding a strong correlation explained by an R2 87% p = 0.0001. Finally, another regression of milliliters of accumulated water balance associated with milliliters of edema measured by ultrasound was performed, finding an R2 82% (95% CI 1.47-3.70 p = 0.0001) interpreted as a strong association. Conclusions: Godet's sign was strongly associated with the millimeters of edema measured by ultrasound; it also has a strong association between the balance of fluid accumulated per day with the millimeters of edema that increase in the peripheral tissue due to overload per day.
Resumo: Introdução: a administração de fluidos representa uma intervenção terapêutica de primeira linha. No entanto, isso freqüentemente leva à sobrecarga hidríca, que está associada a alta mortalidade. Objetivo: descrever a associação do edema periférico medido pela ultrassonografia com o balanço hídrico diário acumulado e comparar sua correlação com o sinal de Godet. Material e métodos: pacientes adultos admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) com mais de 24 horas de internação e com quadro clínico de sobrecarga hídrica. Desenho: é um estudo observacional, prospectivo, longitudinal, simples-cego, piloto. Cálculo amostra n = 72 pacientes. Resultados: a idade média foi de 45 anos, 96.6% estavam em ventilação mecânica, todos os pacientes apresentaram seu desfecho na análise multivariada ajustada e constatou-se que há associação do sinal de Godet com a medida do edema pela ultrassonografia, encontrando forte correlação explicado por um R2 87% p = 0.0001. Finalmente, realizou-se outra regressão dos mililitros de balanço hídrico acumulado associado aos milímetros de edema medidos por ultrassom, encontrando um R2 82% (IC 95% 1.47-3.70 p = 0.0001) interpretado como uma forte associação. Conclusões: o sinal de Godet foi fortemente associado com os milímetros de edema medidos por ultrassom, também tem forte associação entre o balanço hídrico acumulado por dia com os milímetros de edema que aumentam nos tecidos periféricos devido à sobrecarga por dia.
RESUMEN
Impairment of the myogenic response can affect capillary hydrostatic pressure and contribute to peripheral edema and exercise intolerance, which are markers of heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of exercise training (ET) on myogenic response in skeletal muscle resistance arteries and peripheral edema in HF rats, focusing on the potential signaling pathways involved in these adjustments. Male Wistar rats were submitted to either coronary artery occlusion or a sham-operated surgery. After 4 wk, an exercise test was performed, and the rats were divided into the following groups: untrained normal control (UNC) and untrained HF (UHF) and exercise- trained (on treadmill, 50-60% of maximal capacity) NC (TNC) and exercise-trained HF (THF). Caudal tibial artery (CTA) myogenic response was impaired in UHF compared with UNC, and ET restored this response in THF to NC levels and increased it in TNC. Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor abolished CTA myogenic response in the untrained and blunted it in exercise-trained groups. CTA-stored calcium (Ca2+) mobilization was higher in exercise-trained rats compared with untrained rats. The paw volume was higher in UHF rats, and ET decreased this response compared with UNC. Myogenic constriction was positively correlated with maximal running distance and negatively correlated with paw volume. The results demonstrate, for the first time, that HF impairs the myogenic response in skeletal muscle arteries, which contributes to peripheral edema in this syndrome. ET restores the myogenic response in skeletal muscle arteries improving Ca2+ sensitization and handling. Additionally, this paradigm also improves peripheral edema and exercise intolerance. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The novel and main finding of the present study is that moderate intensity exercise training restores the impaired myogenic response of skeletal muscle resistance arteries, exercise intolerance and peripheral edema in rats with heart failure. These results also show for the first time to our knowledge that exercise training improving calcium sensitization through the ROCK pathway and enhancing intracellular calcium handling could contribute to restoration of flow autoregulation to skeletal muscle in heart failure.