RESUMEN
Red wine (RW) consumption has been proposed to have a potential health benefit. However, the effect of RW consumption on the brain is not entirely known, mainly when associated with aging. Regular red wine consumers (n = 30) and abstainers (ABST; n = 27) without cognitive impairment were evaluated for brain structural characteristics (Fazekas score and voxel-based morphometry) and for functional adaptations assessed by fMRI (using the Word Tasks Color Stroop (WCST) and Two-Back (TBT)), as well as by neuropsychological tests in different domains. There were no significant differences regarding brain morphological features. RW consumers showed greater activation in the thalamus during WCST and in paracingulate/anterior cingulate cortices, left superior frontal gyrus and frontal pole during TBT. ABST required higher activation of different cortical areas in the left parietal lobe during WCST. Age and intelligence quotient influenced those activations. In Stroop and trail-making neuropsychological tests, RW consumers performed slightly better than ABST. This study should be viewed as hypothesis-generating rather than conclusive.HighlightsWhite matter hyperintensities and gray matter volume did not differ between the RW and ABST groups.RW consumers could depend more on right thalamus during WSCT due to its role in visual integration.ABST could depend more on left parietal lobe during WSCT due to its role in sensory and phonological encoding.RW consumers with inferior cognitive abilities could depend more on letter recognition to solve a TBT correctly.Younger abstainers could depend more on different areas involved in integrating cognitive processes and attention regulation to solve a TBT correctly.
Asunto(s)
Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Vino , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiología , Sustancia Gris , Pruebas NeuropsicológicasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To identify the nutrients that influence the performance of working memory, which is greatly affected as age progresses. METHOD: A total of 1646 healthy adults between 21 and 80 years old participated in the study. The daily consumption of 64 nutrients was examined using a food frequency questionnaire that assessed food intake during the previous year. Working memory was measured in the verbal and spatial domains using a computerized task. We examined which nutrients influence working memory across the entire adult lifespan and whether the influence of any of these nutrients on working memory is moderated by individuals' ages. RESULTS: Working memory, across the entire adult lifespan, benefits from the intake of cholesterol, alcohol, gamma- and delta-tocopherol, vitamin B6, and palmitoleic, oleic, alpha linoleic and linoleic acids. Moderator analyses revealed that fats, energy, lactose and sodium negatively influenced working memory in middle-aged and older adults, whereas vitamin D and vitamin C had positive effects on memory beyond 70 years of age. CONCLUSION: Nutrients have the ability to positively or negatively affect working memory, which varies as a function of age.
Asunto(s)
Longevidad , Memoria a Corto Plazo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Humanos , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Nutrientes , Vitaminas , Vitamina B 6RESUMEN
The present study investigated the characteristics of tactile working memory using the N-Back Task. The participants (n = 16), all sighted, performed the task with working memory loads equivalent to maintaining one, two, or three letters in the working memory (N-Back 1, N-Back 2, and N-Back 3). The frequency of commission and omission errors was analyzed as a function of memory load. The results indicate an increase in the frequency of omission errors due to this factor. The working memory load did not significantly influence commission errors. In general, our results suggest that the tactile N-Back task may represent a promising method for the assessment of working memory in blind and sighted participants.
O presente estudo investigou as características da memória de trabalho tátil por meio da Tarefa N-Back. Os participantes (n = 16), todos videntes, executaram a tarefa com cargas mnemônicas equivalentes a manutenção de uma, dois ou três letras na memória de trabalho (N-Back 1, N-Back 2 e N-Back 3). Foram analisadas a frequência de erros de comissão e a omissão em função da carga mnemônica. Os resultados apontam um aumento na frequência dos erros de omissão em função desse fator. As comissões não foram influenciadas significativamente pela carga da memória de trabalho. Em linhas gerais, nossos resultados sugerem que a tarefa N-Back tátil pode representar um método promissor para a avaliação da memória de trabalho em participantes videntes e não videntes.
El presente estudio investigó las características de la memoria táctil de trabajo utilizando la Tarea N-Back. Los participantes (n = 16), todos videntes, realizaron la tarea con cargas equivalentes a una, dos o tres letras en la memoria de trabajo (N-Back 1, N-Back 2 y N-Back 3). Los errores de comisión y omisión se analizó de acuerdo con la carga de trabajo. Los resultados indican un aumento en la frecuencia de errores de omisión debido a este factor. Las comisiones no fueron influenciadas significativamente por la carga de memoria de trabajo. En general, nuestros resultados sugieren que la tarea N-Back táctil puede representar un método prometedor para la evaluación de la memoria de trabajo en participantes videntes y no videntes.
RESUMEN
Individual differences in working memory ability are mainly revealed when a demanding challenge is imposed. Here, we have associated cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor genetic variation rs2180619 (AA, AG, GG), which is located in a potential CNR1 regulatory sequence, with performance in working memory. Two-hundred and nine Mexican-mestizo healthy young participants (89 women, 120 men, mean age: 23.26 years, SD = 2.85) were challenged to solve a medium (2-back) vs. a high (3-back) difficulty N-back tasks. All subjects responded as expected, performance was better with the medium than the high demand task version, but no differences were found among genotypes while performing each working memory (WM) task. However, the cost of the level of complexity in N-back paradigm was double for GG subjects than for AA subjects. It is noteworthy that an additive-dosage allele relation was found for G allele in terms of cost of level of complexity. These genetic variation results support that the endocannabinoid system, evaluated by rs2180619 polymorphism, is involved in WM ability in humans.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Memoria a Corto Plazo/fisiología , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Receptor Cannabinoide CB1/genética , Adulto , Femenino , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Genotipo , Humanos , Individualidad , Masculino , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Um dos instrumentos mais utilizados internacionalmente para avaliação da Memória de Trabalho (MT) é a Tarefa N-back Auditiva. Recursos para avaliação desse sistema são escassos no Brasil. O presente estudo objetiva observar o desempenho da Tarefa N-back Auditiva em indivíduos de diferentes faixas etárias: 27 crianças, 22 pré-adolescentes, 26 adultos e 27 idosos. Os resultados mostram que o grupo etário influencia no desempenho da Tarefa N-back Auditiva. A acurácia foi aumentando na transição da infância para a pré-adolescência e seguiu em crescimento até a adultez. Observou-se um declínio no desempenho de idosos. Os dados da Tarefa N-back Auditiva corrobora a trajetória desenvolvimental, sugerindo que essa tarefa possa ser utilizada no contexto experimental. Pesquisas de normatização contribuirão para melhor compreensão dessa tarefa.
One of the most internationally used instruments for evaluation of Working Memory (WM) is the Auditory N-Back Task. In Brazil, resources to evaluate this system are scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of different age subjects in auditory n-back tasks. We divided the 102 subjects in four groups: 27 children, 22 adolescents, 26 young adults and 27 older adults. The results demonstrate an age-related difference in the n-back task performance. The accuracy increased in the transition from childhood to adolescence and kept growing from adolescence to adulthood. We also found a decrease in the performance of aged subjects. The Auditory N-Back Task results are in agreement with WM development trajectory, and so, it demonstrates to be an adjusted instrument to evaluate this system in experimental setting.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Edad , Memoria a Corto Plazo , Cognición , PsicometríaRESUMEN
Um dos instrumentos mais utilizados internacionalmente para avaliação da Memória de Trabalho (MT) é a Tarefa N-back Auditiva. Recursos para avaliação desse sistema são escassos no Brasil. O presente estudo objetiva observar o desempenho da Tarefa N-back Auditiva em indivíduos de diferentes faixas etárias: 27 crianças, 22 pré-adolescentes, 26 adultos e 27 idosos. Os resultados mostram que o grupo etário influencia no desempenho da Tarefa N-back Auditiva. A acurácia foi aumentando na transição da infância para a pré-adolescência e seguiu em crescimento até a adultez. Observou-se um declínio no desempenho de idosos. Os dados da Tarefa N-back Auditiva corrobora a trajetória desenvolvimental, sugerindo que essa tarefa possa ser utilizada no contexto experimental. Pesquisas de normatização contribuirão para melhor compreensão dessa tarefa.(AU)
One of the most internationally used instruments for evaluation of Working Memory (WM) is the Auditory N-Back Task. In Brazil, resources to evaluate this system are scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of different age subjects in auditory n-back tasks. We divided the 102 subjects in four groups: 27 children, 22 adolescents, 26 young adults and 27 older adults. The results demonstrate an age-related difference in the n-back task performance. The accuracy increased in the transition from childhood to adolescence and kept growing from adolescence to adulthood. We also found a decrease in the performance of aged subjects. The Auditory N-Back Task results are in agreement with WM development trajectory, and so, it demonstrates to be an adjusted instrument to evaluate this system in experimental setting.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Memoria a Corto Plazo , Factores de Edad , Psicometría , CogniciónRESUMEN
Prejuízos em tarefas que avaliem a WM têm sido observados em estudos com crianças acometidas por trans-tornos psiquiátricos com características neurodesenvolvimentais. Objetivo: elaborar estímulos visuais para serem usados na tarefa N-Back para crianças de 6 a 12 anos. Método: serão apresentadas fotos selecionadas de animais. Realizou-se um estudo com 38 crianças. Resultados: observou-se que os animais dos estímulos do N-Back são facilmente reconhecidos pelas crianças. Conclusão: a partir deste estudo preliminar, a tarefa N-Back mostrou-se apta à utilização em larga escala. Os dados deverão receber medidas de padronização e normatização...
Damages in tasks which evaluate WM have been observed in studies with children affect by psychiatrical disorders with neurodevelopmental characteristics. Aim: To elaborate visual stimuli to be used in N-Back tasks.Method: Selected animal pictures will be virtually presented. Initially, a study with 38 children from 6 to 12 years old has been applied. Results: It has been observed that the animals used as stimuli for the N-Back are easily recognized by the children. Conclusion: From this preliminary study, the construction of the N-Back task for Brazilian child population proved capable of being used in large scale. Data obtained must be normatized measures...
Prejuicios en tareas que evaluan la memória de trabajo se hano observado em estúdios com niños afectados por trastornos psiquiátricos com características del desarollo neurológico. Objetivo: desarollar estímulos visuales que se utilizarán en la tarea N-back para niños de 06 a 12 años. Método: fotos selecionadas de animales fueron presentados a 38 niños. Resultados: se ha observado que los estímulos de animales de la Tarea N-Back fueron facilmente reconocidos por los niños. Conclusión: desde este estudio preliminar se mostró que la construccionón de la tarea N-Back Visual para población brasileña infantil es capaz de ser usada a gran escala. Los datos obtenidos devén tener medidas de padronización e normatización...