RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Mental health (MH) conditions are among the most common chronic health conditions in the United States. Previous studies suggested decreased in life satisfaction post-COVID-19 in other populations outside the United States. This study explored the correlations between life satisfaction and MH among diverse community post-COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional, non-experimental, retrospective study. The primary outcome was the Satisfaction with Life Scale total score (SWLS_TS) and the characteristics of the cases from self-reported information. Statistical software SPSS was used for descriptive and inferential analyses. RESULTS: About 218 cases were included for analysis. Many of the cases were Asian Americans (n = 185, 84.1%). The multiple linear regression model significantly predicted 5.2% of the variance in SWLS_TS. Three out of 6 predictors significantly contributed to the model (age ß = .172, t = 2.42, P = .017, ethnicity ß = .148, t = 2.07, P = .039, and no history of MH ß = .248, t = 3.31, P = .001). CONCLUSION: A diverse population was examined post-COVID-19 pandemic, and the findings suggest a positive correlation with age, ethnicity, and no history of MH with SWLS_TS.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

This article describes a community collaborative project, "I've got yer back," that utilized the craft of needle felting to raise awareness and develop understanding of the anatomy of the human spine. The project took place in 2023 and engaged with participants from across the United Kingdom and abroad and its completion was timed to coincide with National Back Health Awareness week in October 2023. We describe the process of creating a vertebra using needle felt and examine how the particularities of the process and the use of the sense of touch helped participants notice and understand the complex form of the human vertebra. We consider how the project encompassed creative processes of hands-on learning to enhance knowledge about this aspect of human anatomy. We discuss how the project evolved to include public and academic participation in a shared goal and argue for the effectiveness of seemingly simple and straightforward art or craft workshops in teaching relatively complex science. The article includes detailed feedback from participants who reflect on the process of learning through making and how it went on to affect individuals in very different, and sometimes very personal, ways.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Anatomy Camp is a medical student-run program for underserved youth from communities near the university. Middle and high school students are invited to visit the medical school for an afternoon of interacting with medical students, informal learning of anatomy and wellness, and becoming inspired to consider medical and STEM professions.

RESUMEN

Incorporation of radiology training into anatomy education from community college to health professional schools is becoming increasingly popular. However, anatomy educators generally lack training in common radiology modalities, including X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound. Professional development or continuing education courses provide current and new educators the chance to gain new skills within a short timeframe. Here, a 2-day, online course for anatomy educators was created. The goals of which were for the participants: to gain basic knowledge of different radiology modalities, recognize normal radiographic images, and apply that information to common diseases or injuries in interactive case studies. Each day focused on different modalities, where Day 1 studied X-ray, CT, and MRI; and Day 2 studied Ultrasound. A 10-question pre- and post-test was taken by attendees for each day of instruction on a voluntary basis. Following the completion of the course, attendees were provided a survey to determine their perceptions on course content and knowledge acquired. Most attendees instructed undergraduates at 4-year universities, though several attendees came from community colleges and high schools. All attendees showed a significant improvement in knowledge from their pre- to post-test scores in X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound following training. This was also reflected in their survey responses, where attendees felt the course was effective in increasing their knowledge and confidence in radiology. Overall, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of online continuing education courses and the need for more introductory radiology courses for anatomy educators.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Anatomy laboratories can provide rich opportunities for outreach to K-12 and college students interested in pursuing careers in health, medicine, or science. At the University of Missouri, the Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences has designed flexible, one-hour interactive sessions that typically cover basic anatomical concepts using whole-body donors. In order to evaluate whether short-duration programs were impactful in increasing enthusiasm for anatomy and the health professions sciences, we used mixed methods to study participant experience covering three topics: (1) enthusiasm for anatomy, (2) interest in pursuing a career in healthcare professions, and (3) perception of the importance of whole-body donation. The same questions were asked pre- and post-session, and the post-session survey had additional questions related to student satisfaction. Quantitative analyses showed an increased interest in anatomy and appreciation for whole-body donation following the session. Students also perceived that they had a better understanding of the body and what it would be like to attend a health professions school. Thematic analysis revealed an appreciation for contextualizing the size, position, and hands-on feel of anatomical structures, and emphasized that students felt that they understood the body better after having seen a donor's anatomy. This work shows that short-duration, flexible outreach sessions involving whole-body donors can provide students with a rare opportunity to confirm their contextual understanding of anatomy, and provide students with an authentic, and humanistic experience.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Comprehensive cleft care is a multidisciplinary team endeavor. While untreated craniofacial conditions have multiple undue repercussions, cleft care in outreach settings can be fraught with significant perioperative morbidity risks. AIM: Propose updated quality assurance standards addressing logistic and operational considerations essential for the delivery of safe and effective cleft lip and /or palate (CL/P) care in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) settings. METHODS: Based on American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association (ACPA) quality standards, published literature, published protocols by Global Smile Foundation (GSF), and the senior author's three-decade experience, updated standards for outreach cleft care were synthesized. RESULTS: Ten axes for safe, effective, and sustainable cleft lip and palate care delivery in underserved settings were generated: 1) site assessment, 2) establishment of community partnerships, 3) team composition and credentialing, 4) team training and mission preparation, 5) implementation of quality assurance guidelines, operative safety checklists, and emergency response protocols, 6) immediate and long-term postoperative care, 7) medical record keeping, 8) outcomes evaluation, 9) education, and 10) capacity building and sustainability. Subsequent analysis further characterized essential components of each of those ten axes to delineate experience derived and evidence-based recommendations. DISCUSSION: Quality assurance guidelines are essential for the safe delivery of comprehensive cleft care to patients with CL/P in any setting. Properly designed surgical outreach programs relying on honest community partnerships can be effectively used as vehicles for local capacity building and the establishment of sustainable cleft care ecosystems.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION:  Many medical students' initial experience obtaining a history from a pediatric patient happens in their clerkship years. There is a shift in medical education to provide early clinical experiences to train physicians. To increase the exposure to pediatric history in the pre-clinical years, we developed this simulation-based session involving students in their second year of medical school. They are tasked with eliciting a history from a baby provided by a teenager who functions both as a standardized patient (SP) and the parent of the infant. Our goal was to have second-year medical students learn and practice interviewing an adolescent while obtaining history about an infant to assist in the transition to Year three Pediatric clerkship. APPROACH:  Collaborating with the Office of Diversity at our medical school, we recruited students registered in medical academies in public middle and high schools in our county and asked them to be part of this simulation-based activity. A majority of these medical academy students are underrepresented in medicine (URiM). The students functioned as SPs for pre-clerkship medical students while gaining exposure to a career in medicine and the medical school environment. The medical students obtained a history, with faculty providing formative feedback, followed by documentation of the encounter. OUTCOMES:  Medical students felt they gained skills to communicate with caregivers of pediatric patients. They also practiced the skill of eliciting a pediatric history from an infant whose parent is a teenager. The middle and high school students that functioned as SPs gained a better appreciation for the medical education system and felt that the experience was valuable for all parties involved. DISCUSSION:  This session exposed pre-clerkship medical students to the nuances of eliciting a pediatric history from pediatric caregivers while also engaging URiM from middle and high school in the medical education process. This session could be used at other institutions to expand diversity in the medical field while also providing pre-clerkship medical students with pediatric experiences.  This article was previously presented as an oral presentation at the AAMC Group on Education Affairs (GEA) Virtual Regional Spring Meeting on April 21, 2021.

RESUMEN

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in the United States. It is characterized by increased patient morbidity and mortality due to the many complications that can arise. Certain dermatological findings can be indicative of poorly controlled DM and can be a useful clue to further management. Persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) with DM often have higher rates of diabetic complications than the general diabetic population. Medical providers caring for PEH in the setting of limited resources should carefully evaluate cutaneous disease as a potential indicator of underlying illness. This physical manifestation of illness can serve to guide the next appropriate steps in management. A 41-year-old unsheltered male with an extensive medical history of hypertension, seizures, chronic diarrhea, and cocaine use was seen at a "foot-washing" medical outreach event. He presented with fevers, chills, and multiple painless right lower extremity ulcerated lesions of unspecified origin. A finger-stick glucose measurement was found to be 650 mg/dL. After immediate administration of 10 units of insulin, he was transported immediately to the emergency department and admitted. His month-long hospital course was complicated and involved the amputation of multiple toes. Preemptive outreach and management could have prevented the marked deterioration of his disease and represents the importance of outreach and regular follow-up with the PEH community.

RESUMEN

Recent studies have shown that relatively few MD, DO, and underrepresented in medicine (URM) students and physicians are matching into pathology residency in the United States (US). In the 2021 Main Residency Match, just 33.6% of filled pathology residency positions were taken by senior year students at US allopathic medical schools. This has been attributed to the fact that pathology is not a required rotation in most US medical schools, pathology is often taught in an integrated curriculum in the US where is does not stand out as a distinct field, and because the COVID-19 pandemic led to a suspension of in-person pathology rotations and electives. Ultimately, many US medical students fail to consider pathology as a career pathway. The objective of this article is to provide medical students with basic information, in the form of frequently asked questions (FAQs), about pathology training and career opportunities. This was accomplished by forming a team of MD and DO pathology attendings, pathology trainees, and a medical student from multiple institutions to create a pathology guide for medical students. This guide includes information about post-sophomore fellowships, 5 major pathology residency tracks, more than 20 fellowship pathways, and allopathic and osteopathic board examinations. This guide also contains photographs and descriptions of major pathology sub-specialties, including the daily and on-call duties and responsibilities of pathology residents. The exciting future of pathology is also discussed. This guide supports the agenda of the College of American Pathologists' (CAP) Pathologist Pipeline Initiative to improve student recruitment into pathology.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Medical School Outreach Programming provides value to medical schools and the community by: (1) fulfilling medical school accreditation requirements, (2) creating pipelines to promote diversity in future healthcare professionals, and (3) providing medical students with opportunities for extracurricular community-level engagement. An Outreach Program initiated at a U.S. community-based medical school provides a medical student-led model with primary goals of improving college candidacy and healthcare career representation for underserved and under-represented minorities in the United States. The Outreach Program also promotes the personal growth and education of medical students.

RESUMEN

Museums are used in every discipline to collect, classify, and present information for scientific purposes. They also serve as an effective educational medium. Since the establishment of a boutique anatomy museum at Bahçesehir University, lectures, conferences, and seminars have been organized there over the past four years on the history of human anatomy and the human body. In order to raise awareness about the need to make anatomy accessible to kindergarteners and school-aged children, rather than exclusively to undergraduate students, activities that are suited to a wide range of ages have been developed at the museum and at the anatomy laboratory. Four different sessions were conducted, including activities such as lectures using plastic models as props, shaping organs out of playdough, anatomy puzzles, watching cartoons, and examining specimens through a microscope. Healthy and pathologic anatomies were chosen to match daily themes. Among the kindergarteners and elementary school children, no grading was done, nor was any questionnaire administered; however, a survey was administered in the 10-12 age group (N = 64). According to the students' written feedback, 93.75% said they "are happy with microscope activities" while 84.37% said they "had so much fun" participating in the playdough activities. However, 18.75% criticized the activities, saying they "could have been longer." In conclusion, it is believed that these "getting to know our bodies" activities that were hosted in the anatomy museum, including conferences, workshops, material preparation, and instructional movies, may play an important role in the development of a healthy society.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Clefts of the lip and palate are leading congenital facial anomalies. Underserved patients with these facial differences lack access to medical care, surgical expertise, prenatal care, or psychological support. Moreover, the disease results in significant economic strains on patients and their families. While surgical outreach programs have attempted to fill this void, significant challenges facing international comprehensive cleft care persist. OBJECTIVE: Propose a path toward international sustainable cleft care based on the Global Smile Foundation experience. RESULTS: International sustainable comprehensive cleft care can be achieved by regulating surgical outreach programs. Regulation of these missions would ensure standardized care and encourage stakeholders to cooperate and adequately allocate funding and resources. Capacity building can be achieved through "diagonal" cleft care delivery models, multidisciplinary workshops, fellowship programs, research and quality assurance, as well as leveraging emerging technologies such as Augmented Reality. CONCLUSION: International comprehensive cleft care requires continuous collaborative efforts between visiting and local teams as well as international and national organizations. Standardizing and regulating current practices as well as promoting capacity building initiatives can contribute to sustainable cleft care.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This report describes a mobile outreach influenza immunisation program for vulnerable populations in a resource-rich setting. It explores vaccine recipients' demographics, comorbidities and vaccination histories, and the factors influencing their decision to receive vaccine during outreach. METHODS: Teams of nurse immunisers visited and provided influenza vaccines to clients from 21 sites (18 community centres for migrants, refugees and the homeless; and three outpatient clinics). Risk factors for severe influenza, vaccination histories and perceived barriers and facilitators to vaccines were collected from vaccine recipients. RESULTS: A total of 1,032 vaccine recipients participated in the survey with responses collected from April to October 2018. Of these, 54% reported at least one risk factor for severe influenza. Sixty per cent of recipients had not received an influenza vaccine in 2017, with most of them reporting 'not worried about influenza' as a reason. Pregnant participants most frequently reported a healthcare provider's recommendation as the reason to receive the vaccine. CONCLUSION: An outreach program comprising of a means of taking vaccines to the population was a successful strategy to deliver influenza vaccines to high-risk populations. It needs to be considered in the full range of delivery models to improve influenza vaccine coverage, even in resource-rich settings. Implication for public health: Strategies reaching out to vulnerable populations are crucial to maximise vaccine uptake.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Resumo: Introdução: O programa de extensão Amigos do Sorriso foi construído a partir da compreensão da extensão universitária como integrante da formação dos estudantes, ao proporcionar vivências e trocas na aproximação entre a academia e a sociedade em geral. Os participantes são estudantes da área da saúde e desenvolvem atividades lúdicas com foco no processo de humanização, na educação em saúde e nos seus efeitos multiplicadores. Desde 2010, o programa realiza atividades quinzenais numa instituição de longa permanência para idosos (Ilpi), com o objetivo de oportunizar momentos lúdicos, com estratégias criativas e comunicativas, no sentido de ressignificar a velhice por meio do brincar. Este artigo tem como objetivos descrever as vivências e compreender quais foram os aprendizados desenvolvidos pelos estudantes de Medicina nesse âmbito. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida a partir de 13 narrativas redigidas entre 2018 e 2019 por estudantes de Medicina que participaram das atividades lúdicas na Ilpi. Realizou-se análise temática de conteúdo dos materiais em diálogo com os referenciais teóricos e a literatura relacionada. Resultados: As três categorias temáticas foram: o brincar com o idoso, construção artesanal da comunicação e partilha entre gerações sobre o envelhecer. Os extensionistas discutiram as diversas formas do brincar, sua relação com a promoção da saúde e as especificidades de desenvolver atividades lúdicas com o idoso. Utilizaram diversas formas de comunicação para interação com os idosos, conversando, ouvindo e contando histórias e respeitando os silêncios, o que provocou encontros e desencontros, todos disparados pelo brincar. Discutiram sobre o processo de envelhecimento, a saúde do idoso, a velhice asilar e o próprio encontro de gerações por meio do qual puderam refletir sobre si mesmos. Conclusões: As atividades na Ilpi proporcionaram aos estudantes a percepção da potência das estratégias lúdicas, promotoras da autonomia e saúde, sem infantilização dos idosos. Possibilitaram o reconhecimento de estratégias para aproximação e vínculo, respeitando limites individuais e coletivos, ao compartilharem histórias e sentimentos de forma empática. Dessa forma, destaca-se o desenvolvimento de competências para o futuro médico, tanto gerais como para o cuidado com as pessoas idosas, no reconhecimento de que todos estão envolvidos no universo do florescer do envelhecimento.

Abstract: Introduction: The community outreach program Amigos do Sorriso (Friends of Smiling) is based on the understanding that community outreach programs are part of academic training because they provide experiences that result in exchanges between the students and the society. The participants are undergraduate students from the healthcare field, who develop ludic activities focusing on humanization, health education and the resulting multiplying effects. Since 2010, fortnightly activities have been conducted at an old people's home with the aim of offering playful experiences involving creative and communicative strategies, in order to give new meaning to old age through playing. The objective of this article is to describe these experiences and understand what the medicine students have learned from them. Methods: this article presents a qualitative study, based on 13 narratives written between 2018 and 2019 by undergraduate medicine students who were involved in activities at the old people's home. The content was analyzed from a thematic perspective and correlated to the theoretical framework. Results: Three thematic categories were identified: playing with the elderly, handcrafted construction of communication and sharing between generations about aging. The participants discussed the different forms of play, its relations with health promotion and the specific characteristics of developing Ludic activities with the elderly. Through play they were also able to explore various forms of communication: talking, listening, sharing stories, and respecting the moments of silence, that led to agreement and disagreement. Finally, they discussed the aging process, elderly heath, elderly people in care and the contact itself between generations, allowing the students to reflect on themselves. Conclusions: The activities in the old people's home enabled the students to appreciate the potential that strategies of play offer in terms of promoting autonomy and health, without infantilizing the elderly. It allowed them to identify strategies to form closer relationships and ties with the elderly subjects, respecting individual and collective boundaries when sharing stories and feelings with empathy. Hence the highlight of the program was the development of skills, both general and specific for elderly care, among future medics, recognizing that the aging is a process that involves us all.

RESUMEN

A intervenção para o enfrentamento à situação de rua de crianças e adolescentes é discutida a partir de estudo de avaliação do Serviço Ação Rua. Utiliza-se delineamento qualitativo de Estudo de Caso Único com Unidades de Análise Incorporadas, envolvendo inserção ecológica, análise documental e grupos focais com Adolescentes, Famílias, Trabalhadores Sociais e Gestores vinculados ao Serviço. O estudo se refere aos seus três primeiros anos (2007-2009), entre implantação e execução. Os resultados, com base na Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano, indicam que o Serviço se constituiu em microssistema direto, ampliou o número e a qualidade dos microssistemas do público atendido. A regularidade e a reciprocidade afetiva destacaram-se nos processos proximais estabelecidos, percebidos como apoio social formal e informal. A presença constante nos espaços de vida do público atendido cria estabilidade presencial que se contrapõe à imprevisibilidade da rua, e ultrapassa os limites tradicionalmente esperados para a abordagem social de rua. Destaca-se a importância da pessoa do trabalhador social para o desenvolvimento da intervenção. As lições aprendidas do Caso Ação Rua são relevantes para refletir sobre intervenções dirigidas à abordagem social de rua e programas de apoio sociofamiliar em diferentes contextos. Limitações e propostas de estudos futuros são apresentadas.

Intervention with children and adolescents in street situation are discussed through the Ação Rua Case evaluation study. A Single Case Study with Embedded Analysis Units was used by means of ecological insertion, documentary analysis and focus groups with Adolescents, Families, Social Workers and Managers connected to the Service. The present study considers the three first years (2007-2009) of the case study, considering implementation and execution. Results, based on Bioecological Theory of Human Development, indicate that the Service comprised a direct microsystem, and increased the number and quality of the microsystems of the public served. Regularity and affective reciprocity were highlighted as elements of the proximal processes established, also perceived as formal/informal social support. The Service constant presence in the living spaces of the attended public created a face-to-face stability that contrasted to the unpredictability of the street situation, and went beyond the traditional limits of the street outreach approach. The importance of the social worker for the development of the intervention is emphasized. The lessons learned from the Ação Rua Case are relevant to examine on interventions aimed at the street outreach approach and socio-family support programs in different contexts. Limitations and suggestions for future studies are presented.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Public knowledge of the anatomical "self" is lacking and evidence points towards a growing need for anatomy education to the wider public. The public were offered the opportunity to learn human anatomy and complete an anatomical knowledge survey afterwards. Sixty-three participants volunteered to attempt to place 20 anatomical structures on a blank human body template. Responses were scored independently and then collated. A mixed effects logistic model was used to examine any associations with participants' as a random effect and all other factors as fixed effects. Results showed a statistically significant quadratic trend with age. Participants in health-related employment scored significantly higher than those not in health-related employment. There was a significant interaction between gender and organ type with males scoring higher than females in identifying muscles, but not in identifying internal organs. The current study demonstrates the general public's eagerness to learn anatomy despite their limited knowledge of the human body, and the need for widening participation. Furthermore, it raises an awareness of the anatomical literacy needs of the general public, especially in school children and young adults. Furthermore, it emphasizes the value of health literacy as a focus in undergraduate medical education. Anatomy literacy appears to be neglected, and this experience provides an example of a possible mode of public engagement in anatomy. Anat Sci Educ 11: 117-123. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

RESUMO O desenvolvimento da criança é um processo contínuo, dinâmico e não linear, no qual o movimento configura uma das necessidades vitais do ser humano. Este estudo quase-experimental teve por objetivo analisar a magnitude da mudança no nível coordenativo de 43 escolares com idade entre 6 e 7 anos, de ambos os sexos, submetidos a dois distintos programas de intervenção de atividades físicas, separados em grupo experimental (GE) e grupo controle (GC). Para avaliar a coordenação motora utilizou-se o Körperkoordinationstest Test Für Kinder (KTK). Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística aplicando-se os testes de normalidade e t - student (para amostras independentes e para amostras pareadas). Os resultados indicaram que, no geral, os meninos obtiveram escores médios superiores aos das meninas, e, houve um decréscimo nos níveis de coordenação em escolares com idade mais avançada. Além disso, constatou-se que o GE obteve índices mais elevados que o GC.

ABSTRACT Child development is a continuous process, dynamic and non-linear, in which the movement sets up one of the vital needs of the human being. This quasi-experimental study aimed to analyze the magnitude of change in the coordinative level of 43 schoolchildren aged between 6 and 7 years, of both sexes, subject to two distinct physical activity intervention programs, separated in the experimental group (GE) and control group (GC). To evaluate the motor control using the Körperkoordinationstest Test Für Kinder (KTK). The data were subjected to statistical analysis by applying the tests of normality and t-student (for independent samples and for paired samples). The results indicated that, in General, boys obtained average scores above those of girls, and there was a decrease in the levels of coordination in schools with older age. In addition, it was noted that the GE obtained higher that the GC.

Asunto(s)