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Fish skin-derived gelatin has garnered significant attention recently due to its abundant availability and promising bioactive properties. This comprehensive review elucidates various intricacies concerning fish skin-derived gelatin peptides, including their preparation techniques, bioactive profiles, underlying mechanisms, and methods for stability enhancement. The review investigates diverse extraction methods and processing approaches for acquiring gelatin peptides from fish skin, emphasizing their impact on the peptide composition and functional characteristics. Furthermore, the review examines the manifold bioactivities demonstrated by fish skin-derived gelatin peptides, encompassing antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, elucidating their potential roles in functional food products, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals. Further, mechanistic insights into the functioning of gelatin peptides are explored, shedding light on their interactions with biological targets and pathways. Additionally, strategies aimed at improving the stability of gelatin peptides, such as encapsulation, modification, and integration into delivery systems, are discussed to extend the shelf life and preserve the bioactivity. Overall, this comprehensive review offers valuable insights into using fish skin-derived gelatin peptides as functional ingredients, providing perspectives for future research endeavors and industrial applications within food science, health, and biotechnology.

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Monitoring recovery during acute pain episodes is useful for identifying youth at-risk for pain persisting. Subjective and objective measures can assess function post-injury, but associations among these different measures and pain patterns in the acute period are unknown. To fill this gap, we examined associations among self-reported activity limitations, objectively measured physical activity, and pain intensity in 176 youth (age 11-17, 46% male) seeking healthcare for acute musculoskeletal pain. Participants completed 7-day electronic diaries rating daily pain intensity and activity limitations (Child Activity Limitations Interview, CALI-9) while concurrently wearing an Actiwatch to record physical activity. Results revealed youth reported pain on 47.8% of days with average intensity of 33.4 (0-100). Averaged across the week, between-participant analyses showed greater activity limitations were associated with lower mean (rActive= -.204, rRoutine= -.159, p<.05) and peak activity (rActive= -.291, rRoutine= -.184, p<.05). Same-day correlations between CALI scores and physical activity measures within participants were not significant. Linear mixed effects models revealed higher daily pain intensity was associated with greater self-reported activity limitations on Routine (ß=.23, p<.001) and Active CALI-9 subscales (ß=.07, p<.001). Conversely, higher daily pain was associated with higher activity on actigraphy, specifically higher mean activity (ß=.46, p<.01), more activity bouts (ß=.013, p<.01), more time in light activity (ß=.04, p<.01), and less sedentary time (ß=-.04, p<.01). Taken together, self-reported activity limitations and objective physical activity represent two distinct, yet related, aspects of physical functioning associated with pain. Future work should examine how physical activity and activity limitations change longitudinally and predict pain persistence. PERSPECTIVE: This study examined daily associations between pain intensity, self-reported activity limitations, and objectively assessed physical activity in youth during the acute recovery period following a musculoskeletal injury. Self-reported activity limitations and objective physical activity represent two distinct, yet related, aspects of physical functioning that are associated with pain. DATA AVAILABILITY: The data, code, and materials necessary to reproduce the analyses presented here are publicly accessible and are available from the first author upon reasonable request.

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BACKGROUND: Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability among survivors. Past literature already investigated the biological sex differences in stroke outcome, still limited work on gender differences is published. Therefore, the study aimed at investigating whether biological sex and sociocultural gender of survivors play a role as determinants of disability and quality of life among stroke survivors across Europe and Canada. METHODS: Data were gathered from the European Health Information Survey (EHIS, n=316,333) and Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS, n=127,462) datasets. Main outcomes of interest were disability, assessed through evaluating the impairment of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (iADL), and inpatient care needs, such as hospitalization or institutionalization. Multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to identify factors independently associated with outcomes. Federated analysis was conducted for cross-country comparisons. Data were adjusted for the country-specific Gender Inequality Index (GII), with higher score corresponding to more gender inequality towards femalesResults: Female survivors showed greater impairments in iADL (OR=1.73, 95% CI 1.53 - 1.96) and ADL (OR=1.25, 95% CI 1.09-1.44), without a corresponding increase in inpatient care needs. Socioeconomic factors such as marital status and income level were significant predictors of disability, with low income and being single/divorced associated with higher risks. The impact of sex was more pronounced in countries with higher GII, indicating the influence of gender inequality on stroke outcomes. INTERPRETATION: The findings highlight the significant impact of biological sex and gender-related social determinants on post-stroke disability, with female sex and unfavorable socioeconomic conditions being associated with worse outcomes.

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BACKGROUND: Perceived social support may enhance subjective wellbeing (SWB) for adults with activities of daily living (ADL) limitations. However, little is known about how social support may mediate (explain) and/or moderate SWB differences among U.S. working-age adults with versus without ADL limitations. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the role of perceived emotional and instrumental support in hedonic, eudaimonic, and evaluative wellbeing among adults with and without ADL limitations. METHODS: Data were from the 2021 National Wellbeing Survey - a national survey of U.S. working-age adults aged 18-64 (N = 3775). We used regression analyses to investigate differences in hedonic, eudaimonic, and evaluative wellbeing between individuals with versus without ADL limitations, as well as the roles of emotional and instrumental social support in explaining observed differences. We used interaction terms to examine whether social support moderated the observed associations. RESULTS: Adults with ADL limitations reported lower SWB than those without limitations across all three dimensions. Depending on the degree of limitations, the associations between ADL limitations and SWB decreased in magnitude or were no longer statistically significant after accounting for emotional and instrumental support. While both types of support were associated with better SWB among the three ADL groups, those with ADL limitations may benefit less from emotional support on both eudaimonic and evaluative wellbeing than those without limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Lower social support may contribute to worse SWB among adults with ADL limitations. Although this subpopulation may benefit from high social support, improving their SWB may require systemic interventions beyond simply enhancing social support.

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INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: Many health systems screen patients for social determinants of health and refer patients with social needs to community service organizations for assistance. However, few studies have examined how social determinants of health change over time in the same individuals. METHODS: We examined patients screened by The MetroHealth System in Cleveland, Ohio for 11 social determinants of health, including food insecurity, financial strain, transportation, housing stability, utilities affordability, other housing problems, intimate partner violence, social connection, physical activity, daily stress, and digital connectivity. We determined changes in these social determinants among patients screened at baseline and again after 6 to 18 months of follow-up. We further examined correlates of changes in food insecurity, because it is a common need among our patients and leads to numerous referrals to community organizations for assistance. RESULTS: A substantial majority of patients had no change in each social determinant. For example, among 18 038 patients screened twice for food insecurity, 13 913 (77.1%) did not screen positive for food insecurity at baseline and follow-up and 1726 (9.6%) screened positive for food insecurity at both times. A total of 1080 (6.0%) did not screen positive for food insecurity at baseline but screened positive at follow-up while 1319 (7.3%) screened positive for food insecurity at baseline but not at follow-up. Among patients screening positive for food insecurity at baseline, screening negative at follow-up was independently associated with being age ≥60 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-2.10), not screening positive for financial strain (OR = 1.64, CI = 1.27-2.13), not screening positive for housing problems (OR = 1.65, CI = 1.28-2.13), and not screening positive for intimate partner violence (OR = 1.45, OR = 1.02-2.08). A longer duration between baseline and follow-up screening was also independently associated with not screening positive for food insecurity at follow-up. Being referred for food assistance was not associated with absence of food insecurity at follow-up (OR = 0.71, CI = 0.47-1.08). CONCLUSIONS: Most patients report no change in specific social determinants of health over 6 to 18 months. Examining changes may identify subgroups at greatest risk for persistence of adverse determinants and help to evaluate the impact of assistance efforts.

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Functional limitations refer to the dependency to perform activities of daily living. Increasing evidence has demonstrated a bidirectional association between functional limitations and cognitive functioning, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated whether social participation bidirectionally mediates the association between functional limitations and cognitive decline. We analyzed a sample of 16,385 middle-aged and older adults (aged over 50 years) using longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS; Waves 1-4). We utilized a cross-lagged panel model to examine the bidirectional mediation of social participation between functional limitations and cognitive functioning over a span of eight years. The results indicated that social participation bidirectionally and partially mediated the relationship between the onset of functional limitations and cognitive decline, indicating that social participation may play an important role in mitigating the disablement process.

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This study investigates the impact of water resource restrictions on thermoelectric and hydroelectric stations, analyzing its influence on demand and electricity prices. It uses General Circulation Models (GCMs) and Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) to forecast future temperature trends and estimate river flow patterns. The research provides insights into climate change's potential effects on water resources and electricity potential. The study shows a significant decrease in river flow, indicating potential issues with hydroelectric and thermoelectric systems. The study also uses an optimized Echo State Network (ESN) for accurate electricity demand, using the Modified Snow Leopard Optimization (MSLO) algorithm as a new metaheuristic model. The simulation results show a consistent increase in electricity demand scenarios, which is expected to lead to higher supply prices due to decreased production capacity. This could have significant economic effects. The investigation provides a comprehensive understanding of water resource management challenges in power production, aiding in informed decisions in the future energy industry.

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Tidal dynamics are a well-known driver of mangrove distribution, with most predictive measures using some form of tidal parameter (tidal plane or hydroperiod) to define mangrove extent. However, these methods often fail to consider the causative reason why mangroves thrive or perish at a specific elevation or how mangrove survivability thresholds can differ across a species' lifecycle. The lack of understanding of the drivers influencing mangrove establishment has resulted in poor success rates for mangrove restoration and creation projects worldwide. A novel mangrove lifecycle model that uses a multi-forcing threshold approach is proposed to simulate Avicennia marina viability across establishment and development phases. The lifecycle model includes critical threshold stages for reproduction, seed dispersal, seedling establishment and development, and mature tree survival. The model was validated at 37 sites in eastern Australia to predict mangrove extent across various estuary types and tidal dynamic conditions. The model accurately calculated the upper (RMSE = 0.0676, R2 = 0.8932) and lower (RMSE = 0.0899, R2 = 0.7417) mangrove surface elevations, providing physiological reasoning for establishment and development. Based on the various conditions tested, the model results highlight the highly dynamic spatial and temporal conditions where Avicennia forests thrive. It was found that stressors influencing mangrove establishment were the primary factor for mangrove extent across all sites. However, estuarine typology is important in forcing threshold limits and establishment opportunities. Estuaries with limited tidal decay (from the oceanic forcing) provide more opportunities for mangroves to establish than estuaries with significant tidal attenuation. Regardless of estuary typology, all sites tested had substantial spatial variability through time. Results from the lifecycle model suggest that mature Avicennia forests establish and thrive under a wide range of hydrologic conditions. This resilience suggests that mature mangroves may be able to withstand increases in climatic and hydrologic pressures via biophysical adaptations, although the upper thresholds and acceptable rates of change are difficult to predict. Overall, this study highlights the value of a new causal method for estimating mangrove extent across various lifecycle stages, locations, and time periods.

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Background. Limited knowledge is available regarding the impact of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) impairments on participation in daily and social activities, which currently hinders occupational therapy practice in this population. Purpose. To describe social participation and explore influencing factors in individuals with OPMD. Methods. Thirty-four individuals were assessed with outcome measures of social participation restrictions, mobility, dysphagia, and fatigue. Spearman correlations and stepwise multiple regression analyses were used. Findings. Results show a negative impact of OPMD on the social participation level, which was more important in participants aged over 60 years. Walking speed was found to be the main factor influencing participation levels for daily and social activities, with faster walking associated with higher participation. Conclusions. This study emphasizes the impact of OPMD impairments and limitations on social participation level. While dysphagia is obviously an important impairment to consider, interventions for mobility limitations should also be considered during clinical follow-up.

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Methane (CH4) hydroxylation into methanol (MeOH) by methanotrophic bacteria is an attractive and sustainable approach to producing MeOH. The model strain Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b has been reported to be an efficient hydroxylating biocatalyst. Previous works have shown that regardless of the bioreactor design or operation mode, MeOH concentration reaches a threshold after a few hours, but there are no investigations into the reasons behind this phenomenon. The present work entails monitoring both MeOH and formate concentrations during CH4 hydroxylation, where neither a gaseous substrate nor nutrient shortage was evidenced. Under the assayed reaction conditions, bacterial stress was shown to occur, but methanol was not responsible for this. Formate addition was necessary to start MeOH production. Nuclear magnetic resonance analyses with 13C-formate proved that the formate was instrumental in regenerating NADH; formate was exhausted during the reaction, but increased quantities of formate were unable to prevent MeOH production stop. The formate mass balance showed that the formate-to-methanol yield was around 50%, suggesting a cell regulation phenomenon. Hence, this study presents the possible physiological causes that need to be investigated further. Finally, to the best of our knowledge, this study shows that the reaction can be achieved in the native bacterial culture (i.e., culture medium containing added methanol dehydrogenase inhibitors) by avoiding the centrifugation steps while limiting the hands-on time and water consumption.

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PURPOSE: Tactical capacity planning is crucial when hospitals must cope with substantial changes in patient requirements, as recently experienced during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, there is only little understanding of the nature of capacity limitations in a hospital, which is essential for effective tactical capacity planning. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: We report a detailed analysis of capacity limitations at a Norwegian tertiary public hospital and conducted 22 in-depth interviews. The informants participated in capacity planning and decision-making during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data are clustered into categories of capacity limitations and a correspondence analysis provides additional insights. FINDINGS: Personnel and information were the most mentioned types of capacity limitations, and middle management and organizational functions providing specialized treatment felt most exposed to capacity limitations. Further analysis reveals that capacity limitations are dynamic and vary across hierarchical levels and organizational functions. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: Future research on tactical capacity planning should take interdisciplinary patient pathways better into account as capacity limitations are dynamic and systematically different for organizational functions and hierarchical levels. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: We argue that our study possesses common characteristics of tertiary public hospitals, including professional silos and fragmentation of responsibilities along patient pathways. Therefore, we recommend operations managers in hospitals to focus more on intra-organizational information flows to increase the agility of their organization. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Our detailed capacity limitation analysis at a tertiary public hospital in Norway during the Covid-19 pandemic provides novel insights into the nature of capacity limitations, which may enhance tactical capacity planning.

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This review aimed to enlighten aspects of welfare from the farm animal-centred point of view rarely addressed such as those anatomical and physiological alterations induced in farm animals to obtain high performance. Hence, the major working hypothesis was that high-producing farm animals developed an imbalance between body structural and functional capacities and the genetic procedures applied to obtain industrial production of animal protein. This is called "disproportionality", a feature which cannot be compensated by feeding and management approaches. Consequences of disproportionality are the insidious development of disturbances of the metabolism, low-grade systemic inflammation and as a final stage, production diseases, developing throughout the productive life span of a farm animal and affecting animal welfare. Based on scientific evidence from literature, the review discusses disproportional conditions in broilers, laying hens, sows, piglets, dairy cows, bulls and calves as the most important farm animals for production of milk, meat, foetuses and eggs. As a conclusion, farm animal welfare must consider analysing issues from an animal-centered point of view because it seems evident that, due to genetics and management pressures, most of farm animals are already beyond their physiological limitations. Animal welfare from an animal-centered point must be addressed as an ethical step to establish limits to the strength placed on the animal's anatomical and physiological functionality. It may allow more sustainable and efficient farm animal production and the availability of healthy animal-derived protein for human nutrition worldwide.

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This study investigated among older Europeans how physical function limitations lead to depressive symptoms and reductions in quality of life and well-being, and vice-versa. Further examined was how years of education moderate these relationships. These objectives were pursued using a sample of Europeans aged 50+ years (N = 46,492) within waves 5 (2013) and 6 (2015) of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. The analyses employed conditional change multilevel mixed-effects linear regressions. Mental health was found to affect physical function limitations, and vice-versa. More education significantly reduced only how earlier mental health problems lead to later physical function limitations, plausibly because of the former's higher controllability. Thus highlighted are education-linked psychosocial resources' protective effects.

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Homologous recombination (HR) is a highly conserved DNA repair system, in which aberrations can lead to the accumulation of DNA damage and genomic scars known as homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). The identification of mutations in key genes (i.e., BRCA1, and BRCA2 (BRCA)) and the quantification of large-scale structural variants (e.g., loss of heterozygosity) are indicators of the HRD phenotype. HRD is a stable biomarker and remains unchanged during recurrence, but fails to reveal the molecular profile of tumor progression. Moreover, interpretation of the current HRD score lacks comprehensiveness, especially for the HR-proficient group. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes play an important role in the repair of DNA single-strand breaks, the blockage of which using PARP inhibitors (PARPi) can generate synthetic lethality in cancer cells with HRD. Although numerous studies have demonstrated that the benefit of PARPi is substantial in ovarian cancer (OC) patients, the efficacy is limited by the development of resistance, and seems to be irrespective of HR and/or BRCA mutation status. Moreover, in addition to improving progression-free survival, long-term benefit as overall survival brought by PARPi for advanced, recurrent and refractory OC patients remains unclear. Therefore, further investigations are needed to uncover the role of HR genes beyond BRCA and their interactions with other oncogenic pathways, to determine the value of HRD in the recurrent setting, and to identify alternative strategies for the precise management of advanced, refractory OC patients.

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This study aims were (i) to describe Italian celiac patients who agreed to participate in the latest web survey and their attitudes toward the GF diet (compliance, perceived limitations, and worries) and (ii) to compare the answers given by the 2011 and 2022 responders. The self-administered questionnaire was distributed through the Italian Coeliac Association channels (link on social media, websites, and newsletters) to all of the celiac patients willing to participate in 2011 and 2022 (2427 and 3529 responders who answered the same questions, respectively). Descriptive analyses and the Pearson's chi-squared test were performed. The responders were 1 to 84 years old and mainly female. The prevalence of adherent patients in 2022 was 91%, with the highest value (94%) in children (≤10 years old) and adolescents (15-17 years old). Overall, young adults were the most worried group. About a decade after the first survey, we observed a decreasing prevalence of transgression events (-5%) and (at least) occasional temptation (-17%), a decreasing prevalence of health-related and general worries, but an increasing prevalence of social life withdrawal. In conclusion, it is important to periodically monitor celiac patients' compliance and attitudes towards the gluten-free diet. As also highlighted in international guidelines, a reorganization of the diagnosis/follow-up visits, including an expert dietary consultation, is needed.

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PURPOSE: Survival rates of lower extremity musculoskeletal tumours (LEMTs) have been increasing. However, patients continue to experience functional limitations after LEMT followed by limb-salvage surgery (LSS). This study aimed to identify factors influencing functional recovery after LSS for LEMT. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of adult patients who underwent LSS for LEMT (n=7) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) with expertise in orthopaedic oncology (n=7). Recruitment continued until data saturation. A combination of deductive and inductive qualitative content analysis was performed to analyse the transcribed data, producing subthemes under the main International Classification of Functioning, disability and health (ICF)-model domains. RESULTS: Four themes were described: (1) bodily functions and structures, (2) activities and participation, (3) environmental factors, and (4) expectations. Physical aspects such as larger resection size and complications negatively affected recovery. The importance of communication strategies of tertiary HCPs and the unfamiliarity of the primary physical therapists with the disease, its surgical treatment, and related consequences were emphasised by both the interviewed patients and HCPs. CONCLUSIONS: Functional recovery after LSS for LEMT is a multifactorial process. To improve patient care, improving (intercollegiate) communication strategies on treatment details and expectations about functional outcomes is warranted.Implications for rehabilitationHealthcare professionals should be aware some patients experience limited functional recovery after limb-salvage surgery (LSS) for lower extremity musculoskeletal tumours.Healthcare professionals should use multiple communication strategies to bridge the gap between the information provided and what the patient recalls.Knowledge exchange and communication between primary and tertiary care should be more extensive.Multidisciplinary consultations and/or case managers are needed to address all aspects of the individual's functional recovery after LSS.

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INTRODUCTION: Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is a cutting-edge test used to detect genetic abnormalities in embryos fertilized through Medically Assisted Reproduction (MAR). PGT aims to ensure that embryos selected for transfer are free of specific genetic conditions or chromosome abnormalities, thereby reducing chances for unsuccessful MAR cycles, complicated pregnancies, and genetic diseases in future children. AREAS COVERED: In PGT, genetics, embryology, and technology progress and evolve together. Biological and technological limitations are described and addressed to highlight complexity and knowledge constraints and draw attention to concerns regarding safety of procedures, clinical validity, and utility, extent of applications and overall ethical implications for future families and society. EXPERT OPINION: Understanding the genetic basis of diseases along with advanced technologies applied in embryology and genetics contribute to faster, cost-effective, and more efficient PGT. Next Generation Sequencing-based techniques, enhanced by improved bioinformatics, are expected to upgrade diagnostic accuracy. Complicating findings such as mosaicism, mt-DNA variants, variants of unknown significance, or variants related to late-onset or polygenic diseases will however need further appraisal. Emphasis on monitoring such emerging data is crucial for evidence-based counseling while standardized protocols and guidelines are essential to ensure clinical value and respect of Ethical, Legal and Societal Issues.