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Cd-rich wastes from open-pit mining can be transported into rivers, which are often followed by deposition in river sediments and/or further transfer into agricultural soils. The lithology of bedrock exerts a huge effect on physicochemical properties (e.g., buffering capacities, metal species, mineral phases, etc.) of the river system, thereby potentially impacting the Cd mobility in watersheds. However, to date, little is known about the microscopic processes (e.g., dissolution, adsorption, and precipitation) controlling the migration of Cd from mines to varied watersheds. This study, therefore, aims to determine the controlling factors on Cd mobilization in two mining-impacted watersheds with contrasting bedrock lithology using both Cd and Pb isotopes. The Pb isotope ratios of sediments and soils in both watersheds fall into a binary mixing model with two isotopically distinct sources, i.e., mining wastes and bedrock. These results indicate that mining activities are the main sources of Cd in sediments and soils. However, the Cd isotope ratios reveal different Cd migration processes between the two watersheds. In the siliceous watershed, the δ114/110Cd values of sediments decrease from -0.116‰ in the upper reach to -0.712‰ in the lower reach, with a concomitant increase in Cd concentration, which may result from Cd adsorption by goethite due to the increased pH. In contrast, in the calcareous watershed, the Cd isotope compositions of sediments (-0.345 to -0.276‰) and the pH of river water are nearly invariable, suggesting that the adsorption and release of Cd in sediments are limited. This may result from the strong pH buffering effect due to the presence of carbonate rocks. This study highlights the different fates of Cd in siliceous and calcareous watersheds and suggests that the development of Cd pollution control policies must consider regional lithology.

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Paddy soils around mining areas suffer from the great threat of heavy metal pollution. The traditional source-tracing methods based on metal concentrations limit our ability to quantify the sources of heavy metals and trace their transport processes to paddy soils. In this study, Zn isotope compositions of paddy soils in Dabaoshan mine area, a typical sulfide deposit in southern China, have been systematically studied. According to a plot between 1/Zn (i.e. inverse concentration) and δ66Zn value, all the polluted paddy soils fall on the mixing line between acid mine drainage precipitate (AMD-precipitate) and fertilizer while the unpolluted paddy soil falls on the mixing line between fertilizer and bedrock. This indicates the mixing of Zn sources at least three end-members: the mining end-member (i.e. AMD-precipitate), the agricultural end-member (i.e. fertilizer), and bedrock whose geochemical signature is often overprinted by the former two sources around the mining area. The quantitative calculations to apportion the end-member's contributions show that the mining activity contributes most Zn in the paddy soils with an average of ∼66.2%. The contribution of mining activities has significant spatial variations. Specifically, the mining activities have relatively low impacts on the lower reach and the deep soil. Additionally, the apparent Zn isotope fractionation between AMD and AMD-precipitate (Δ66ZnAMD-precipitate - AMD of -0.35 to -0.08‰) in the tailings dam suggests that Zn cations in AMD coprecipitated with the secondary Fe-bearing minerals (e.g. jarosite and goethite). After being discharged from the tailings dam, Zn is mainly carried by the Fe-oxide minerals and migrated during surface runoff. Our study highlights the contribution of human activities to the Zn pollution in the paddy soils and the key role of Fe-bearing minerals in the migration of Zn. These findings provide a scientific base for the development of policy for pollution control in mining-affected region.

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The economic and social changes in modern society have resulted in intensive and extensive migrant activity. The article contains a review of social, psychological, and gender aspects of migration from three countries of Central Asia (former Soviet republic)-Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan-in Russia (St. Petersburg). The main objective of our study was to identify socio-psychological mechanisms of migration from Central Asia-the general and specific peculiarities of the acculturation process of migrant workers. Participants in the study were labor migrants from Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan. The research was conducted in St. Petersburg. In total, 98 people aged from 19 to 42 years old took part in the research (median age = 32.26, SD = 3.44), among them, women made up 44% and men made up 56%. Three ethnic groups were represented in the sample: Kyrgyz people (34 persons), Tajik people (32 persons), and Uzbek people (32 persons). The research found both general and specific features related to certain ethnic groups. The research results showed that there were significant differences between the migrants from Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan by the following acculturation indicators: number of social contacts (friends) among representatives of their own ethnicity and among the Russian-speaking population, type of acculturation strategy, degree of life satisfaction, cultural and economic safety, and anxiety level.

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Os processos migratórios podem ser definidos como um fenômeno composto por correntes populacionais que se deslocam de uma área para a outra. O objetivo deste estudo foi reunir evidências de validade para o Inventário de Motivos para Migração na Aposentadoria. Para tanto, foram elaborados 12 itens para avaliar os motivos que levam os aposentados a migrarem. O inventário foi aplicado a uma amostra de 284 aposentados, a maioria do sexo feminino (51,4%), residentes na Região dos Lagos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os resultados da análise fatorial confirmatória indicaram que o instrumento possui três dimensões: Meio Ambiente, Lazer e Segurança (α = 0,82), Apoio Social (α = 0,72) e Mobilidade e Serviços (α = 0,56). Além disso, foram verificadas correlações destes motivos com outras variáveis, como relacionamento afetivo/conjugal e conhecimento prévio do local, sendo identificadas as correlações positivas e significativas de fracas a moderadas com o Inventário de Motivos para Migração. Este estudo disponibiliza aos investigadores do tema uma ferramenta para mensurar os motivos de migração no contexto nacional e municipal e na área acadêmica.

Migration processes can be defined as a phenomenon composed of population currents that move from one area to another. The objective of this study was to gather evidence of validity for the Inventory of Reasons for Migration in retirement. In order to do so, 12 items were elaborated to evaluate the reasons that lead retirees to migrate. The inventory was applied to a sample of 284 retirees, living in the Região dos Lagos, in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and the majority being female (51.4%). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis, indicated that the instrument has three dimensions: Environment, Leisure and Safety (α = 0.82), Social Support (α = 0.72) and Mobility and Services (α = 0.56). In addition, correlations of these reasons with other variables were verified: affective / conjugal relationship and prior knowledge of the place, and the positive and significant correlations of weak to moderate were identified with the Migration Reasons Inventory. This study provides the researchers a tool to measure the reasons for migration to the national context, municipal administration and academic area.

Los procesos migratorios pueden ser definidos como un fenómeno compuesto por corrientes poblacionales que se desplazan de un área a la otra. El objetivo de este estudio fue reunir evidencias de validez para el Inventario de Motivos para la Migración en la Jubilación. Para ello, se elaboraron 12 ítems para evaluar los motivos que llevan a los jubilados a migrar. El inventario fue aplicado a una muestra de 284 jubilados, la mayoría del sexo femenino (51,4%), residentes en la Región de los Lagos en el Estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio indicaron que el instrumento tiene tres dimensiones: Medio Ambiente, Ocio y Seguridad (α = 0,82), Apoyo Social (α = 0,72) y Movilidad y Servicios (α = 0,56). Además, se verificaron correlaciones de estos motivos con otras variables, como relación afectiva / conyugal y conocimiento previo del local, siendo identificadas las correlaciones positivas y significativas de débiles a moderadas con el Inventario de Motivos para la Migración. Este estudio ofrece a los investigadores del tema una herramienta para medir los motivos de migración en el contexto nacional y municipal y en el área académica.

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Resumo Os recentes processos migratórios internacionais ocorridos no Brasil se apresentam como um campo de estudo para as ciências sociais e humanas em saúde. Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre os processos de inclusão de imigrantes e refugiados pelas instituições de saúde, considerando o campo de debates das ciências sociais e humanas em Saúde e o comprometimento dessa área com os direitos humanos. Inicialmente, são apresentadas características contemporâneas das migrações internacionais, incluindo a situação brasileira. Em seguida, são descritas algumas pesquisas e práticas sobre concepções de saúde, doenças e cuidados com imigrantes e, por fim, propomos um debate acerca de alguns conceitos antropológicos que podem contribuir para uma abordagem menos estereotipada dos processos de inclusão nas instituições de saúde nacionais. Pretendemos apresentar uma perspectiva das ciências sociais e humanas em saúde em um horizonte teórico articulado com práticas em saúde que, de certa forma, podem contribuir para a formulação de conceitos, explicações e orientações no plano das políticas públicas com essas populações.

Abstract The international migratory processes that are recently occurring in Brazil are a field of study for Health Social and Human Sciences. This article aims to reflect on immigrants and refugees processes of inclusion by health institutions, considering the discussion possibilities of Health Social and Human Sciences and the commitment of this area to Human Rights. Initially, contemporary characteristics of international migrations are presented, including the Brazilian situation. Some researches and practices about conceptions of health, illness and care with immigrants are described below, and, finally, we propose a debate on some anthropological concepts that can contribute to create a less stereotyped approach in the processes of inclusion in national health institutions. We intend to present a perspective of Health Social and Human Sciences within a theoretical horizon that is articulated with health practices that can somehow contribute to the formulation of concepts, explanations and guidelines in public policies to these populations.

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Lung tumors are a frequent type of cancer in humans and a leading cause of death, and the late diagnostic contributes to high mortality rates. New therapeutic strategies are needed, and the heptapeptide angiotensin-(1-7) [ang-(1-7)] demonstrated the ability to control cancer growth rates and migration in vitro and in vivo. However, the possible use of the heptapeptide in clinical trials demands deeper analyses to elucidate molecular mechanisms of its effect in the target cells. In this study, we investigated relevant elements that control pro-inflammatory environment and cellular migration, focusing in the post-transcription mechanism using lung tumor cell line. In our cellular model, the microRNA-513a-3p was identified as a novel element targeting ITG-ß8, thereby controlling the protein level and its molecular function in the controlling of migration and pro-inflammatory environment. These findings provide useful information for future studies, using miR-513a-3p as an innovative molecular tool to control lung tumor cell migration, which will support more effective clinical treatment of the patients with the widely used chemotherapeutic agents, increasing survival rates.

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dolines are small- to large-sized bowl-shaped depressions of karst surfaces. They may constitute important microrefugia, as thermal inversion often maintains cooler conditions within them. This study aimed to identify the effects of large- (macroclimate) and small-scale (slope aspect and vegetation type) environmental factors on cool-adapted plants in karst dolines of East-Central Europe. We also evaluated the potential of these dolines to be microrefugia that mitigate the effects of climate change on cool-adapted plants in both forest and grassland ecosystems. METHODS: We compared surveys of plant species composition that were made between 2007 and 2015 in 21 dolines distributed across four mountain ranges (sites) in Hungary and Romania. We examined the effects of environmental factors on the distribution and number of cool-adapted plants on three scales: (1) regional (all sites); (2) within sites and; (3) within dolines. Generalized linear models and non-parametric tests were used for the analyses. KEY RESULTS: Macroclimate, vegetation type and aspect were all significant predictors of the diversity of cool-adapted plants. More cool-adapted plants were recorded in the coolest site, with only few found in the warmest site. At the warmest site, the distribution of cool-adapted plants was restricted to the deepest parts of dolines. Within sites of intermediate temperature and humidity, the effect of vegetation type and aspect on the diversity of cool-adapted plants was often significant, with more taxa being found in grasslands (versus forests) and on north-facing slopes (versus south-facing slopes). CONCLUSIONS: There is large variation in the number and spatial distribution of cool-adapted plants in karst dolines, which is related to large- and small-scale environmental factors. Both macro- and microrefugia are therefore likely to play important roles in facilitating the persistence of cool-adapted plants under global warming.

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