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Background: Breast cancer continues to be a significant global health issue, necessitating advancements in prevention and early detection strategies. This review aims to assess and synthesize research conducted from 2020 to the present, focusing on breast cancer risk factors, including genetic, lifestyle, and environmental aspects, as well as the innovative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in prediction and diagnostics. Methods: A comprehensive literature search, covering studies from 2020 to the present, was conducted to evaluate the diversity of breast cancer risk factors and the latest advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) in this field. The review prioritized high-quality peer-reviewed research articles and meta-analyses. Results: Our analysis reveals a complex interplay of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental risk factors for breast cancer, with significant variability across different populations. Furthermore, AI has emerged as a promising tool in enhancing the accuracy of breast cancer risk prediction and the personalization of prevention strategies. Conclusion: The review highlights the necessity for personalized breast cancer prevention and detection approaches that account for individual risk factor profiles. It underscores the potential of AI to revolutionize these strategies, offering clear recommendations for future research directions and clinical practice improvements.

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Introducción: El síndrome metabólico (SM) agrupa factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular. Dentro de estos factores se encuentra la obesidad central, evaluada generalmente a través de la circunferencia de la cintura (CC) Objetivo: Analizar el comportamiento de las distintas variables que agrupan el SM (definición ATP III) en relación a los cambios en la CC. Sujetos: Se incluyeron 253 mujeres que concurrieron al Servicio de Endocrinología. Se evaluaron medidas antropométricas y presión arterial, así como glucemia en ayunas y lipidograma. Las pacientes fueron agrupadas por quintilos por CC: Q1 (56-80 cm), Q2 (80.1-89 cm), Q3 (89.1-96 cm), Q4 (96.1-103 cm) y Q5 (103.1-150 cm. Resultados: Existe una correlación positiva entre la CC y el IMC (p < 0,0001, r: 0,87).Asimismo, se observa una correlación positiva entre la CC y los valores de triglicéridos (p <0,0001, r: 0,28), glucemia (p = 0,0001, r: 0,24), presión arterial (PA) sistólica (p < 0,0001, r: 0,27) y diastólica (p < 0,0007, r: 0,21) y una correlación negativa entre la CC y los niveles de HDL (p < 0,0001, r: -0,25). Conclusiones: A medida que aumenta la CC, aumentan los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares (presión arterial diastólica, glucemia, triglicéridos, descenso del HDL).(AU)

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. These factors include central obesity, usually assessed through waist circumference (WC). Objective: To analyze the behavior of the different MS variables (ATP III definition) in relation to changes in WC. Subjects: We included 253 women who attended the Service of Endocrinology. We performed anthropometric, blood pressure, fasting glucose and lipid profile measurements. Patients were grouped into quintiles by WC: Q1 (56-80 cm), Q2 (80.1-89 cm), Q3 (89.1-96 cm), Q4 (96.1-103 cm) and Q5 (103.1-150 cm. Results: There is a positive correlation between WC and BMI (p < 0.0001, r = 0.87). In addition, there is a positive correlation between WC and triglyceride levels (p < 0.0001, r: 0.28), glucose (p = 0.0001, r = 0.24), systolic blood pressure (BP) (p < 0.0001, r = 0.27) and diastolic BP (p <0.0007, r: 0.21) and a negative correlation between WC and HDL levels (p < 0.0001, r = -0.25). Conclusions: As WC increases, cardiovascular risk factors (diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose, triglycerides, decreased HDL) increase.(AU)

RESUMEN

Introducción: El síndrome metabólico (SM) agrupa factores de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular. Dentro de estos factores se encuentra la obesidad central, evaluada generalmente a través de la circunferencia de la cintura (CC) Objetivo: Analizar el comportamiento de las distintas variables que agrupan el SM (definición ATP III) en relación a los cambios en la CC. Sujetos: Se incluyeron 253 mujeres que concurrieron al Servicio de Endocrinología. Se evaluaron medidas antropométricas y presión arterial, así como glucemia en ayunas y lipidograma. Las pacientes fueron agrupadas por quintilos por CC: Q1 (56-80 cm), Q2 (80.1-89 cm), Q3 (89.1-96 cm), Q4 (96.1-103 cm) y Q5 (103.1-150 cm. Resultados: Existe una correlación positiva entre la CC y el IMC (p < 0,0001, r: 0,87).Asimismo, se observa una correlación positiva entre la CC y los valores de triglicéridos (p <0,0001, r: 0,28), glucemia (p = 0,0001, r: 0,24), presión arterial (PA) sistólica (p < 0,0001, r: 0,27) y diastólica (p < 0,0007, r: 0,21) y una correlación negativa entre la CC y los niveles de HDL (p < 0,0001, r: -0,25). Conclusiones: A medida que aumenta la CC, aumentan los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares (presión arterial diastólica, glucemia, triglicéridos, descenso del HDL).

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. These factors include central obesity, usually assessed through waist circumference (WC). Objective: To analyze the behavior of the different MS variables (ATP III definition) in relation to changes in WC. Subjects: We included 253 women who attended the Service of Endocrinology. We performed anthropometric, blood pressure, fasting glucose and lipid profile measurements. Patients were grouped into quintiles by WC: Q1 (56-80 cm), Q2 (80.1-89 cm), Q3 (89.1-96 cm), Q4 (96.1-103 cm) and Q5 (103.1-150 cm. Results: There is a positive correlation between WC and BMI (p < 0.0001, r = 0.87). In addition, there is a positive correlation between WC and triglyceride levels (p < 0.0001, r: 0.28), glucose (p = 0.0001, r = 0.24), systolic blood pressure (BP) (p < 0.0001, r = 0.27) and diastolic BP (p <0.0007, r: 0.21) and a negative correlation between WC and HDL levels (p < 0.0001, r = -0.25). Conclusions: As WC increases, cardiovascular risk factors (diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose, triglycerides, decreased HDL) increase.