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Objetivo: avaliar os fatores clínicos associados ao bem-estar das mulheres durante o trabalho de parto e parto à luz da bioética principialista e da deontologia. Método: estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa. Participaram 396 puérperas internadas em um hospital municipal do sudoeste da Bahia, e os dados foram coletados no período de janeiro a maio de 2023, após aprovação do comitê de ética em pesquisa. Os dados foram organizados no software Excel e analisados via SPSS v.25. a partir da regressão logística multinomial. Resultados: a maior parte da amostra apresentou bem-estar com assistência em saúde, mulheres que tiveram parto realizado por profissionais não médicos apresentaram mais chances de níveis de bem-estar "adequado". E mulheres que não tiveram a via de parto cesárea apresentaram aumento de chances de bem-estar. Conclusão: é necessário que os profissionais reflitam sobre suas ações, condicionando-as à humanização no parto, em observância aos princípios bioéticos.

Objective: to evaluate the clinical factors associated with women's well-being during labor and delivery in the light of bioethics principlism and deontology. Method: a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted. It involved 396 postpartum women admitted to a municipal hospital in the southwest of Bahia. Data were collected from January to May 2023, after approval from the research ethics committee. The data were tabulated using Excel software and analyzed using SPSS v.25 through Multinomial Logistic Regression. Results: majority of the sample exhibited well-being with health care assistance. Women who underwent delivery performed by non-medical professionals showed higher chances of "adequate" levels of well-being. Additionally, women who did not undergo cesarean delivery showed increased chances of well-being. Conclusion: It is necessary for professionals to reflect on their actions, conditioning them to the humanization of childbirth, according to bioethical principles.

Objetivo: evaluar los factores clínicos asociados al bienestar de la mujer durante el trabajo de parto y parto a la luz de la bioética y la deontología principialista. Método: estudio transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Incluyó 396 puérperas ingresadas en un hospital municipal del suroeste de Bahía. Recolección de datos de enero a mayo de 2023, con aprobación del comité de ética en investigación. Los datos se tabularon en el software Excel y se analizaron mediante SPSS v.25. utilizando regresión logística multinomial. Resultados: la mayoría de las participantes de la muestra presentó bienestar con la atención para la salud; las que tuvieron partos realizados por profesionales no médicos tenían más probabilidades de tener niveles "adecuados" de bienestar; las que no tuvieron parto por cesárea tenían mayores probabilidades de tener bienestar. Conclusión: es necesario que los profesionales reflexionen sobre sus acciones y las adecuen para humanizar el parto, respetando los principios bioéticos.

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AIM/BACKGROUND: Both mental maternal health and breastfeeding difficulties impact maternal and infant health. The present study analyses the association between psychosocial and breastfeeding variables and maternal mental health. DESIGN/METHODS: The participants were 107 first-time mothers from Chile. Sociodemographic variables and breastfeeding difficulties were assessed at 6 weeks postpartum. Depression and anxiety symptoms, parental self-efficacy, and perceived social support were measured using validated, self-report questionnaires at 6 weeks and 5 months postpartum. This study is a secondary analysis of an intervention trial. RESULTS: 76% of the women reported having experienced some breastfeeding difficulty in the first postpartum weeks. The number of breastfeeding difficulties was associated with maternal mental health symptoms at 6 weeks postpartum and parental self-efficacy at both assessment times. Women who did not experience breastfeeding difficulties presented significantly fewer depressive (t(102) = 2.5, p = .015) and anxiety symptoms (t(50) = 2.3, p = .028) at 6 weeks postpartum than those who did. Mothers who exclusively breastfed at 5 months postpartum presented significantly higher parental self-efficacy (t(94) = 2.4, p = .044). A higher number of breastfeeding difficulties and low perceived social support contributed to higher depressive symptoms (R2 = .30; F(3,103) = 14.6, p < .001), anxiety symptoms (R2 = .32, F(3.103) = 17.27, p < .001) and lower parental self-efficacy at 6 weeks postpartum (R2 = .39; F(2,103) = 9.4, p < .001). CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding difficulties and social support are associated with fewer mental health symptoms and higher parental self-efficacy during early postpartum in first-time mothers.

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Introducción: El bajo peso al nacer se considera un indicador de morbilidad y mortalidad perinatales. Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados con el bajo peso al nacer en el área de salud del Policlínico Docente Ramón López Peña, de Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico observacional de tipo caso-control, que incluyó a 20 neonatos con bajo peso al nacer (casos), y otro grupo integrado por 80 bebés, los cuales no presentaron dicha condición (controles), pertenecientes al área de salud señalada, desde enero hasta diciembre del 2021. Se determinó la razón de productos cruzados, el intervalo de confianza, la prueba de Ji al cuadrado y el riesgo atribuible en expuesto porcentual. Resultados: El parto pretérmino, el embarazo múltiple y el bajo peso materno presentaron una razón de productos cruzados de 13,7; 7 y 3,2, respectivamente. De igual manera, esta resultó elevada en las enfermedades relacionadas con la gestación, tales como anemia, hipertensión arterial e infecciones vaginal y urinaria. Conclusiones: El peso deficiente a la captación, el parto pretérmino, el embarazo múltiple y la presencia de enfermedades relacionadas con la gestación fueron los factores de riesgo asociados con el bajo peso al nacer.

Introduction: The low birth weight is considered an indicator of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with low birth weight in a health area of Ramón Lopez Peña Teaching Polyclinic, in Santiago de Cuba. Methods: An observational analytic case-control study was carried out, that included 20 newborns with low birth weight (cases), and another group integrated by 80 infants, who didn't present this condition (controls), belonging to the health area abovementioned, from January to December, 2021. The ratio of crossed products, the confidence interval, chi-square test and the attributable risk in exposed percentage were determined. Results: The preterm birth, multiple pregnancy and low maternal weight presented a ratio of crossed products of 13.7; 7 and 3.2, respectively. In a same way, it was elevated in the diseases related to pregnancy, such as anemia, hypertension and vaginal and urinary infections. Conclusions: The inadequate weight at the first prenatal visit, preterm childbirth, multiple pregnancy and the presence of diseases related to pregnancy were the risk factors associated with low birth weight.

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Background: Low maternal self-efficacy and high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress can be triggered in adolescent mothers due to an incomplete development process that makes them physically or psychologically unprepared for the responsibilities of motherhood and parenting. These factors may be linked to difficulties with their children's social-emotional development. The present study aims to: (a) analyze the relationship between maternal self-efficacy and stress, depression, and anxiety levels in low-income adolescent mothers; (b) examine the relationship between maternal self-efficacy and well-being with children's social-emotional development; and (c) describe the effects of maternal self-efficacy on children's social-emotional development, mediated by maternal well-being. Methods: A sample of 79 dyads comprising low-income Chilean adolescent mothers aged from 15 to 21 years old (M = 19.1, SD = 1.66) and their children aged 10 to 24 months (M = 15.5, SD = 4.2) participated in this research. A set of psychometric scales was used to measure maternal self-efficacy (Parental Evaluation Scale, EEP), the mothers' anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), maternal stress (Parental Stress Scale, PSS), and the children's social-emotional development (Ages and Stages Questionnaire Socio-emotional, ASQ-SE). Bivariate analyses and mediation models were employed to estimate and test the relevant relationships. Results: A bivariate analysis showed that maternal self-efficacy was negatively related to the mother's anxiety, depression, and stress. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between maternal self-efficacy and maternal stress, and children's self-regulation and social-emotional development. Maternal self-efficacy, mediated by maternal anxiety, depression, and stress scores, had a significant effect on the development of children's self-regulation. Conclusions: The results confirm the importance of adolescent mothers' emotional well-being and maternal self- efficacy with respect to their children's social-emotional development. This makes it necessary to have detailed information about how emotional and self-perception status influences a mother's role in the development of her children.

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RESUMO Objetivo Analisar as contribuições de programas e políticas públicas para a melhoria da saúde materna. Método Estudo histórico-reflexivo na perspectiva do referencial teórico dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos. Resultados A saúde materna está inserida nos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, sendo estes vistos como direitos humanos e de responsabilidade do Estado. Muitos programas e políticas públicas têm sido desenvolvidos e aprimorados com o objetivo de melhorar a saúde materna e de colaborar no cumprimento do quinto objetivo do desenvolvimento do milênio. Conclusões O desenvolvimento e o aprimoramento de programas e políticas públicas tiveram importante papel na organização dos sistemas de saúde de modo a se refletirem na melhoria dos indicadores de saúde materna. Entretanto, a perpetuação de elevados índices de mortalidade materna ao longo dos anos ressalta a necessidade de se repensar a trajetória percorrida até o presente momento.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar las aportaciones de las políticas públicas y programas para mejorar la salud materna. Método Estudio histórico y reflexivo desde la perspectiva del marco teórico de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos. Resultados la salud materna está incrustada en los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, que son vistos como derechos humanos y la responsabilidad del Estado. Muchos programas y políticas se han desarrollado y mejorado como el objetivo de mejorar la salud materna y colaborar en el cumplimiento del quinto Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio. Conclusiones El desarrollo y la mejora de los programas y políticas públicas juegan un papel importante en la organización de los sistemas de salud, para reflexionar sobre la mejora de los indicadores de salud materna. Sin embargo, la perpetuación de los altos niveles de mortalidad materna en los últimos años pone de relieve la necesidad de repensar la trayectoria hasta la fecha.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the contributions of public policies and programs to the improvement of maternal health. Method Historical and reflective study from the perspective of the theoretical framework of sexual and reproductive rights. Results maternal health is embedded in sexual and reproductive rights, which are seen as human rights and a responsibility of the state. Many programs and policies have been developed and improved in order to bring advancements to maternal health and contribute to meeting the fifth Millennium Development Goal. Conclusions The development and enhancement of programs and policies played an important role in the organization of health systems, reflecting on improvements achieved in maternal health indicators. However, the perpetuation of high levels of maternal mortality over the years underscores the need to rethink the path trailed to date.

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Objetivo: comprender los significados de la maternidad para las gestantes, con el fin de orientar la promoción de la salud materno-infantil. Materiales y métodos: investigación cualitativa, con sustento teórico en el interaccionismo simbólico y el método de la teoría fundamentada. Previo consentimiento informado se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a 18 gestantes mayores de 14 años, de diferentes estratos socioeconómicos, residentes en Bucaramanga (Colombia). También se observaron sus interacciones con otras gestantes y con personal de salud en las instituciones donde reciben atención prenatal. La información fue analizada paralelamente con su recolección mediante codificación abierta y categorización basada en el método de comparación constante y muestreo teórico, hasta lograr la saturación de las categorías. Los resultados se validaron en grupos focales con gestantes. Resultados: emergieron categorías que dan cuenta de la maternidad como proceso, con preocupación, responsabilidad, adaptación/acomodación y como una experiencia positiva. Como categoría central surgió la maternidad como proceso transformador con experiencias positivas y construcción de vínculos. Discusión: para las gestantes, la maternidad tiene distintos significados y matices, principalmente desde sus componentes socioculturales, aspectos que se deben tener en cuenta para orientar la promoción de la salud materno-infantil y el cuidado materno. Conclusiones: la maternidad es un proceso complejo y de transformación personal que ayuda a las gestantes a formar vínculos con su hijo, con la pareja y con los familiares que la apoyan. Durante esta experimentan sentimientos encontrados de alegría y satisfacción, junto con preocupación y angustia por los retos que implica la maternidad. Entender este proceso orienta el quehacer de los profesionales de la salud hacia una atención prenatal armonizada con las expectativas de la gestante.

Objective: Understand what motherhood means to pregnant women as a basis for guiding maternal-infant health promotion. Materials and methods: This is a qualitative study founded theoretically in symbolic interactionism and the grounded theory method. Following prior informed consent, in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 pregnant women over 14 years of age in different socioeconomic brackets. All were residents of Bucaramanga (Colombia). Their interactions with other pregnant women and with health workers also were observed at the institutions where they receive prenatal care. The information was analyzed in parallel to its collection, through open codification and categorization based on the constant comparative method and theoretical sampling, until saturation of the categories was achieved. The results were validated in focus groups with pregnant women. Results: Categories emerged that show motherhood as an affirmative experience and a process marked by concern, responsibility and adaptation / accommodation. Motherhood as a transformative development with positive experiences and the building of ties emerged as the central category. Discussion: Motherhood has different meanings and nuances for pregnant women, based largely on their socio-cultural components. These aspects must be considered in efforts to guide the promotion of maternal-infant health and maternal care. Conclusions: Motherhood is a complex process and one of personal transformation that helps the pregnant woman to form a bond with her child, with her partner and with the family members who support her. During this process, she experiences feelings of joy and satisfaction, along with concern and anxiety about the challenges motherhood poses. Understanding this process will help to orient the work of health professionals towards prenatal care that is consistent with the expectations of the pregnant woman.

Objetivo: compreender os significados da maternidade para as gestantes a fim de orientar a promoção da saúde materno-infantil. Materiais e métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, com base teórica no interacionismo simbólico e o método da teoria fundamentada. Com prévio consentimento informado, realizaram-se entrevistas em profundidade a 18 gestantes maiores de 14 anos, de diferentes classes socioeconômicas, residentes em Bucaramanga (Colômbia). Também se observaram suas interações com outras gestantes e com pessoal de saúde nas instituições onde recebem atendimento pré-natal. A informação foi analisada paralelamente com sua coleta mediante codificação aberta e categorização baseada no método de comparação constante e amostragem teórica, até atingir a saturação das categorias. Os resultados foram validados em grupos focais com gestantes. Resultados: emergiram categorias que dão conta da maternidade como processo, com preocupação, responsabilidade, adaptação/acomodação e como uma experiência positiva. Como categoria central, surgiu a maternidade como processo transformador com experiências positivas e construção de vínculos. Discussão: para as gestantes, a maternidade tem diferentes significados e nuances, principalmente de seus componentes socioculturais, aspectos que devem ser considerados para orientar a promoção da saúde materno-infantil e do cuidado materno. Conclusões: a maternidade é um processo complexo e de transformação pessoal que ajuda as gestantes a formarem vínculos com seu filho, com seu companheiro(a) e com os familiares que a apoiam. Durante esta, experimentam sentimentos encontrados de alegria e satisfação, junto com preocupação e angústia pelos desafios que a maternidade implica. Entender esse processo orienta o fazer dos profissionais da saúde a um atendimento pré-natal harmonizado com as expectativas da gestante.

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O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a estrutura disponível nas unidades da Estratégia Saúde da Família para prestação da assistência pré-natal na cidade de Cuiabá, Estado de Mato Grosso, na perspectiva de avaliação de serviços de saúde proposta por Donabedian. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de avaliação de qualidade em saúde de abordagem quantitativa. Foi desenvolvida com a utilização de dados secundários do banco de dados do grupo de pesquisa Argos/Gerar. Os resultados revelaram que as unidades contavam com estrutura física deficitária, uma vez que várias delas não possuíam sala de pré-consulta e sala de reuniões. A falta de equipamentos, dentre eles o sonar Doppler e o estetoscópio Pinard, prejudica a assistência pré-natal. A dimensão de recursos humanos foi a mais deficitária, devido à não permanência de alguns profissionais na unidade, evidenciando grande rotatividade, principalmente dos técnicos de enfermagem e médicos. Na classificação geral, a dimensão mais comprometida foi a de recursos humanos. Por sua vez, a dimensão melhor classificada foi a de sistema de informação. Embora os aspectos relativos à estrutura das unidades básicas de saúde para atendimento pré-natal tenham sido considerados parcialmente adequados neste estudo, em relação à classificação geral, as unidades de saúde da família de Cuiabá, MT, ainda estão deficitárias em vários quesitos.

The goal of this study was to assess the structure available at Family Health Strategy units for the provision of prenatal care in the city of Cuiabá, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, from the perspective of health services assessment proposed by Donabedian. This research assesses health quality from a quantitative approach. It was carried out using secondary data from the database of the Argos/Gerar Research Group. The results revealed that the units had deficient physical structure, since many of them did not have a pre-consultation room and a conference room. The lack of equipment, including Doppler sonar and Pinard stethoscopes, undermines prenatal care. The dimension 'human resources' was the most deficient, due to the non-permanence of some professionals in the unit, highlighting intense turnover, mainly of nursing technicians and physicians. In the general classification, the most compromised dimension was 'human resources'. In turn, the best classified dimension was 'information system'. Although the aspects regarding the structure of basic health units for prenatal care have been considered partially inadequate in this study, family health units of Cuiabá, MT, are still deficient on several aspects with respect to the general classification

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Introducción: a través del control y análisis de la morbilidad materna extremadamente grave se tiene una forma acertada y precisa para evaluar el nivel de salud, pues se considera un indicador muy asociado a la muerte materna y una alternativa válida para utilizarla como indicador de la calidad de los cuidados maternos. Objetivo: caracterizar la morbilidad materna extremadamente grave en Camagüey. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, desde enero hasta diciembre del año 2009, con un universo de 72 pacientes que fueron diagnosticadas como morbilidad materna extremadamente grave en los hospitales maternos de Camagüey y la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Provincial, según criterios de clasificación. La información se obtuvo mediante la historia clínica de cada gestante durante su atención prenatal y hospitalaria. Resultados: el grupo etario que prevaleció fue el de mayor de 35 años. Se identificaron como riesgo la malnutrición, la hipertensión arterial, la anemia y la infección vaginal. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico de esta entidad se realizó fundamentalmente durante el parto, y la hemorragia obstétrica es la principal causa de morbilidad(AU)

Introduction: extremely severe maternal morbidity is closely associated with maternal death and a valid alternative as an indicator of the quality of maternal health care. Therefore, its control and analysis constitute an accurate, precise method to evaluate health status. Objective: characterize extremely severe maternal morbidity in Camagüey. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2009 of 72 patients diagnosed with extremely severe maternal morbidity at Camagüey maternal hospitals and the Intensive Care Unit at the Provincial Hospital, following classification criteria. Data about the pregnant women's prenatal and hospital care were obtained from their medical records. Results: the over-35 age group prevailed. The risk factors identified were malnutrition, arterial hypertension, anemia and vaginal infection. Conclusions: the condition was mostly diagnosed during delivery, obstetric hemorrhage being the main cause of morbidity(AU)

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Introducción: a través del control y análisis de la morbilidad materna extremadamente grave se tiene una forma acertada y precisa para evaluar el nivel de salud, pues se considera un indicador muy asociado a la muerte materna y una alternativa válida para utilizarla como indicador de la calidad de los cuidados maternos. Objetivo: caracterizar la morbilidad materna extremadamente grave en Camagüey. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, desde enero hasta diciembre del año 2009, con un universo de 72 pacientes que fueron diagnosticadas como morbilidad materna extremadamente grave en los hospitales maternos de Camagüey y la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Provincial, según criterios de clasificación. La información se obtuvo mediante la historia clínica de cada gestante durante su atención prenatal y hospitalaria. Resultados: el grupo etario que prevaleció fue el de mayor de 35 años. Se identificaron como riesgo la malnutrición, la hipertensión arterial, la anemia y la infección vaginal. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico de esta entidad se realizó fundamentalmente durante el parto, y la hemorragia obstétrica es la principal causa de morbilidad

Introduction: extremely severe maternal morbidity is closely associated with maternal death and a valid alternative as an indicator of the quality of maternal health care. Therefore, its control and analysis constitute an accurate, precise method to evaluate health status. Objective: characterize extremely severe maternal morbidity in Camagüey. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2009 of 72 patients diagnosed with extremely severe maternal morbidity at Camagüey maternal hospitals and the Intensive Care Unit at the Provincial Hospital, following classification criteria. Data about the pregnant women's prenatal and hospital care were obtained from their medical records. Results: the over-35 age group prevailed. The risk factors identified were malnutrition, arterial hypertension, anemia and vaginal infection. Conclusions: the condition was mostly diagnosed during delivery, obstetric hemorrhage being the main cause of morbidity

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