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As the most effective therapeutic drug for malaria, artemisinin can only be extracted from Artemisia annua L., which is sensitive to the surrounding growing habitat. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) contain acetyl groups, which modulate mRNA transcription and thereby regulate plant environmental adaptation. Comprehensive analyses of HATs have been performed in many plants, but systematic identification of HATs in medicinal plants is lacking. In the present study, we identified 11 AaHATs and characterized these genes into four classes according to their conserved protein structures. According to the phylogenetic analysis results, potential functions of HAT genes from Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and A. annua were found. According to our results, AaHAT has a highly conserved evolutionary history and is rich in highly variable regions; thus, AaHAT has become a comparatively ideal object of medical plant identification and systematic study. Moreover, motifs commonly present in histone acetyltransferases in the A. annua genome may be associated with functional AaHATs. AaHATs appear to be related to gene-specific functions. AaHATs are regulated by cis-elements, and these genes may affect phytohormone responsiveness, adaptability to stress, and developmental growth. We performed expression analyses to determine the potential roles of AaHATs in response to three environmental stresses. Our results revealed a cluster of AaHATs that potentially plays a role in the response of plants to dynamic environments.

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Introduction: Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, classified as tegumentary and visceral. The disease treatment is still a serious problem, due to the toxic effects of available drugs, the costly treatment and reports of parasitic resistance, making the search for therapeutic alternatives urgent. This study assessed the in vitro anti-leishmanial potential of the extract, fractions, and isoeleutherin from Eleutherine plicata, as well as the in silico interactions of isoeleutherin and its analogs with Trypanothione Reductase (TR), in addition to predicting pharmacokinetic parameters. Methods: From the ethanolic extract of E. plicata (EEEp) the dichloromethane fraction (FDEp) was obtained, and isoeleutherin isolated. All samples were tested against promastigotes, and parasite viability was evaluated. Isoeleutherin analogues were selected based on similarity in databases (ZINK and eMolecules) to verify the impact on structural change. Results and Discussion: The extract and its fractions were not active against the promastigote form (IC50 > 200 µg/mL), while isoeleutherin was active (IC50 = 25 µg/mL). All analogues have high intestinal absorption (HIA), cell permeability was moderate in Caco2 and low to moderate in MDCK. Structural changes interfered with plasma protein binding and blood-brain barrier permeability. Regarding metabolism, all molecules appear to be CYP3A4 metabolized and inhibited 2-3 CYPs. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics assessed the interactions between the most stable configurations of isoeleutherin, analogue compound 17, and quinacrine (control drug). Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated stability and favorable interactions with TR. In summary, fractionation contributed to antileishmanial activity and isoleutherin seems to be promising. Structural alterations did not contribute to improve pharmacokinetic aspects and analogue 17 proved to be more promising than isoeleutherin, presenting better stabilization in TR.

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Persicaria lapathifolia var. salicifolia (Sibth.) Miyabe, has long been extensively utilized in traditional medicine for its significant medical values (Seimandi et al, 2021). Despite its extensive use, the leaf blight disease of this plant has never been documented in China. However, in September 2023, the symptoms of leaf blight disease were observed on P. lapathifolia var. salicifolia on the campus of Zhejiang Normal University (29°8'3″ N, 119°37'47″ E), Zhejiang province, China. The disease incidence was 40% on the 50 plants surveyed, according to the field survey. The progression of leaf pathogenesis is mainly divided into three stages. Early symptoms manifested as the light yellow spots on the edges or tips of the leaves, which subsequently developed into brown or yellow irregular lesions and eventually led to the curling and wilting leaves. Thus, the leaf tissues (5 × 5 mm) from the border of diseased and healthy areas were surface-sterilized in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 3 min, followed by 75% ethanol for 30 s, and rinsed three times with sterile water. After drying on sterile filter paper, the leaf tissues were put on PDA medium and cultured at 25°C for 3 days. Seven purified fungal isolates were obtained, and one representative strain was selected for further identification. After that, the isolate was identified by the combination of morphological studies and molecular analysis. The fungi exhibited rapid growth on PDA, attaining a diameter of 80 to 85 mm in 5 days. The colonies were black with a yellow margin, and the reverse sides were light yellow and partly colorless. Moreover, the conidia were brown to black, smooth to slightly rough, measuring 3.2 to 3.8 µm (n = 30) in diameter, with radiated conidial heads and expanded ampulliform phialides under the optical microscope. Therefore, the isolate's characteristics were consistent with the descriptions of Aspergillus welwitschiae (Bres.) Henn. (Gherbawy et al, 2021). To further identify the isolate, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (Gardeset al, 1993) and the second largest RNA polymerase subunit (RPB2) (Liu et al, 1999) were employed for phylogenetic analysis. The obtained sequences were despot in GenBank (Acc. Nos. OR797058 for ITS, OR797058 for RPB2, respectively), and exhibited a high degree of sequence homology to A. welwitschiae (MK450815, MK450818, LC179911, and LC000572), with 99% to 100% identity. Besides, multilocus phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate gathered into one clade with A. welwitschiae. Based on the integrated morphological and molecular results, the isolate was determined to be A. welwitschiae. Six healthy 1-year-old P. lapathifolia var. salicifolia were used to verify Koch's postulates. Three leaves were wounded with sterile pins and inoculated with the conidial suspension (107 conidia/mL) of isolates, while plants inoculated with sterile water were used as controls. After sealing with plastic wrap for 24 hours, the plants were cultivated at 25 °C and 85% relative humidity. Necrotic lesions were observed on leaves 10 days after inoculation, while the control leaves remained asymptomatic. The fungi were re-isolated from the diseased leaves and identified as the original ones through morphological and molecular identification, confirming Koch's postulates. While A. welwitschiae has been reported to cause the rot disease of Sisal Bole in Brazil (Duarte et al, 2018) and maize ear in Serbia (Nikolic et al., 2023), to our knowledge, this study marks the first report of A. welwitschiae causing leaf blight on P. lapathifolia var. salicifolia in China, extending the host range to A. welwitschiae.

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Over the past decades, global climate change has led to a significant increase in the average ambient temperature causing heat stress (HS) waves. This increase has resulted in more frequent heat waves during the summer periods. HS can have detrimental effects on poultry, including growth retardation, imbalance in immune/antioxidant pathways, inflammation, intestinal dysfunction, and economic losses in the poultry industry. Therefore, it is crucial to find an effective, safe, applicable, and economically efficient method for reducing these negative influences. Medicinal plants (MPs) contain various bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Due to the biological activities of MPs, it could be used as promising thermotolerance agents in poultry diets during HS conditions. Nutritional supplementation with MPs has been shown to improve growth performance, antioxidant status, immunity, and intestinal health in heat-exposed chickens. As a result, several types of herbs have been supplemented to mitigate the harmful effects of heat stress in chickens. Therefore, several types of herbs have been supplemented to mitigate the harmful effects of heat stress in chickens. This review aims to discuss the negative consequences of HS in poultry and explore the use of different traditional MPs to enhance the health status of chickens.

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In this study dietary Scutellaria baicalensis extract (SBE) was used to improve the shrimps' immune response and its resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. SBE obtained by solid-liquid extraction (SLE) has shown stronger antibacterial activity against V. parahaemolyticus compared to extracts obtained through the pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) method. A stronger immune response, such as the production of reactive oxygen species and the induction of expression of immune genes in hemocytes was seen in the SBE (SLE) treated group in vitro. SBE (SLE) had better immune stimulation effects and bactericidal activity than SBE (PLE) and therefore was chosen for in vivo feeding trial. The group fed with 1% SBE showed a better growth performance after 2 weeks of the feeding trial, but the growth-promoting effects did not last until the end of the trial at week four. Higher SBE intake reduced shrimp resistance to V. parahaemolyticus on week two but showed better resistance than the control group on the fourth week. Gene expression assays were used to investigate contradictory responses of the SBE-fed groups to V. parahaemolyticus at different times. Most of the genes examined in the selected tissues were not significantly changed, suggesting that the higher mortality of shrimp fed with high dose of SBE was not due to suppression of immune-related genes at earlier time point. Collectively, the bioactivity of SBE is influenced by the extraction conditions. Higher dietary doses of SBE (1% and 5%) improved the resistance of the white shrimp to V. parahaemolyticus after a longer feeding period (week four), but caution should be taken when applying SBE in the feed since a vulnerable status (week two) was seen during the feeding trial.

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The ber fruit fly (BFF), Carpomya vesuviana Costa, 1854 (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an important key pest of the jujube, Ziziphus jujuba Miller. The main control measures against this pest are to use chemical control, but the first survey for its natural enemies was performed in Iran. Here, we report eight species of parasitic wasps of the BFF from five different families. The family Eurytomidae with three species, the families Pteromalidae and Mutillidae with two species each, and the families Braconidae and Diapriidae with one species each are associated with different immature stages of the BFF, of which Eurytoma pineticola Zerova (Eurytomidae) and Cyrtoptyx lichtensteini (Masi) (Pteromalidae) were the most abundant parasitoid species. Fopius carpomyiae (Silvestri,) was not reared on BFF on the jujube during this survey, but it was reported on Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) with a high parasitism rate. Therefore, it seems to be the most important parasitoid of BFF in Iran. The parasitoid community of BFF in Khorasan, Eastern Iran, is reviewed, and an identification key to these species is proposed.

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The present work aims to assess the biological potential of polyphenolic compounds in different parts (flowers, leaves, stems, and roots) of Stachys palustris L. Towards secondary metabolites profile, 89 polyphenolic compounds (PCs) were identified by UPLC-PDA-ESI-TQD-MS/MS, with a total average content of 6089 mg/100 g of dry matter (d.m.). In terms of biological activity, antioxidant activity (radical activity, reducing power), digestive enzyme inhibitory (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, pancreatic lipase) effect, and antiproliferative activity (inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis in different human cancer cell lines) were explored. Leaves, flowers, stems, and roots of S. palustris L. have not been studied in this regard until now. Vescalagin and cocciferin d2, isoverbascoside (verbascoside), luteolin 6-C-glucoside, luteolin 6-C-galactoside, apigenin 6-C-glucoside, (-)-epicatechin, ellagic acid, and malvidin 3-O-diglucoside were detected as main ingredients in the studied parts. Methanolic extract of S. palustris L. leaves and flowers revealed the highest amount of PCs with the strongest antiradical (18.5 and 15.6 mmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g d.m., respectively) and reducing power effects (7.3 and 5.6 mmol TE/g d.m.). Leaf extracts exhibited better α-amylase and pancreatic lipase inhibition effects, while flower extracts exhibited better α-glucosidase inhibition effect. Regarding antiproliferative activity, extracts of the leaves and flowers significantly reduced cell viability and induced a high level of apoptosis in human lung, pancreatic, bladder, and colon cancer cell lines, as well as in human acute myeloid leukemia; whereas the extracts from stems and roots revealed the weaker effects. The results of this work showed anti-proliferative and potentially anti-diabetic, anti-obesity properties of S. palustris L., especially for flowers and leaves, which may have wide potential applications in the functional food, special food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics industries, and/or in medicine.

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INTRODUCTION: Medicinal plants are very important to human health, and ensuring their quality and rapid evaluation are the current research concerns. Deep learning has a strong ability in recognition. This study extended it to the identification of medicinal plants from the perspective of spectrum. OBJECTIVE: In order to realise the rapid identification and provide a reference for the selection of high-quality resources of medicinal plants, a combination of deep learning and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) was proposed. METHODS: For the first time, Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy 2DCOS images combined with residual neural network (ResNet) was used for the origin identification of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. In total 1593 samples were collected and 12821 2DCOS images were drawn. The climate of different origins was briefly analysed. RESULTS: The xishuangbanna, puer, lincang, honghe and wenshan are the five regions with more ecological advantages. The synchronous 2DCOS models of FT-MIR and NIR could realise origin identification with the accuracy of 100%. The synchronous images were suitable for the identification of medicinal plants with complex systems. The full band, feature band and different contour models had no big difference in distinguishing ability, so they were not the key factors affecting the discrimination results. CONCLUSION: The ResNet models established were stable, reliable, and robust, which not only solved the problem of origin identification, expanded the application field of deep learning, but also provided practical reference for the related research of other medicinal plants.

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Smokers have high plaque accumulation that initiates gingival inflammation and progresses to periodontitis. Thus, oral hygiene to control microbial plaque formation is an effective method of preventing gingivitis. Medicinal plants such as Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) and Cyanthillium cinereum (Less.) H. Rob. (CC) have an anti-inflammatory effect that might improve oral health in smokers. This study evaluated the effect of MO leaf and CC extracts using MO lozenges and a combination of MO + CC lozenges on oral inflammation and gingivitis in volunteer smokers. Lozenges consisting of MO and CC extracts were developed and studied in vivo. The results showed that lozenges significantly reduced oral inflammation and gingivitis in volunteers. The gingival index (GI) of group III (MO + CC lozenges) significantly decreased, while the percentage decrease of oral inflammation in group II (MO lozenges) was significantly higher than the other groups. The percentage decrease of GI values in group II (MO lozenges) and group III (MO + CC lozenges) were significantly higher than the placebo group I. Our findings indicated that MO and MO + CC lozenges reduced oral inflammation and gingivitis and showed potential to improve oral health in smokers.

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Ficus formosana Maxim is an economically valuable plant that is traditionally used in Chinese medicine. Here, we assembled the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of F. formosana using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. The cp genome size is 160,606 bp, with 35.90% GC content, including a large single copy region (LSC) of 88,668 bp, a small single copy region (SSC) of 20,140 bp and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 25,899 bp. It encodes 86 protein-coding, 37 tRNA and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis fully resolved F. formosana on a branch with Ficus erecta within the genus Ficus. The complete cp genome sequence of F. formosana will provide valuable information for species identification and phylogenetic evolution.

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Dryobalanops aromatica is a new species in the family of Lauraceae with high content of D-borneol, which is an important raw material of premium spices and medicine widely used in China. The genome and the molecular phylogenetic relation of this novel species had not been analyzed before. In this study, we present the complete sequence of chloroplast genome of D. aromatic, as well as its genome annotation. The complete chloroplast sequences in length were 152,696 bp, with two single-copy regions 93,610 bp and 18,902 bp in length, which were separated by two inverted repeat regions with 20,092 bp in length. In total, 128 genes were predicted with GC content at 39.16%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that D. aromatica is closest to Gossypium sturtianum in Lauraceae. The sequence and annotation of the chloroplast genome of Dryobalanops aromatic will be useful for further studies on the taxonomy in Lauraceae.

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Vernonia amygdalina Delile is widely used in folkloric medicine for the treatment of various diseases. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of V. amygdalina Delile was reported, which was assembled and annotated base on genome high-throughput sequencing data. This work provided the clues for the taxonomy of the herb and the potential to utilize the chloroplast genome sequence as a new study target. The length of V. amygdalina Delile chloroplast genome was 153,133bp, with two single-copy regions, each has the length of 84,245bp and 13,152bp respectively. This region were separated by two inverted repeat regions with 27,868bp in length. It was predicted to consist of 131 genes in total, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes with GC content at 37.68%. Phylogenetic analysis by RAxML (Random Axelerated Maximum Likelikhood) showed V. amygdalina Delile is closest to Sonchus webbii in Compositae.

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Background: Muscle atrophy, i.e., the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is an unresolved problem associated with aging (sarcopenia) and several pathological conditions. The imbalance between myofibrillary protein breakdown (especially the adult isoforms of myosin heavy chain, MyHC) and synthesis, and the reduction of muscle regenerative potential are main causes of muscle atrophy. Methods: Starting from one-hundred dried hydroalcoholic extracts of medical plants, we identified those able to contrast the reduction of C2C12 myotube diameter in well-characterized in vitro models mimicking muscle atrophy associated to inflammatory states, glucocorticoid treatment or nutrient deprivation. Based on their ability to rescue type II MyHC (MyHC-II) expression in atrophying conditions, six extracts with different phytochemical profiles were selected, mixed in groups of three, and tested on atrophic myotubes. The molecular mechanism underpinning the effects of the most efficacious formulation, and its efficacy on myotubes obtained from muscle biopsies of young and sarcopenic subjects were also investigated. Results: We identified WST (Withania somnifera, Silybum marianum, Trigonella foenum-graecum) formulation as extremely efficacious in protecting C2C12 myotubes against MyHC-II degradation by stimulating Akt (protein kinase B)-dependent protein synthesis and p38 MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase)/myogenin-dependent myoblast differentiation. WST sustains trophism in C2C12 and young myotubes, and rescues the size, developmental MyHC expression and myoblast fusion in sarcopenic myotubes. Conclusion: WST strongly counteracts muscle atrophy associated to different conditions in vitro. The future validation in vivo of our results might lead to the use of WST as a food supplement to sustain muscle mass in diffuse atrophying conditions, and to reverse the age-related functional decline of human muscles, thus improving people quality of life and reducing social and health-care costs.

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The aim of this study was to accurately determine the profile of polyphenols using the highly sensitive LC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS technique and to determine in vitro antioxidant activity, the ability of inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucoamylase, and pancreatic lipase activity, and antiproliferative activity in leaves, flowers, roots, and stalks of medical plant Sanguisorba officinalis L. The results of the analysis of the morphological parts indicated the presence of 130 polyphenols, including 62 that were detected in S. officinalis L. for the first time. The prevailing group was tannins, with contents ranging from 66.4% of total polyphenols in the flowers to 43.3% in the stalks. The highest content of polyphenols was identified in the flowers and reached 14,444.97 mg/100 g d.b., while the lowest was noted in the stalks and reached 4606.33 mg/100 g d.b. In turn, the highest values of the antiradical and reducing capacities were determined in the leaves and reached 6.63 and 0.30 mmol TE/g d.b, respectively. In turn, a high ability to inhibit activities of α-amylase and α-glucoamylase was noted in the flowers, while a high ability to inhibit the activity of pancreatic lipase was demonstrated in the leaves of S. officinalis L. In addition, the leaves and the flowers showed the most effective antiproliferative properties in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, bladder cancer, and T-cell leukemia cells, whereas the weakest activity was noted in the stalks. Thus, the best dietetic material to be used when composing functional foods were the leaves and the flowers of S. officinalis L., while the roots and the stalks were equally valuable plant materials.

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BACKGROUND: Ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (11αOH-KA) is a multifunctional biochemical found in some ferns, Pteris semipinnata, and its congeneric species. Although a number of therapeutic applications of 11αOH-KA have been proposed (e.g., anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, and skin whitening), the content of 11αOH-KA in these ferns is not high. Adenostemma lavenia (L.) O. Kuntze, an Asteraceae, has also been reported to contain 11αOH-KA. The decoction (hot water extract) of whole plants of A. lavenia is used as a folk remedy for inflammatory disorders, such as hepatitis and pneumonia, suggesting that 11αOH-KA may be the ingredient responsible for the medicinal properties of this plant. METHODS: The anti-melanogenic activities of the water extracts of A. lavenia leaves and Pteris dispar Kunze (a cognate of P. semipinnata) leaves were compared in mouse B16F10 melanoma cells. The amount of 11αOH-KA was measured by using liquid chromatography spectrometry. C57BL/6J mice were treated with the water extract of A. lavenia leaf, and the blood concentration of 11αOH-KA was measured. The in vivo efficacy of the water extract of A. lavenia leaf was evaluated according to tis anti-melanogenic activity by monitoring hair color. RESULTS: Although both the extracts (A. lavenia and P. dispar Kunze) showed high anti-melanogenic activities, only A. lavenia contained a high amount of 11αOH-KA, approximately 2.5% of the dry leaf weight. 11αOH-KA can be purified from A. lavenia leaves in two steps: water extraction followed by chloroform distribution. The treatment of mice with the water extract of A. lavenia leaf suppresses pigmentation in their hairs. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the small number of mice examined, the present preliminary result of the suppressed hair pigmentation suggests that the water extract of A. lavenia leaf and the ingredient that is possibly responsible for this-11αOH-KA-are new materials for oral cosmetics. The results may also be helpful in the future development of functional foods and methods to treat patients suffering from hyperpigmentation disorders, such as melasma.

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Acanthopanax trifoliatus (Linn.) Merr. is an edible vegetables and medicinal plant from Asian countries. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of A. trifoliatus was assembled and annotated by high-throughput sequencing. The total chloroplast genome size of A. trifoliatus was 156,716 bp, containing a large single-copy (LSC) region of 86,672 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,174 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions of 25,935 bp. A total of 134 genes were predicted in the chloroplast genome of A. trifoliatus, including 89 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that A. trifoliatus was closely related to Eleutherococcus gracilistylus.

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Ginkgo biloba is a medicinal plant which contains abundant endophytes and various secondary metabolites. According to the literary about the information of endophytics from Ginkgo biloba, Chaetomium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Penicillium and Charobacter were isolated from the root, stem, leaf, seed and bark of G. biloba. The endophytics could produce lots of phytochemicals like flavonoids, terpenoids, and other compounds. These compounds have antibacteria, antioxidation, anticardiovascular, anticancer, antimicrobial and some novel functions. This paper set forth the development of active extracts isolated from endophytes of Ginkgo biloba and will help to improve the resources of Ginkgo biloba to be used in a broader field.

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Saussurea is one of the most species-rich genera in the family Asteraceae, where some have a complex evolutionary history, including radiation and convergent evolution, and the identification of these species is notoriously difficult. This genus contains many plants with medical uses, and thus an objective identification method is urgently needed. Saussurea subg. Amphilaena is one of the four subgenera of Saussurea and it is particularly rich in medical resources, where 15/39 species are used in medicine. To test the application of DNA barcodes in this subgenus, five candidates were sequenced and analyzed using 131 individuals representing 15 medical plants and four additional species from this subgenus. Our results suggested that internal transcribed spacer (ITS) + rbcL or ITS + rbcL + psbA-trnH could distinguish all of the species, while the ITS alone could identify all of the 15 medical plants. However, the species identification rates based on plastid barcodes were low, i.e., 0% to 36% when analyzed individually, and 63% when all four loci were combined. Thus, we recommend using ITS + rbcL as the DNA barcode for S. subg. Amphilaena or the ITS alone for medical plants. Possible taxonomic problems and substitutes for medicinal plant materials are also discussed.

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The genus Paris (Liliaceae) has been used for traditional medicine in China. The wild Paris was on the verge of exhaustion due to illegal and immoderate exploitation coupled with environmental pollution. In order to alleviate resource pressure, Paris mairei can be considered as alternative sources. Here, we report the complete chloroplast genome of Paris mairei. The genome is 162,736 bp in length including a small single-copy region (SSC, 12,908 bp) and a large single-copy region (LSC, 84,286 bp) separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs; 32,771 bp). The genome contained 113 genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 4 ribosomal RNA genes, and 30 tRNA genes. Among these genes, 16 harboured a single intron, and 2 contained a couple of introns. The overall G + C content of the cpDNA is 37.1%, while the corresponding values of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 35.7, 32.1, and 39.9%, respectively. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Paris mairei will provide a useful resource for the conservation genetics of this species as well as for the phylogenetic studies for the genus Paris.

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To provide theoretical basis for protection and rational use of medicinal plants resources of Orchidaceae,we investigated and studied the existing species,distribution,utilization and resources of Orchidaceae medicinal plants in Jiangxi province. Orchidaceae medicinal plants in different areas of Jiangxi province were investigated in different seasons by means of field investigation,route investigation and folk interview. Orchidaceae medicinal plants collected from field investigation as well as Orchidaceae specimens stored in the herbariums of Jiangxi scientific research institutes were studied and identified. The existing species,distribution location,quantity,medicinal value and resource utilization of Orchidaceae medicinal plants in Jiangxi province were studied and analyzed. Orchidaceae medicinal plants in herbal literatures were consulted for their category,medicinal use and other information. Relevant modern research literatures on Orchidaceae medicinal plant resources were consulted. There were 93 species of Orchidaceae medicinal plants in 37 genera in Jiangxi province, and 19 of them were new species of Orchidaceae,including 6 species in Dendrobium alone. The number of medicinal genera accounted for 71.2% of Orchidaceae genera in Jiangxi province,20.1% of Orchidaceae genera in China,76.9% of Orchidaceae species in Jiangxi province and 31.2% of Orchidaceae medicinal species in China. There are abundant resources of Orchidaceae medicinal plants in Jiangxi province,and many species of Orchidaceae medicinal plants have a high medicinal value and ornamental value. However,with the overexploitation and utilization of Orchidaceae medicinal plant resources,some wild Orchidaceae medicinal plant resources are facing exhaustion,and need to urgently strengthen scientific management and protection.