RESUMEN

Glycerol is a carbon source that produces good biomass under mixotrophic conditions. Enhancing the composition of culture media in algae biomass production improves growth rates, biomass yield, nutrient utilization efficiency, and overall cost-effectiveness. Among the key nutrients in the medium, nitrogen plays a pivotal role. Urea can be effectively used as a nitrogen source and is considered a low-cost form of nitrogen compared to other sources. Urea metabolism releases some CO2 in photosynthesis, and magnesium plays a major role in urea uptake. Magnesium is another key nutrient that is key in photosynthesis and other metabolic reactions. To maximize glycerol consumption in the mixotrophic system and to obtain high biomass and lipid productions, the variations in MgSO4·7H2O and urea concentrations were evaluated in the growth medium of the microalgae. A response surface methodology (RSM) using a central composite design (CCD) was designed to maximize glycerol consumption at the initial cellular growth rates (up to four days). The magnesium and urea supply varied from 0.3 to 1.7 g L-1. Response surface methodology was utilized to analyze the results, and the highest glycerol consumption rate, 770.2 mg L-1 d-1, was observed when C. vulgaris was grown at 1.7 g L-1 urea, 1.0 g L-1 MgSO4·7H2O. Using the optimal urea and magnesium concentrations with acetate, glucose, and glycerol as carbon sources, the same lipid content (10% average) was achieved on day 4 of mixotrophic C. vulgaris culture. Overall, the results show that mixotrophic growth of C. vulgaris using urea with an optimum magnesium concentration yields large amounts of fatty acids and that the carbon source greatly influences the profile of the fatty acids.

RESUMEN

Magnesium ions are abundant and play indispensable functions in the ribosome. A decrease in Mg2+ concentration causes 70S ribosome dissociation and subsequent unfolding. Structural distortion at low Mg2+ concentrations has been observed in an immature pre50S, while the structural changes in mature subunits have not yet been studied. Here, we purified the 30S subunits of E. coli cells under various Mg2+ concentrations and analyzed their structural distortion by cryo-electron microscopy. Upon systematically interrogating the structural heterogeneity within the 1 mM Mg2+ dataset, we observed 30S particles with different levels of structural distortion in the decoding center, h17, and the 30S head. Our model showed that, when the Mg2+ concentration decreases, the decoding center distorts, starting from h44 and followed by the shifting of h18 and h27, as well as the dissociation of ribosomal protein S12. Mg2+ deficiency also eliminates the interactions between h17, h10, h15, and S16, resulting in the movement of h17 towards the tip of h6. More flexible structures were observed in the 30S head and platform, showing high variability in these regions. In summary, the structures resolved here showed several prominent distortion events in the decoding center and h17. The requirement for Mg2+ in ribosomes suggests that the conformational changes reported here are likely shared due to a lack of cellular Mg2+ in all domains of life.

Asunto(s)

Escherichia coli , Magnesio , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Magnesio/metabolismo , Microscopía por Crioelectrón , Proteínas Ribosómicas/metabolismo , Ribosomas/metabolismo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: There are several controversies regarding the association between serum magnesium depletion and microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, this study aimed to assess serum magnesium concentrations in Type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria and normoalbuminuria in Birjand, Iran, in 2019. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 25 type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria were enrolled as the case group and 25 type 2 diabetes patients with normoalbuminuria as the control group. Both groups were matched for age, sex, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Blood samples were obtained for serum magnesium measurement. RESULTS: Our findings showed no significant difference between serum magnesium concentration in the case and control groups (mean serum magnesium concentration for case group: 2.34 ± 0.35 mg/dl and control group: 2.27 ± 0.33 mg/dl). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis did not show any correlation between serum magnesium levels and urine albumin levels in patients with microalbuminuria versus patients with normoalbuminuria (r = 0.06, p = 0.67). CONCLUSION: This study did not indicate a correlation between serum magnesium concentrations and microalbuminuria in Type 2 diabetic patients.

Asunto(s)

Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Nefropatías Diabéticas , Hipertensión , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Magnesio , Estudios Transversales , Albuminuria , Nefropatías Diabéticas/orina

RESUMEN

Observational studies on dietary or circulating magnesium and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stage 1-4 have reported no-to-modest inverse associations. 24 h Urinary magnesium concentration (24 h UMg), an indicator of intestinal magnesium absorption, may provide better insight into the connection of CKD progression. We examined 3179 participants aged 18-74 years with CKD stage 1-4 in the Chinese Cohort Study of Chronic Kidney Disease (C-STRIDE) study, a prospective population-based cohort study. Data were analysed using Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients for all comparisons. We also performed a time-to-event analysis of the data using the Kaplan-Meier survival model, Cox proportional hazard model and competing risk Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard model. During a median follow-up of 4.19 years (interquartile range, 3.43-5.09 years), when modelling end-stage renal disease (ESRD), CVD and death, 24 h UMg was associated with risk of CVD (HR, 1.612 (95% CI, 1.056-2.460)), while no significant association with ESRD and death endpoints could be detected. 24 h UMg risk variants display a modest association with CVD in CKD stage 1-4 patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03041987. Registered January 1, 2012. (retrospectively registered) (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03041987?term=Chinese+Cohort+Study+of+Chronic+Kidney+Disease+%28C-STRIDE%29&rank=1).

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Magnesio/orina , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/orina , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Femenino , Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedad Cardiaca , Humanos , Incidencia , Fallo Renal Crónico/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is routinely treated with B-vitamins. However, the relationship between thiamine status and outcome is rarely examined. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between thiamine and magnesium status in patients with AWS. METHODS: Patients (n = 127) presenting to the Emergency Department with AWS were recruited to a prospective observational study. Blood samples were drawn to measure whole blood thiamine diphosphate (TDP) and serum magnesium concentrations. Routine biochemistry and haematology assays were also conducted. The Glasgow Modified Alcohol Withdrawal Score (GMAWS) measured severity of AWS. Seizure history and current medications were also recorded. RESULTS: The majority of patients (99%) had whole blood TDP concentration within/above the reference interval (275-675 ng/gHb) and had been prescribed thiamine (70%). In contrast, the majority of patients (60%) had low serum magnesium concentrations (< 0.75 mmol/L) and had not been prescribed magnesium (93%). The majority of patients (66%) had plasma lactate concentrations above 2.0 mmol/L. At 1 year, 13 patients with AWS had died giving a mortality rate of 11%. Male gender (p < 0.05), BMI < 20 kg/m2 (p < 0.01), GMAWS max ≥ 4 (p < 0.05), elevated plasma lactate (p < 0.01), low albumin (p < 0.05) and elevated serum CRP (p < 0.05) were associated with greater 1-year mortality. Also, low serum magnesium at time of recruitment to study and low serum magnesium at next admission were associated with higher 1-year mortality rates, (84% and 100% respectively; both p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of low circulating thiamine concentrations were rare and it was regularly prescribed in patients with AWS. In contrast, low serum magnesium concentrations were common and not prescribed. Low serum magnesium was associated more severe AWS and increased 1-year mortality.

Asunto(s)

Alcoholismo/complicaciones , Magnesio/sangre , Síndrome de Abstinencia a Sustancias/sangre , Síndrome de Abstinencia a Sustancias/mortalidad , Tiamina/sangre , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Síndrome de Abstinencia a Sustancias/patología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Low magnesium (Mg) levels are linked to many diseases. Studies suggest that organic salts of Mg are more readily bioavailable than its oxide or inorganic salts used for supplements production. Unfortunately, the plethora of variables in the previous study designs complicates the making of any clear and reliable conclusions. METHODS: 14 healthy males were supplemented for five days with 400 mg Mg to saturate Mg pools before intake of the test products. Bioavailability of 400 mg Mg from Mg citrate (MgC) and Mg oxide (MgO) after single-dose administration was assessed by measuring renal Mg excretion in 24-h urine and blood plasma [Mg] at time points 0, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h. RESULTS: Single-dose MgC supplementation led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in 24 h urinary Mg excretion, but this was not significant following MgO. Plasma [Mg] was also significantly higher for MgC than for MgO at 4 h (P < 0.05) and 8 h (P < 0.05). Compared with baseline levels, MgC supplementation showed a significant increase in plasma [Mg] at all time points, in contrast to MgO. CONCLUSIONS: MgC shows higher bioavailability compared with MgO. Furthermore, urinary Mg excretion should be determined as the primary endpoint of Mg bioavailability studies.

Asunto(s)

Ácido Cítrico/orina , Óxido de Magnesio/orina , Magnesio/orina , Compuestos Organometálicos/orina , Adulto , Disponibilidad Biológica , Ácido Cítrico/farmacocinética , Estudios Cruzados , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Magnesio/administración & dosificación , Magnesio/farmacocinética , Óxido de Magnesio/farmacocinética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Compuestos Organometálicos/farmacocinética , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

We conducted a 12-month fine root decomposition experiment under 19-year-old Mytilaria laosensis and Cunninghamia lanceolate plantations to explore the dynamics of nutrient concentration and microbial community composition. The aim of this study was to provide insights into nutrient cycling under plantations with different tree species. Our results showed that the initial concentrations of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were significantly higher in the fine root of M. laosensis than those in C. lanceolata, which significantly decreased with decomposition. Nitrogen (N) concentration in fine roots of both species increased with decay time. The variation of N concentration in fine root of C. lanceolata lagged behind that in M. laosensis. During the decomposition, magnesium (Mg) concentration in fine root of C. lanceolata showed no significant changes, but that of M. laosensis decreased at the initial decay stage and increased thereafter and was significantly lower than that of C. lanceolata at the 8th month. The ratio of fungi to bacteria (F/B) of both species decreased at the initial stage and then increased, with significantly higher F/B in fine root of M. laosensis than that of C. lanceolate after one-year decay. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that changes in N and K concentrations and C/N ratio explained 37.2%, 14.5% and 14.8% of the variations in microbial community composition of C. lanceolata fine root respectively. However, during the decay of M. laosensis fine root, concentrations of Mg and K were key factors, accounting for 35.9% and 17.6% of the variations in microbial community composition, respectively. We concluded that other nutrients beyond N, such as Mg, might also be an important factor affecting root decomposition in different tree species.

Asunto(s)

Cunninghamia , Hamamelidaceae , Raíces de Plantas , Microbiología del Suelo , Nitrógeno , Suelo/química , Árboles

RESUMEN

When facing seawater undersaturated towards calcium carbonates, spines of classical sea urchins (euechinoids) show traces of corrosion although they are covered by an epidermis. Cidaroids (a sister clade of euechinoids) are provided with mature spines devoid of epidermis, which makes them, at first sight, more sensitive to dissolution when facing undersaturated seawater. A recent study showed that spines of a tropical cidaroid are resistant to dissolution due to the high density and the low magnesium concentration of the peculiar external spine layer, the cortex. The biofilm and epibionts covering the spines was also suggested to take part in the spine protection. Here, we investigate the protective role of these factors in different cidaroid species from a broad range of latitude, temperature and depth. The high density of the cortical layer and the cover of biofilm and epibionts were confirmed as key protection against dissolution. The low magnesium concentration of cidaroid spines compared to that of euechinoid ones makes them less soluble in general.

Asunto(s)

Adaptación Fisiológica , Erizos de Mar/fisiología , Agua de Mar/química , Animales , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Océanos y Mares , Temperatura , Contaminantes del Agua/toxicidad

RESUMEN

In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), the handling of magnesium is disturbed. Magnesium deficiency may be associated with a higher risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We investigated the associations between (1) dietary magnesium intake; (2) 24 h urinary magnesium excretion; and (3) plasma magnesium concentration with prevalent CHD in T2D patients. This cross-sectional analysis was performed on baseline data from the DIAbetes and LifEstyle Cohort Twente-1 (DIALECT-1, n = 450, age 63 ± 9 years, 57% men, and diabetes duration of 11 (7-18) years). Prevalence ratios (95% CI) of CHD by sex-specific quartiles of magnesium indicators, as well as by magnesium intake per dietary source, were determined using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. CHD was present in 100 (22%) subjects. Adjusted CHD prevalence ratios for the highest compared to the lowest quartiles were 0.40 (0.20, 0.79) for magnesium intake, 0.63 (0.32, 1.26) for 24 h urinary magnesium excretion, and 0.62 (0.32, 1.20) for plasma magnesium concentration. For every 10 mg increase of magnesium intake from vegetables, the prevalence of CHD was, statistically non-significantly, lower (0.75 (0.52, 1.08)). In this T2D cohort, higher magnesium intake, higher 24 h urinary magnesium excretion, and higher plasma magnesium concentration are associated with a lower prevalence of CHD.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedad Coronaria/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Dieta , Deficiencia de Magnesio/epidemiología , Magnesio/administración & dosificación , Estado Nutricional , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/orina , Enfermedad Coronaria/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Coronaria/metabolismo , Enfermedad Coronaria/prevención & control , Estudios Transversales , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Magnesio/sangre , Magnesio/orina , Deficiencia de Magnesio/diagnóstico , Deficiencia de Magnesio/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Factores Protectores , Ingesta Diaria Recomendada , Factores de Riesgo

RESUMEN

Total serum magnesium (Mg) concentration (SMC) is commonly used to assess Mg status. This study reports current SMCs of Canadians and their associations with demographic factors, diabetes, and measures of glycemic control and insulin resistance using results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 3 (2012-2013). Associations were examined in adults aged 20-79 years using linear mixed models. Mean SMCs and percentile distributions for 11 sex-age groups between 3 and 79 years (n = 5561) are reported. SMCs were normally distributed and differences (p < 0.05) among sex and age groups were small. Between 9.5% and 16.6% of adult sex-age groups had a SMC below the lower cut-off of a population-based reference interval (0.75-0.955 mmol·L-1) established in the United States population as part of the NHANES I conducted in 1971-1974. Having diabetes was associated with 0.04 to 0.07 mmol·L-1 lower SMC compared to not having diabetes in the various models. Body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, serum glucose and insulin concentrations, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were negatively associated with SMC. This is the first study to report SMCs in a nationally representative sample of the Canadian population. A substantial proportion of Canadians are hypomagnesaemic in relation to a population-based reference interval, and SMC was negatively associated with diabetes and indices of glycemic control and insulin resistance.

Asunto(s)

Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Resistencia a la Insulina , Deficiencia de Magnesio/epidemiología , Magnesio/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Glucemia/metabolismo , Canadá , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Femenino , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Humanos , Insulina/sangre , Deficiencia de Magnesio/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas Nutricionales , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

Magnesium oxide (MgO) tablets are widely used as laxatives in patients with constipation. Recently, the "Revision of Precautions on the Use of Magnesium Oxide" has been issued by the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, warning against the risk of hypermagnesemia with the use of MgO. However, the majority of physicians continue to administer MgO for constipation without adequately considering its safe use. In the present study, we performed two analyses using an identical lot of MgO tablets and evaluated the risk of hypermagnesemia. Approximately 90% of the MgO tablets dissolved within 120 min in dissolution testing; it was believed to form an absorbable state for magnesium. With orally administered MgO, 15% is absorbed in the body and 85% is excreted via the feces without being detected in pharmacokinetic analysis. Magnesium absorbed into the plasma demonstrated peak concentration 3 h after administration and was excreted via the urine within 48 h.

Asunto(s)

Laxativos/administración & dosificación , Laxativos/farmacocinética , Óxido de Magnesio/administración & dosificación , Óxido de Magnesio/farmacocinética , Administración Oral , Animales , Óxido de Magnesio/efectos adversos , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Comprimidos , Factores de Tiempo

RESUMEN

AIMS: We investigated the relationship between renal function and serum magnesium concentration in elderly patients treated with magnesium oxide (MgO) in an outpatient setting of an urban hospital in Japan. METHODS: In the present study, 44 elderly outpatients (23 patients with constipation treated with daily oral MgO and 21 untreated patients in the control group) who visited Kameyama municipal medical center were enrolled. Variables were age, sex, weight, height, serum magnesium concentration, serum blood urea nitrogen level, serum creatinine level, use of other magnesium-containing supplements and symptoms associated with hypermagnesemia. We calculated the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and classified patients based on eGFR category. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the MgO group showed a significantly higher concentration of serum magnesium (median 2.2 mg/dL [interquartile range 2.1-2.3] vs 2.4 mg/dL [2.2-2.6], P < 0.001). Hypermagnesemia (>2.6 mg/dL) was noted only in the MgO group. However, symptoms associated with hypermagnesemia occurred in patients from both groups, with no significant difference between groups. In the MgO group, significant difference was seen in the median serum magnesium concentration between eGFR categories (P < 0.05). The category G4 (eGFR 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m(2) ) group had the highest serum magnesium concentration in the MgO group (3.0 mg/L [2.9-3.1]). CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients treated with MgO have higher serum magnesium levels compared with the control group. MgO should be prescribed with caution in patients with low renal function as shown by a GFR category G3b or less (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m(2) ). Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 600-605.

Asunto(s)

Antiácidos/uso terapéutico , Estreñimiento/sangre , Estreñimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular/fisiología , Óxido de Magnesio/uso terapéutico , Magnesio/sangre , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Atención Ambulatoria , Nitrógeno de la Urea Sanguínea , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estreñimiento/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Japón , Masculino

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Low serum magnesium levels in patients with kidney disease have been linked to increased mortality. This study investigated whether similar associations existed in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: All Fresenius Medical Care North America in-center HD patients with available serum magnesium measurements were studied. The initial exploratory study in 21,534 HD patients evaluated associations among serum magnesium level, dialysate magnesium concentration, and mortality from April 2007 through June 2008. The follow-up study in 27,544 HD patients evaluated associations between serum magnesium levels and mortality over 1 year (January through December 2008). PREDICTORS: The primary predictor was serum magnesium level, with adjustment for case-mix (age, sex, race, diabetes, and dialysis vintage and additionally for follow-up study: body surface area and vascular access) and laboratory variables (albumin, hemoglobin, phosphorus, equilibrated Kt/V, potassium, calcium, and intact parathyroid hormone values). OUTCOME: Primary outcome variable was 1-year mortality risk, evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Among 21,534 HD patients in the exploratory study, there were 3,682 deaths. Higher dialysate magnesium level was associated with higher serum magnesium level (R=0.22; P<0.001). Patients with the lowest serum magnesium levels (<1.30 mEq/L) were at highest risk for death (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.30-1.96; reference serum magnesium, 1.60-<1.90 mEq/L). Among 27,544 HD patients in the follow-up study, there were 4,531 deaths. In Cox proportional hazards models, there was a linear decline in death risk from the lowest to the highest serum magnesium category, with the best survival at serum magnesium levels ≥ 2.50 mEq/L (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56-0.82). However, risk estimates were attenuated with case-mix and lab adjustment. This pattern was consistent within diabetes subgroups and for cardiovascular or noncardiovascular causes of death. LIMITATIONS: Observational study with cross-sectional serum magnesium measurements and no information for oral magnesium intake. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated serum magnesium levels > 2.10 mEq/L were associated with better survival than low serum magnesium levels < 1.30 mEq/L in HD patients. Prospective studies may determine whether manipulation of low serum magnesium levels affects survival.

Asunto(s)

Fallo Renal Crónico/sangre , Fallo Renal Crónico/mortalidad , Magnesio/sangre , Diálisis Renal/mortalidad , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Fallo Renal Crónico/diagnóstico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mortalidad/tendencias , Diálisis Renal/efectos adversos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estados Unidos/epidemiología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cardiac surgery is associated with systemic inflammatory response, which is triggered by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and possibly with underlying magnesium deficiency. Animal studies have shown that magnesium deficiency intensifies oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. We aimed to find a link between serum, erythrocyte, cardiac tissue magnesium concentration and C-reactive protein (CRP) as an inflammatory marker in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with CPB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data of 27 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with CPB for ischemic heart disease were analyzed. Measurements were taken at the baseline, i.e., 24 h before surgery (serum magnesium, CRP); time point 1, before CPB (serum, erythrocyte and cardiac tissue magnesium); time point 2, after CPB (serum, erythrocyte and cardiac tissue magnesium), and time point 3, 15-17 h after surgery (serum, erythrocyte magnesium, CRP). RESULTS: There was a negative correlation between baseline serum magnesium and baseline CRP (P=0.009; r=-0.492), negative correlation between cardiac tissue magnesium at the time point 1 and baseline CRP (P=0.021; r=-0.443), and positive correlation between CRP at time point 3 and erythrocyte magnesium at time point 2 (P<0.001; r=0.637). CONCLUSIONS: The data of our study verify that inflammatory marker CRP and magnesium concentration in serum and cardiac tissue before the surgery are inversely related in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with CPB. Well-planned further studies are needed to evaluate the importance of underlying magnesium deficiency on the severity of systemic inflammatory response and postoperative complications after surgery with CPB.

Asunto(s)

Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Puente Cardiopulmonar/efectos adversos , Puente de Arteria Coronaria/efectos adversos , Inflamación/sangre , Deficiencia de Magnesio/sangre , Magnesio/análisis , Isquemia Miocárdica/cirugía , Anciano , Biomarcadores/análisis , Biomarcadores/sangre , Eritrocitos/química , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación/diagnóstico , Inflamación/etiología , Magnesio/sangre , Deficiencia de Magnesio/complicaciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Isquemia Miocárdica/complicaciones , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/sangre , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome represents a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors that has become a public health problem of epidemic proportions. It was proposed that disturbances in phosphate metabolism may represent a key feature of metabolic syndrome, with a high contribution of cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between phosphate levels and the presence of the characteristics of metabolic syndrome, as well as the mechanisms that may responsible for reduced phosphate levels in patients with metabolic syndrome. METHODS: One hundred fifty five subjects are enrolled in the study: 64 with metabolic syndrome and 91 without this syndrome. Biochemical parameters of the metabolic syndrome study populations were compared with healthy population study. RESULTS: Patients with metabolic syndrome showed significantly lower phosphate (46%) and magnesium levels compared with controls (22.7%) (p<0.001).Because fractional excretion of phosphate was similar in both groups, we think that hypophosphatemia in patients with metabolic syndrome can be attributed to decreased dietary intake, as well as internal redistribution of this element. Lower magnesium hyperinsulimemia-induced renal magnesium wasting also may be a contributory factor. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with metabolic syndrome show significantly lower phosphate and magnesium concentrations compared with individuals who do not fulfill criteria for diagnosis of this syndrome. This reduction is likely to be attributed to reduced dietary intake and internal redistribution of phosphate and is more pronounced as the number of components of metabolic syndrome increases. The clinical significance of these disturbances, as well as their importance as targets for preventive or therapeutic interventions, remains to be established.