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Background: Hypertensive emergency is associated with substantial complications and loss of life across the world. Early identification and treatment of hypertensive emergency complications are critical to prevent or avoid any consequences. Despite this, in Ethiopia, studies addressing mortality rate and its predictors as well as complications of hypertensive emergency are limited. Aims: This study aim to evaluate in-hospital mortality of patients admitted with a hypertensive emergency at the emergency ward of Jimma Medical Center. Methods: A consecutive sample of 140 adult (≥18 years of age) patients with a hypertensive emergency were recruited from September 1, 2020 to February 25, 2021 at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia and were followed up from admission to discharge/death. Patients who declined to participate and readmitted during the study period were excluded. To assess factors associated with in-hospital mortality, bivariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed. A p value of less than 0.05 was used to declare the statistical significance. Results: Over three-fourths of the study participants, that is, 108 (77.1%), were males with a mean (±standard deviation) age of 52.8 ± 13.6 years. Hemorrhagic stroke, 53 (38.0%), and acute kidney injury, 38 (27.1%), were the most common complications of hypertensive emergency. The average (±standard deviation) length of stay in the hospital was 8.53 ± 3.61 days. During in-hospital follow-up, 16 patients (11.4%, 95% confidence interval: 6.7-17.9) died. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between patients not doing regular physical exercise before the current admission (adjusted hazard ratio = 4.629, 95% confidence interval: 1.171-18.294, p = 0.015) and in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: More than one-tenth of patients with hypertensive emergency death was recorded at Jimma Medical Center. The frequent complications of hypertensive emergency were hemorrhagic stroke and acute renal injury. Not doing regular physical exercise before the current admission raises the likelihood of in-hospital death. Therefore, strengthening and encouraging patients to perform regular physical exercise is imperative.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and other measures of minimum clinical importance are increasingly recognized as important clinical considerations for evaluating the efficacy of an intervention. As our interpretation of clinical outcome evolves beyond statistical significance, psychometric properties such as MCID will be increasingly important to various stakeholders in the orthopaedic community. The purpose of this study was to: 1) describe the state of clinically important outcome reporting and 2) describe the methods used to derive these psychometric values for sports medicine patients undergoing operative treatments. METHODS: A review of the MEDLINE database was performed. Studies primarily deriving and reporting clinically important outcome measures for operative interventions in sports medicine were included. Demographic, methodological and psychometric properties of included studies were extracted. Level of Evidence and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used to assess study quality. Statistical analysis was primarily descriptive. RESULTS: Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria; 10 of the 15 studies were Level II evidence and mean NOS score was 5.3/9. Minimal detectable change (MDC) was the most commonly derived measure of clinical importance, calculated in 53.3% of studies, followed by MCID, calculated in 40.0% of studies. A combination of distribution and anchor-based methods was the most commonly used method to determine clinical importance (N = 7, 46.7%) followed by distribution only (N = 5, 33.3%). Predictors of clinically important change were reported in four studies and were most commonly related to pre-operative functional score. CONCLUSIONS: MDC and the MCID are the most commonly reported measures of clinically important outcome after operative treatment in sports medicine. A combination of both distribution and anchor-based methods is commonly used to derive these values. More attention should be paid to reporting outcomes that are clinically important and developing guidelines for reporting clinical meaningful outcome.