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BACKGROUND: Obesity in Mexico is an alarming problem that has been increasing in recent decades. Dietary factors make this pathology more common at younger ages and closely related to oral health. This study attempts to investigate the association between the oral health status of a Mexican population in the state of Yucatan and their dietary habits. OBJECTIVE: This study explores the relationship between oral health-related quality of life and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a disadvantaged population in the state of Yucatan, Mexico. METHODS: The research was conducted in July 2023 in Merida, Yucatan (Mexico). The sample consisted of 109 individuals aged between 4 and 72 years old. Data analysis focused on factors such as body mass index (BMI), oral health-related quality of life, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. RESULTS: A notable presence of caries is observed in individuals with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Correlation coefficient 0.040, p=0.682). This underscores the potential interaction between oral health, obesity, and dietary habits. The mean Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHIP-14Sp) score was 13.19 ±13.57, median 8.00. CONCLUSIONS: This research adds to the increasing evidence that highlights the significance of a balanced diet in enhancing the oral quality of life for people. More research is necessary to explore preventive measures and treatment to raise awareness about oral health within the community.

ANTECEDENTES: La obesidad en México es un problema alarmante que ha ido en aumento en las últimas décadas. Los factores dietéticos hacen que esta patología sea más común en edades más tempranas y muy relacionada con la salud bucal. Este estudio intenta investigar la asociación entre el estado de salud bucal de una población mexicana en el estado de Yucatán y sus hábitos alimentarios. OBJETIVO: Este estudio explora la relación entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en una población desfavorecida del estado de Yucatán, México. Métodos: La investigación se realizó en julio de 2023 en Mérida, Yucatán (México). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 109 individuos con edades comprendidas entre 4 y 72 años. El análisis de los datos se centró en factores como el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. RESULTADOS: Se observa una notable presencia de caries en individuos con baja adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (coeficiente de correlación 0,040, p=0,682). Esto subraya la posible interacción entre la salud bucal, la obesidad y los hábitos alimentarios. La puntuación media de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal (OHIP-14Sp) fue 13,19 ± 13,57, mediana 8,00. CONCLUSIONES: Esta investigación se suma a la creciente evidencia que resalta la importancia de una dieta equilibrada para mejorar la calidad de vida bucal de las personas. Es necesaria más investigación para explorar medidas preventivas y tratamientos para crear conciencia sobre la salud bucal dentro de la comunidad.

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Oral healthcare among the frail is an underestimated geriatric care element. While neglected oral health (OH) is a well-established risk factor for frailty, frailty can be a risk factor for subsequent OH problems. The cross-sectional investigation nested into the SAPALDIA sub-cohort of citizens aged 52 years and older, aims to stimulate longitudinal research into aspects that accelerate poor OH among frail individuals. The hypothesis investigated was that (pre-) frail individuals are more likely to have missing teeth replaced with removable dental prostheses (RDP) resulting in difficulties with chewing. The study included 1489 participants undergoing geriatric assessments and oral examination. The main predictor was frailty status (non-frail; pre-frail; frail), based on Fried's frailty phenotype. The main outcomes of interest were non-functional dentition (presence of ≤ 19 natural teeth), presence of any RDP and self-reported difficulties with chewing. Pre-frailty and frailty were not associated with the presence of ≤ 19 natural teeth, but were associated with a higher RDP prevalence. The presence of at least one complete denture (CD) had 1.71 fold and 2.54 folds higher odds among pre-frail and frail, respectively, compared to non-frail individuals. Frail individuals with CD reported chewing difficulties 7.8 times more often than non-frail individuals without CD. The results are in line with the hypothesis that (pre-) frail individuals may be more likely to have tooth loss restored by RDPs. Future longitudinal research needs to assess potential barriers to oral hygiene and fixed dental prostheses among (pre-) frail and to study their oral health-related quality of life.

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OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors as a risk factor for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in a cohort of patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with denosumab. METHODS: This was a multicentre, retrospective, observational study. All patients with breast cancer treated with denosumab (January 2011-December 2022) were included. The relationship between CDK4/6 inhibitors and MRONJ was analysed. RESULTS: A total of 243 patients were included, ninety-five (44.2%) of whom used a CDK4/6 inhibitor. There were 21 patients with MRONJ. In patients treated with denosumab without CDK4/6 inhibitors, the incidence of MRONJ and mean time to the occurrence of MRONJ were 6.6% (8/120) and 16.8 months (SD 7.8), respectively; in patients treated with denosumab and CDK4/6 inhibitor, these values were 13.7% (13/95) and 15.4 months (SD 8.7), respectively. The difference in the incidence was not significant (p = 0.085). Among the 19 patients who used abemaciclib, the probability of MRONJ occurrence was significantly higher compared to patients not using CDK4/6 inhibitors (p = 0.0178). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the incidence of MRONJ in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with denosumab is higher, and the onset of MRONJ occurs earlier in the presence of CDK4/6 inhibitors. The differences were statistically significant in the patients who used abemaciclib. Given that the use of this combination is very common in routine clinical practice, it would be advisable to carry out larger prospective studies to clarify the risk of this association.

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OBJECTIVES: In celebration of the journal's 50th anniversary, the aim of the study was to review the whole collection of Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology (CDOE) publications from 1973 to 2022 and provide a complete overview of the main publication characteristics. METHODS: The study used bibliometric techniques such as performance and science mapping analysis of 3428 articles extracted from the Scopus database. The data were analysed using the 'Bibliometrix' package in R. The journal's scientific production was examined, along with the yearly citation count, the distribution of publications based on authors, the corresponding author's country and affiliation and citation count, citing source and keywords. Bibliometric network maps were constructed to determine the conceptual, intellectual and social collaborative structure over the past 50 years. The trending research topics and themes were identified. RESULTS: The total number of articles and average citations has increased over the years. D Locker, AJ Spencer, A Sheiham and WM Thomson were the most frequently published authors, and PE Petersen, GD Slade and AI Ismail published papers with the highest citations. The most published countries were the United States, United Kingdom, Brazil and Canada, frequently engaging in collaborative efforts. The most common keywords used were 'dental caries', 'oral epidemiology' and 'oral health'. The trending topics were healthcare and health disparities, social determinants of health, systematic review and health inequalities. Epidemiology, oral health and disparities were highly researched areas. CONCLUSION: This bibliometric study reviews CDOE's significant contribution to dental public health by identifying key research trends, themes, influential authors and collaborations. The findings provide insights into the need to increase publications from developing countries, improve gender diversity in authorship and broaden the scope of research themes.

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OBJECTIVE: Understanding the oral health workforce representing and serving American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities is vital to improving community dental health outcomes. No systematic review of recent published literature on the oral health workforce among this population has been completed. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of published literature examining the oral health workforce representing and serving AI/AN communities in the USA. We analyzed 12 articles according to the PRISMA Statement. RESULTS: The studies suggested that AI/AN identity is an important aspect of routine and accessible oral healthcare. There are unique barriers and motivations that personnel in the oral health workforce face, let alone the distinctiveness of serving AI/AN communities. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides evidence that expanded oral health positions aid in community members receiving more routine and preventative care and is an upstream public health approach that has diversified the dental workforce.

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BACKGROUND: Tooth loss is a known marker of oral and systemic health, but large-scale population-based and cross-sectional multi-year comparative studies on tooth loss have yet to be much studied in China. This study explores the changing trends in tooth loss status and the associated factors influencing the prevalence of tooth loss over the past two decades in Guangdong, Southern China. METHODS: Data from three cross-sectional, representative oral epidemiological surveys in Guangdong Province were analyzed, including 400 in 1995, 720 in 2005, and 288 in 2015, for a total of 1408 participants. Sample selection is based on the National Census of China published by the National Bureau of Statistics. In this study, each year, the number of missing teeth (MT) and the prevalence of tooth loss (MT > 0) were calculated. Basic demographic information, socioeconomic status, caries and periodontal status, personal lifestyle factors, and dental health care behaviors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression to estimate their associations with tooth loss. Statistical significance was evaluated with 2-sided tests with a significance level of P < 0.05. RESULTS: This study found that the mean number of missing teeth and the prevalence of tooth loss among adults aged 35-44 years in Guangdong Province did not change significantly in the first decade (1995-2005) but decreased significantly in the second decade (2005-2015) (0.94 and 40.8% in 1995, 0.99 and 42.9% in 2005, and 0.63 and 33.3% in 2015, respectively). The mean number of MT by tooth position was highest for the first and second molars, and both were larger in the mandible than in the maxilla. In 1995, populations with low educational attainment and the presence of caries or periodontal pocket (periodontal probing depth ≥ 4 mm) were associated with a higher chance of MT > 0. In 2005, those with low educational attainment, the presence of caries, and 40-44 years old were associated with a higher chance of MT > 0. Moreover, in 2015, females, rural residents, and those with caries or periodontal pocket were associated with a higher chance of MT > 0. CONCLUSIONS: Although tooth retention has improved recently (2005-2015) and the preventive effect of education level on tooth loss has increased over time, efforts to prevent tooth loss in adults need to be strengthened. Particular attention should be given to preventive interventions for women, rural residents, and those suffering from caries or periodontal pocket.

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Background: Epidemiological investigations define the prevalence and distribution of the various types of malocclusions, and can help to identify etiological factors and set the most correct orthodontic therapy. Aim: The goal of this study was to verify the prevalence and distribution of various types of malocclusions in the pediatric population. Methods: The study was performed on a sample of 350 patients (ages 5-9) being treated at the ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda in Milan. A comparison was presented with one similar epidemiological investigation conducted 22 years earlier by the same researchers. The values of the malocclusion indices were reported from the cephalometric analyzes of the patients and were differentiated on the basis of gender and ethnicity. Results: The predominant traits of malocclusion in the general population of the analyzed sample were: skeletal class II (47.43%), hyper-divergence (40.86%), maxillary retrusion (46%), mandibular retrusion (66%), maxillary hypoplasia (50%), mandibular hypoplasia (49.14%), Wits index > 2 mm (22.57%); overjet > 4 mm (31.1%) and overbite > 4 mm (24.86%). Substantial differences were found between Italian patients and patients belonging to different ethnic groups in almost all parameters, and between the male and female genders in some of them. Patients in the 2000 study had a higher prevalence of Class II and hyper-divergence. Conclusions: This epidemiological investigation can suggest different approaches in setting the orthodontic treatment plan based on the ethnic group of the patient taken in charge and encourage more specific and large-scale analytical studies on the subject.

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Oral health disparities are prevalent in the American population and are influenced by various social determinants. This study aimed to analyze oral health disparities in the US between 1999-2004 and 2013-2016 according to sociodemographic characteristics. This analytic cross-sectional study analyzed five oral health indicators from Healthy People 2020. A binomial test was used to compare proportions between baseline and follow-up. Only the indicator for non-treated cavities among children reached its goal. White children had the greatest decrease (-15.4%; p = 0.0428) in dental caries. Higher income determined better outcomes for adolescents (-27.54%; p = 0.00032 dental caries) and adults (-15.96%; p = 0.0143 tooth extractions). However, adults 35-44 years with the highest income had a significant increase (40.74%, p = 0.0258) in decayed teeth. This study provides evidence to suggest that some progress has been made towards reducing oral health disparities in the US, primarily among children. However, trends for certain indicators remain disparate between different racial/ethnic and income groups. Applications for the findings of this study should address the intersectional nature of social determinants of health and should center on improving the equity of services offered by public oral healthcare.

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The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the healthcare system, including dentistry. However, it is not entirely clear whether affected patients' willingness for regular dental visits and preventive behaviors with regards oral hygiene and diet. This is essential to understanding the potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the acceleration of dental issues in the future. It was aimed at checking the level of dental visit avoidance, self-reported oral health needs, and dietary changes. This cross-sectional questionnaire study conducted in Poland (n = 2574; mean age 44.4 ± 15.6; female 56.3%) assessed nutritional habits and dental care changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. As demonstrated, nearly half of the responders (47.1%) avoided regular dental visits, while only 0.5% used online consultations. Fears related to potential cross-contamination in dental offices dropped from 25% to 11.4% and were associated with increased BMI and age (p < 0.05). Sweet snacking/drinking confirmed 19.1%/33.2% subjects. Self-reported oral health care needs (tooth stain, calculus, gingivitis, loss of fillings) were related to frequent snacking and poor oral hygiene (p < 0.05). The study highlights that pandemic periods are covered by eating and drinking changes combined with inadequate hygiene and dental care impose health complaints in the oral cavity. This can magnify both nutritional and interrelated oral health issues, highlighting the need to implement preventive and mitigation measures.

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El uso de las aplicaciones informáticas facilita en la actualidad el quehacer de los docentes en la educación médica superior. El objetivo fue confeccionar una aplicación con soporte en dispositivos móviles y computadoras como herramienta para el aprendizaje de la Epidemiología Bucal en la carrera de Estomatología. Se realizó un estudio de desarrollo tecnológico en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Granma, de septiembre del 2018 a junio del 2019. Para la confección de la aplicación se identificaron como etapas de trabajo la búsqueda y recopilación de información, selección de herramientas y el diseño. Se validó el producto mediante criterio de expertos en la materia. La efectividad de la utilización del producto se evaluó mediante una prueba pedagógica a los estudiantes que integraron la muestra. La aplicación mostró un diseño claro y atractivo. Ofrece una libre navegación donde se puede llegar, rápido y fácilmente al contenido deseado. En su totalidad los expertos evaluaron el producto de muy adecuado, y todos los usuarios emitieron el criterio de bien en los indicadores medidos. Se concluyó que la herramienta confeccionada permitió al estudiante de estomatología interactuar con los contenidos de la asignatura Epidemiología Bucal, considerándose útil como material de apoyo a la docencia(AU)

The use of computer applications currently facilitates the work of teachers in higher medical education. The objective was to create an application with support for mobile devices and computers as a tool for learning Oral Epidemiology in Stomatology. A study of technological development was carried out at the University of Medical Sciences of Granma, from September 2018 to June 2019. For the preparation of the application, the search and collection of information, selection of tools and design were identified as work stages. The product was validated by the criteria of experts in the field. The effectiveness of use of the product was evaluated by means of a pedagogical test to the students who made up the sample. The application showed a clear and attractive design. It offers free navigation where you can quickly and easily reach the desired content. In its entirety, the experts evaluated the product as very adequate, and all users gave the criterion of good in the measured indicators. It was concluded that the tool allowed the stomatology student to interact with the contents of the subject Oral Epidemiology, considering it useful as a teaching support material(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Whether an association between alcohol consumption and dental caries exists is still unclear. Chinese Baijiu is the most common alcohol consumed by middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals. This study aimed to assess the relationship between alcohol consumption (Chinese Baijiu) and dental caries in Guangdong Province, southern China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Guangdong Province using a multistage, stratified, equal-sized, random sampling strategy. In total, 576 individuals aged 55-74 were recruited to fill out a questionnaire through face-to-face and one-on-one interviews and to undergo a series of dental examinations with a Community Periodontal Index (CPI) probe. According to the standard for clinical dentition examination of the WHO 2013 criteria, the presence of dental caries was determined by the DFT/DFRoot (decayed-filled tooth/root) index. The ratios of males to females and urban people to countrymen were both 1:1. Then, the chi-square test and rank-sum tests were used to compare the differences in caries between subgroups, and multivariate logistic regression analyses, as well as negative binomial regression analyses, were executed to identify the potential relationship between alcohol consumption and caries. RESULTS: The prevalence of crown caries was 79.17% with a DFT index of 3.19, while that of root caries was 61.28% with a DFRoot index of 2.08. The prevalence and mean tooth of crown caries of females were higher than those of males. The prevalence and mean DFRoot of root caries in rural areas were higher than those in urban areas. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis and negative binomial regression analysis showed that there was a statistically significant negative correlation between the consumption frequency of Chinese Baijiu and caries (often vs. never/rarely, crown caries: odds ratio (OR) = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26-1.13, P = 0.103, incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44-0.92, P = 0.015; root caries: OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24-0.93, P = 0.030, IRR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.32-0.54, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, frequent consumption of Chinese Baijiu was a protective factor for caries in middle-aged and elderly people in Guangdong Province. However, considering the harm of alcohol to one's general health, it is recommended to drink moderately and avoid alcohol abuse.

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PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the new development of caries among preschoolers in northern Guangdong and to assess caries-related factors to distinguish groups with different caries risk levels. METHODS: Baseline data were recorded for participants from September to November 2019, and participants were reexamined from September to November 2020. A longitudinal observation of 11,973 preschoolers was conducted. The simplified debris index (DI-S) and decayed-missing-filled tooth (dmft) index values were obtained for each participant. RESULTS: Factors associated with whether caries would occur in the future and one-year increase in dmft (Δdmft) included baseline dmft, baseline DI-S, and baseline age. The risk ratio (RR) of caries occurrence and the number of teeth with new-onset caries were 4.482 (95% confidence interval, 4.056-4.957) and 2.945 (2.742-3.165) in the participants with baseline dmft ≥3, which were higher than those with baseline dmft =1 or 2. In the baseline caries-free group, whether caries would occur in the future was related to the baseline DI-S (95% confidence interval, 0.022-0.062). The caries incidence of maxillary central incisors (27.9%) was the highest among teeth of preschoolers without caries at baseline, whereas the caries incidence of mandibular first deciduous molars (42.7%) was the highest among teeth of preschoolers with caries at baseline. CONCLUSION: Baseline dmft is a good predictor of future caries. Children with baseline caries-free status, baseline dmft >0, and baseline dmft ≥3 should be treated with preventive interventions of different intensities and frequencies. The occurrence of future caries in baseline caries-free participants is related to oral hygiene status. Measures to prevent caries on smooth surfaces, such as topical fluoridation, should be applied to all preschoolers. Preschoolers with caries at baseline may be given priority for pit and fissure sealing.

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The purpose of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors use among cancer patients from the medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) cohort of the University of Messina. We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients with either intravenous bisphosphonates or denosumab-related MRONJ reported in the electronic health records of the Unit of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Messina between the first quarter of 2018 and the first quarter 2020 to identify eligible patients. We observed six cases of MRONJ associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors concomitantly with intravenous bisphosphonates and/or denosumab in breast cancer patients. The CDK4/6 inhibitors registered were palbociclib (n = 5) and abemaciclib (n = 1). Data of cancer patients diagnosed with MRONJ in the same period (n = 10) were extracted for comparison. The comparative assessment with this group of patients showed a similar distribution of MRONJ stage ranged and clinical course after treatment. The degree of risk for osteonecrosis in patients taking these new classes of drugs is uncertain but warrants awareness and close monitoring. The role of premedication dental evaluation as a prevention strategy has been acknowledged for cancer patients about to initiate intravenous bisphosphonates and/or denosumab for treatment of bone metastasis, but additional attention should be paid to whom are assuming CDK4/6 inhibitors because of their oral adverse events.

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BACKGROUND: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to changes in the dental needs of the population and new challenges concerning oral health care. METHODS: The Google Trends tool was used to collect data on the Internet search interest. The investigated material was collected from 1 January 2020 to 23 August 2020. Search terms "toothache", "dentist" and "stay at home" were retrieved for the whole world as well as for the US, the UK, Poland, Italy and Sweden. RESULTS: During the lockdown, correlation analysis indicates the lowest public interest in the word "dentist" one week preceding the peak for "toothache", followed by an increase in the word search for "dentist". On 12 April, worldwide, the maximum of Google Trends Relative Search Volume (RSV) for "toothache" was observed. CONCLUSION: Decrease in "dentist" queries during lockdown followed by an increase in "toothache" search predicts greater dental needs in the post-pandemic period. The surveillance shows significant changes in queries for dental-related terms during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to prepare for future pandemic outbreaks teledentistry programs should be taken into consideration.

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BACKGROUND: Dental caries of deciduous teeth (Early Childhood Caries, ECC) has become a crucial oral health problem over the decades in China. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and severity of ECC among preschool children from Guangdong Province, Southern China. In addition, to assess the association of ECC with reported oral health-related behaviors. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 2592 participants was carried out in Guangdong Province by means of an equal-sized, stratified, multistage random sampling method during December 2015 and April 2016. The participants were divided into three groups according to their ages (3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds). Half of the participants were derived from urban areas, while the other from rural areas. According to the standard for clinical dentition examination of the WHO 2013 criteria, the presence of ECC was determined by the dmft (decayed-missing-filled tooth) index using a CPI (Community Periodontal Index) probe. A questionnaire about caries-related factors was completed by each of the participants' parents or grandparents through a face-to-face and one-on-one interview. Then, t-test, Chi2 tests, One-Way ANOVA served for statistical analysis, and logistic regression analysis as well as covariance analysis were executed to identify potential associated factors for ECC. RESULTS: The prevalence (% dmft > 0) of ECC was 68.3 (95% CI: 66.5-70.1), the mean dmft was 4.36 (95% CI: 4.17-4.55), and the filled rate was 1.2%. In multivariable modeling, associated factors for both prevalence and mean dmft were older age, rural areas, consumption of sweets before sleep, dental visit history, low household income, and low parental education level. Initiating toothbrushing after 3 years of age and being exclusively/ predominantly breastfed indicated only the prevalence; being female and frequently consuming sweetened milk/powdered milk indicated only the mean dmft. CONCLUSIONS: Preschool children in Guangdong Province, especially children from rural areas, experienced a significant amount of ECC. Associated factors for ECC included demographics, oral health measures, dietary factors, and socioeconomic factors. More attention should be given to prevention of ECC from early life. The construction of social support for oral health should be strengthened. Oral health education and promotion, especially of rural areas, should be intensified to reduce the inequality between urban and rural areas.

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AIMS: To report the experience of coronal dental caries in the Australian adult population. METHODS: Dentate people aged 15 years and over were online or telephone interviewed, and dental examined (n = 5022). The number of decay, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) were recorded. Independent variables were demographic, socioeconomic conditions and dental care characteristics. Proportions of DMFS >0, average DMFS and its components were calculated. RESULTS: Overall, 32.1% had decayed surfaces, with a higher proportion found in males (34.7%) and 40% higher in those living in remote areas than in those living in major city and regional areas. The prevalence of decayed surfaces varied from 37.4% (lowest income group) to 25.0% (highest income group). The mean number of decayed surfaces was three times higher in the lowest income group compared to the highest one. Uninsured people had a higher prevalence of decayed surfaces and lower mean of filling surfaces than insured group. Participants with an unfavourable pattern of dental visiting had two times higher prevalence of decay than their counterparts. Overall, three quarters (77.4%) had at least one filling in their permanent dentition. This percentage increased from 61.6% among 15-34 year olds, to 88.0% among those aged 55-74 years. CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic inequalities in caries experience persist in Australia.

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BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe the prevalence of different tooth loss outcomes along with the use of dentures and implants among Australians aged 15+ years across socioeconomic and demographic groups. In addition, we performed time trend analyses of tooth loss. METHODS: Data from the National Study of Adult Oral Health 2017-18 included gender, age, residential location, household income, Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas, possession of dental insurance and pattern of dental visiting. Outcomes were complete tooth loss, inadequate dentition, average number of missing teeth, denture wearing and implants. We compared our findings with data from previous surveys carried out in 1987-88 and 2004-06. RESULTS: Tooth loss decreased from 14.4% in 1987-88 to 6.4% in 2004-06, and to 4.0% in 2017-18. The proportion of people with lack of functional dentition halved from 20.6% 1987-88 to 10.2% in 2017-18; the average number of teeth lost due for any reason slightly reduced from 2004-06 (6.1) to 2017-18 (5.7). Tooth loss increased with age and was higher among socioeconomically disadvantaged, uninsured and those with unfavourable pattern of dental visiting groups than in their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: An overall improvement in tooth retention was identified over the last decades. However, socioeconomic inequalities persist.

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@#As one of the most common chronic diseases of the oral cavity, caries gradually accumulate over the lifetime and affect approximately 80% of the world population. The epidemiological characteristics of the disease are specific in terms of regional distribution, temporal distribution and population distribution. Caries prevalence and mean decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (mean DMFT) scores are the most commonly used indexes in oral epidemiology. Caries prevalence is used to describe the frequency of caries over a certain period of time. In addition, DMFT scores reflect the severity of caries in the population. The caries prevalence and the severity of caries are assessed as part of a dynamic process. In developing countries, caries prevalence is higher among urban populations than among rural populations. Currently, the epidemic characteristics of caries in urban and rural areas are changing, and the caries prevalence of urban residents is lower than that of rural residents. This article is a chronological review of the Oral Health Epidemiological Surveys of China from 1983 to 2015, the Preventive Dentistry study and other related studies. It is concluded that the epidemic characteristics of caries in urban and rural areas in China have changed from a higher caries prevalence in urban areas compared to that in rural areas to a lower caries prevalence in urban areas compared to that in rural areas. Several factors, such as the dynamic development of differences in dietary habits, economic levels and access to oral medical resources of urban and rural residents might have led to changes in caries prevalence in urban and rural areas. The caries prevalence of rural residents has increased greatly, which indicates that the caries prevention efforts of the relevant departments should be focused more on rural areas in the future.

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Objective @# To investigate the oral health behavior of urban and rural students in the 12~15 year age group in Guangdong Province, aiming to provide informational support for adolescent oral health care.@*Methods @#A multistage stratified sampling method with equal capacity and simple random sampling was applied to obtain representative samples. A total of 7 680 students aged 12 to 15 were selected from Guangdong Province, with 1 920 in each age group of 12, 13, 14 and 15 years; half were male and half were female, and half were from urban areas and half were from rural areas. According to the Fourth National Oral Health Epidemiology Questionnaire Survey Program, a standard questionnaire was designed to conduct on-the-spot investigations on sugar intake, brushing, dental floss usage, fluoride toothpaste usage.@*Results @#① Eating before a meal and before bed: the proportion of sweet snacks, sweet drinks and sugary drinks consumed ≥2 times/day was higher in the rural group than in the urban group (P < 0.001), with only sugary drinks consumed significantly differently by age (P < 0.001). ② The rural group had a significantly lower proportion of brushing ≥ 2 times/day, flossing habits and fluoride toothpaste habits than the urban @*Conclusions@#Among the students aged 12 to 15 in Guangdong Province, the rural group had a higher proportion of consuming desserts, sweet drinks and sweetened drinks. The proportion of brushing ≥ 2 times/day was lower, and the usage rate of floss and fluoride toothpaste was lower.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the sociodemographic and clinical parameters of patients who visit the emergency dental service and their most common diagnoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data were collected on the basis of a survey filled out by patients. A total of 1730 out of 6732 patients (26%) were surveyed using a questionnaire to analyze sociodemographic status, dental visits, the description and dynamics of the symptoms. After the data collection, methods of descriptive data presentation and of inferential statistics were made in SPSS. RESULTS: Survey results show that most subjects (60.4%) came during the weekends and holidays. The subjects, 73.1% of them, stated that they had already used this type of service, and 65.8% did not visit their dentist beforehand. The largest number of subjects (62.2%) reported that they needed emergency service within a week after their problems had begun. The most common diagnoses included face and jaw abscesses (27.3%). There is a statistically significant difference between the number of patients who went to the emergency dental service and completed the questionnaire over the course of several months contrary to patients who were there in May and June (59.7%) compared to July and August (40.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Most subjects had clear indications for being referred to an emergency dental service. Most of the emergency conditions were mainly due to irregular visits to the dentist. Patient education and preventive programs would probably have reduced the number of visits.