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INTRODUCTION: Orthognathic surgery can lead to sinus alterations, including sinusitis, attributed to the exposure of maxillary sinuses during Le Fort I osteotomy. Furthermore, being a hospital-based procedure, there is potential risk of complications arising from bacteria prevalent in such environments. This study evaluated maxillary sinusitis occurrence and the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the nasal cavity before and after orthognathic surgery. METHODS: Ten patients with dentofacial deformities underwent Le Fort I osteotomy. Clinical evaluations using SNOT-22 questionnaire were performed, and nasal cavity samples were collected pre-surgery and 3-6 months post-surgery to quantify total mesophilic bacteria and detect Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) was performed pre- and post-operatively, and the results were evaluated using the Lund-Mackay system. This study was registered and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of PUCRS (No. 4.683.066). RESULTS: The evaluation of SNOT-22 revealed that five patients showed an improvement in symptoms, while two remained in the same range of interpretation. One patient developed post-operative maxillary sinusitis, which was not detected at the time of evaluation by SNOT-22 or CBCT. CBCT showed a worsening sinus condition in three patients, two of whom had a significant increase in total bacteria count in their nasal cavities. The Brodsky scale was used to assess hypertrophy in palatine tonsils, where 60% of the subjects had grade 1 tonsils, 20% had grade 2 and 20% had grade 3. None of the patients had grade 4 tonsils, which would indicate more than 75% obstruction. Two patients harboured S. aureus and K. pneumoniae in their nasal cavities. Notably, K. pneumoniae, which was multidrug-resistant, was present in the nasal cavity of patients even before surgery, but this did not result in maxillary sinusitis, likely due to the patients' young and healthy condition. CONCLUSION: There was an improvement in signs and symptoms of maxillary sinusitis and quality of life in most patients after orthognathic surgery. However, some patients may still harbour multidrug-resistant bacteria, even if they are asymptomatic. Therefore, a thorough pre-operative assessment is essential to avoid difficult-to-treat post-operative complications.

Asunto(s)

Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Sinusitis Maxilar , Cavidad Nasal , Osteotomía Le Fort , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Cavidad Nasal/microbiología , Cavidad Nasal/diagnóstico por imagen , Sinusitis Maxilar/microbiología , Sinusitis Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Acinetobacter baumannii/aislamiento & purificación , Klebsiella pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , Adolescente , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Deformidades Dentofaciales/cirugía , Deformidades Dentofaciales/microbiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/microbiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico por imagen

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Introduction Lips play a fundamental role in facial attractiveness and in decisions pertaining to orthognathic surgery. Objective To assess the upper lip changes following Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement and/or impaction. Methods In the present retrospective non-randomized clinical trial, we evaluated 3 groups of patients who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy of the maxilla. Group 1 (n = 35) underwent maxillary advancement, group 2 (n = 14), maxillary impaction, and group 3 (n = 11) was submitted to both maxillary advancement and impaction. The lip thickness of all patients was measured preoperatively, and the participants in each group were categorized into two subgroups: thin (< 12 mm) and thick (> 12 mm) lip. The primary (before orthognathic surgery) and final (after orthodontic bracket removal) lateral cephalograms of the patients were analyzed using the Dolphin software. Comparisons were made using the paired t -test and linear regression in the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows software. Results The length of the upper lip increased by 1 mm ( p = 0.012) on average following maxillary advancement, and it decreased by 0.43 mm ( p = 0.24) on average following maxillary impaction. In the maxillary advancement group, the change in angulation of the incisors predicted the incisal display ( p = 0.03). In the maxillary impaction group, skeletal changes in the vertical dimension predicted changes in upper lip length ( p = 0.033). Conclusions Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement significantly increases the length of the upper lip. The assessment of lip thickness prior to surgery can help predict the postoperative results. Changing the angulation of the incisors can predict the incisal display. In maxillary impaction, skeletal changes in the vertical dimension can predict the changes in the length of the upper lip.

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Abstract Introduction Lips play a fundamental role in facial attractiveness and in decisions pertaining to orthognathic surgery. Objective To assess the upper lip changes following Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement and/or impaction. Methods In the present retrospective non-randomized clinical trial, we evaluated 3 groups of patients who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy of the maxilla. Group 1 (n = 35) underwent maxillary advancement, group 2 (n = 14), maxillary impaction, and group 3 (n = 11 ) was submitted to both maxillary advancement and impaction. The lip thickness of all patients was measured preoperatively, and the participants in each group were categorized into two subgroups: thin (< 12 mm) and thick (> 12 mm) lip. The primary (before orthognathic surgery) and final (after orthodontic bracket removal) lateral cephalograms of the patients were analyzed using the Dolphin software. Comparisons were made using the paired t-test and linear regression in the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows software. Results The length of the upper lip increased by 1 mm (p = 0.012) on average following maxillary advancement, and it decreased by 0.43 mm (p = 0.24) on average following maxillary impaction. In the maxillary advancement group, the change in angulation of the incisors predicted the incisal display (p = 0.03). In the maxillary impaction group, skeletal changes in the vertical dimension predicted changes in upper lip length (p = 0.033). Conclusions Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement significantly increases the length of the upper lip. The assessment of lip thickness prior to surgery can help

RESUMEN

Introdução: A osteotomia Le Fort I possibilita a correção de deformidades dentofaciais que envolvem o terço médio da face. Para sua fixação, convencionou-se o emprego de quatro mini-placas nos pilares zigomático-maxilar e nasomaxilar. Propôs-se então, a dispensa da fixação do segmento posterior, surgindo questionamentos relacionados à capacidade biomecânica do sistema. Objetivos: Comparar o estresse biomecânico gerado em três meios distintos de fixação da osteotomia Le Fort I frente ao movimento de avanço sagital linear maxilar de 7mm. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa experimental laboratorial, utilizando-se da análise de elementos finitos como ferramenta analítica, a fim de constatar qual das técnicas sofrerá maior estresse biomecânico. Resultados: Constatou-se que o estresse biomecânico gerado é maior quando aplicado em 4 pontos do que quando aplicado em apenas 2 pontos. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos fornecem informações aos cirurgiões sobre a real necessidade do uso de fixação adicional de acordo com o método de fixação planejado. No entanto, deve ser interpretado de forma cautelosa, considerando-se as limitações deste estudo. Sendo assim, uma análise incipiente, que tem como intuito o fornecimento de evidência científica de grande significância.

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Introducción: La osteotomía Le Fort I permite la corrección de deformidades dentofaciales que involucran el tercio medio de la cara. Para su fijación se acordó utilizar cuatro miniplacas en los pilares cigomaticomaxilar y nasomaxilar. Entonces se propuso prescindir de la fijación del segmento posterior, planteando interrogantes relacionados con la capacidad biomecánica del sistema. Objetivos: Comparar el estrés biomecánico generado en tres medios diferentes de fijación de la osteotomía Le Fort I frente a un movimiento de avance sagital lineal maxilar de 7mm. Metodología: Se trata de una investigación experimental de laboratorio, utilizando como herramienta analítica el análisis de elementos finitos, con el fin de comprobar cuál de las técnicas sufrirá un mayor estrés biomecánico. Resultados: Se encontró que el estrés biomecánico generado es mayor cuando se aplica en 4 puntos que cuando se aplica solo en 2 puntos. Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos brindan información a los cirujanos sobre la necesidad real de utilizar fijación adicional de acuerdo al método de fijación planificado. Sin embargo, debe interpretarse con cautela, considerando las limitaciones de este estudio. Por tanto, un análisis incipiente, que pretende aportar evidencias científicas de gran trascendencia.

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Introduction: The Le Fort I osteotomy allows the correction of dentofacial deformities involving the middle third of the face. For its fixation, it was agreed to use four mini plates on the zygomaticomaxillary and nasomaxillary pillars. It was then proposed to dispense with the fixation of the posterior segment, raising questions related to the biomechanical capacity of the system. Objectives: To compare the biomechanical stress generated in three different means of fixation of the Le Fort I osteotomy against a 7mm maxillary linear sagittal advancement movement. Methodology: This is an experimental laboratory research, using finite element analysis as an analytical tool, in order to verify which of the techniques will suffer greater biomechanical stress. Results: It was found that the biomechanical stress generated is greater when applied to 4 points than when applied to only 2 points. Conclusion: The results obtained provide information to surgeons about the real need to use additional fixation according to the planned fixation method. However, it should be interpreted with caution, considering the limitations of this study. Therefore, an incipient analysis, which aims to provide scientific evidence of great significance.

Asunto(s)

Osteotomía Le Fort , Análisis de Elementos Finitos , Cirugía Ortognática , Fijación Interna de Fracturas

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Introducción: Las fracturas del tercio medio facial constituyen un problema médico grave por su complejidad, frecuencia e impacto socioeconómico. Objetivo: Describir el manejo integral clínico-quirúrgico realizado a un paciente con fractura tipo Le Fort i. Presentación del caso: Paciente de 33 años de edad con trauma facial, pérdida ósea a nivel del nation en sentido antero-posterior, fractura nasal y dento-alveolar mandibular. Se decidió intervenir quirúrgicamente para la reducción y osteosíntesis de la fractura con miniplacas. Luego de retirada la sutura fue valorada por el equipo multidisciplinario que incluyó consulta de prótesis y ortodoncia. Conclusiones: En la planificación del tratamiento es necesario un abordaje terapéutico sistemático, centrado en objetivos para el equipo quirúrgico, el ortodoncista y el protesista, y con ello alcanzar la restauración estética y funcional del sistema estomatognático.

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Introduction: Fractures of the middle third of the face are a serious medical problem due to their complexity, frequency and socioeconomic impact. Objective: To describe the comprehensive clinical-surgical management performed on a patient with a Le Fort 1 fracture. Case report: We report the case of a 33-year-old patient with facial trauma, bone loss at the nation level in the antero-posterior direction, nasal and dento-alveolar mandibular fracture. Surgery was decided for the reduction and osteosynthesis of the fracture with miniplates. After removal, the suture was assessed by the multidisciplinary team that included a prosthetic and orthodontic consultation. Conclusions: In treatment planning, a systematic therapeutic approach is necessary, focused on objectives for the surgical team, the orthodontist and the prosthetist, and thereby achieve the aesthetic and functional restoration of the stomatognathic system.

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SUMMARY: The aim of this research is to show a simple technique to obtain control in the alar base width in Le Fort I osteotomy. The technique was used in eighteen patients submitted to maxillary impaction and/or advancements (≥ 3 mm). Inter-alar width, alar base width and right/left nostril were studied before surgery and 6 months of follow-up. Data were reported as means and standard deviations; statistical analysis was realized by t test considering a p-value <0.05. Left nostril was modified 0.33 ± 1.03 mm, right nostril was modified 0.39 ± 0.98 mm after 6 months and inter-alar width show a decrease of 0.17 ± 1.15 mm. No statistical differences were observed between the preoperative and the postoperative measurements. Our results show this technique as effective in to obtain a stable position in nasal width.

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RESUMEN: el objetivo de esta investigación es presentar una técnica simple para obtener el control en el ancho de la base alar en la ejecución de una osteotomía de Le Fort I. La técnica fue usada en 18 sujetos sometidos a cirugía maxilar de ascenso y/o avance maxilar mayor (≥ 3 mm). El ancho inter-alar, el ancho de la base alar y el orificio nasal derecho e izquierdo fueron estudiados antes de la cirugía y seis meses después de la misma. Los datos fueron presentados en promedios y desviación estándar; el análisis estadístico fue realizado utilizando el t test considerando un valor de p <0,05. El orificio izquierdo fue modificado en 0,33 ± 1,03 mm, el orificio izquierdo fue modificado en 0,39 ± 0,98 mm des- pués de 6 meses y el ancho inter alar mostro una reducción de 0,17 ± 1,15 mm. No se observaron diferencias estadísticas entre las mediciones obtenidas previo a la cirugía y después de la cirugía. Nuestros resultados muestran que la técnica es efectiva para obtener una posición estable del ancho nasal.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Nariz/anatomía & histología , Osteotomía Le Fort/métodos , Maxilar/cirugía , Puntos Anatómicos de Referencia

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BACKGROUND: Surgical mobilization of the maxillary segment affects nasal morphology. This study assessed the impact of the type of maxillary mobilization on the three-dimensional (3D) nasal morphometry. METHODS: Pre- and postsurgery cone beam computed tomography-derived facial image datasets of consecutive patients who underwent two-jaw orthognathic surgery were reviewed. Using preoperative 3D facial models as the positional reference of the skeletal framework, 12-month postoperative 3D facial models were classified into four types of maxillary mobilizations (advancement [n = 83], setback [n = 24], intrusion [n = 55], and extrusion [n = 52]) and four types of final maxillary positions (anterosuperior [n = 44], anteroinferior [n = 39], posterosuperior [n = 11], and posteroinferior [n = 13]). Six 3D soft tissue nasal morphometric parameters were measured, with excellent intra- and interexaminer reliability scores (ICC>0.897) for all the measurements. The 3D nasal change for each nasal parameter was computed as the difference between postoperative and preoperative measurement values. RESULTS: The intrusion maxillary mobilization resulted in a significantly (all p<0.05) larger 3D nasal change in terms of alar width, alar base width, and nostril angle parameters, and a smaller change in terms of the nasal tip height parameter than the extrusion maxillary mobilization; however, no significant (all p>0.05) difference was observed between advancement and setback maxillary mobilizations. The anterosuperior and posterosuperior maxillary positions had a significantly (all p<0.05) larger 3D nasal change in terms of the alar base width and nostril angle than the anteroinferior and posteroinferior maxillary positions. CONCLUSION: The type of maxillary mobilization affects the 3D nasal morphometry.

Asunto(s)

Maxilar , Nariz , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ortognáticos , Osteotomía Le Fort , Modelación Específica para el Paciente , Adulto , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Masculino , Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Maxilar/cirugía , Nariz/diagnóstico por imagen , Nariz/patología , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ortognáticos/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ortognáticos/métodos , Osteotomía Le Fort/efectos adversos , Osteotomía Le Fort/métodos , Fotogrametría/métodos , Cuidados Preoperatorios/métodos , Periodo Preoperatorio , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados

RESUMEN

As deformidades dentofaciais afetam grande porção da população, podendo sedisposta nos planos verticais, horizontais e transversos da face, em um ou ambos óssos gnáticos, e acarretar diversos problemas estéticos e funcionais durante a vida. Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as técnicas cirúrgicas dispostas na literatura para a correção de atresias maxilares, com enfoque nas mudanças faciais e dentárias entre duas técnicas principais de ostetomia Le Fort I. A técnica clássica descrita por Bell (1976), e a criada por Bennett e Wolford (1982)devido ao fato de não haver consenso na literatura sobre qual técnica é a mais efetiva para correção cirúrgica de maxilas atrésicas. A expansão de maxila cirurgicamente assistida é uma intervenção cirúrgica-ortopédica, com osteotomias sendo realizadas na maxila visando liberar suas resistências ósseas para posterior expansão através de ativação de aparelhos ortodônticos-ortopédicos instalados previamente à cirurgia. Não existem evidências que demonstrem alterações esqueléticas no sentido anteroposterior ou transversal comparando as duas técnicas, nem na quantidade de expansão realizada. Há uma inclinação acentuada de incisivos centrais superior, em ambas as técnicas, após o período necessário de distração (AU)

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Cirugía Bucal , Sistema Único de Salud , Salud Pública , Técnica de Expansión Palatina , Odontología , Osteotomía Maxilar

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a palatal splint on stability in multi-segment maxillary osteotomies. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Retrospective series of fifty-one adult patients, consecutively operated with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) and three-piece maxillary osteotomies, divided according to the use of a palatal splint (Group 1, n = 30) or no palatal splint (Group 2, n = 21). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Maxillary surgical casts (T1) and post-retention casts (T2), taken at least six months after discontinuation of orthodontic retention, were digitized (MicroScribe-3DX), measured and compared. Fifty-one landmarks were identified on the maxillary, transverse dimension changes and arch length were calculated. Longitudinal changes in all measurements were assessed by t test. RESULTS: Post-surgical transverse instability in group 1 ranged from 0.3 ± 0.4 to -1.3 ± 0.2 mm and was statistically significantly smaller than in group 2 that ranged from -1.0 ± 0.3 to -2.5 ± 0.5 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a palatal splint after segmental Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy improved transverse stability in the posterior region. The post-surgical transverse instability occurred only between canine gingival points and thus suggesting no clinical relevance.

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Osteotomía Le Fort , Férulas (Fijadores) , Adulto , Cefalometría , Humanos , Maxilar/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos

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Resorbable and titanium systems have been used in maxillary fixation. The aim of this review was to evaluate stability and morbidity of Le Fort I osteotomy by comparing both systems. It was performed in 11 databases, and reported according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials, and retrospective comparative studies with patients who underwent nonsegmented Le Fort I osteotomy were included. Eleven articles were selected, with a total of 262 patients treated with resorbable and 252 with titanium fixation. The meta-analysis showed that when measured at point A, horizontal stability was 0.06 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.19, 0.30), vertical stability for impaction was −0.43 mm (95% CI −0.94, 0.07), and for inferior repositioning was −1.29 mm (95% CI −2.62, 0.04). Morbidity was similar in the groups. Regarding infection, resorbable presented an absolute risk (AR) = 0.032, and titanium an AR = 0.025 (P = 1.0). For soft tissue reaction, an AR = 0.120 was shown for resorbable, and an AR = 0.132 for titanium (P = 0.85). Removal of fixation showed an AR = 0.024 for resorbable, and an AR = 0.025 for titanium (P = 1.0). Based on these results, resorbable and metal fixation systems seem to be equivalent with respect to stability and morbidity. This review was limited by the quality of the studies. Future studies should address these quality limitations to improve comparison between these 2 fixation approaches.

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The aim of this systematic review was to describe the anatomical and surgical factors related to cranial nerve injuries in Le Fort I osteotomy. The protocol of this systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Two independent reviewers performed an unrestricted electronic database search in the MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases up to and including August 2018. Thirty-two articles were selected for data extraction and synthesis: 30 studies were identified in the main search and two by a manual search. The level of agreement between the reviewers was considered excellent (κ=0.779 for study selection and κ=0.767 for study eligibility). This study revealed that the main nerve affected was the trigeminal nerve, followed by the oculomotor, abducens, optic, facial, and vagus and accessory nerves. Cleft lip and palate patients presented the highest incidence of cranial nerve damage. Cranial nerve damage after Le Fort I osteotomy is not rare. Anatomical and structural knowledge of the patient are necessary in order to minimize the risks of cranial nerve injury in Le Fort I osteotomy.

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Labio Leporino , Traumatismos del Nervio Craneal , Humanos , Maxilar , Osteotomía Maxilar , Osteotomía Le Fort , Estudios Prospectivos

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In recent years, several studies related to fixation systems have been published, but few suggest any variations of the Le Fort I osteotomy technique, and the use of plates and screws placed along the canine and zygomatic pillar are common. The 20-year-old patient with Crouzon syndrome presented with severe hypoplasia of the maxillary, mandibular prognathism, and class III facial pattern. The patient underwent orthognathic surgery and high Le Fort I osteotomy with the fixation of eight positional screws. The aim of this paper is to describe a different technique for the fixation in high maxillary osteotomies, which can be used in specific cases.

Asunto(s)

Placas Óseas , Tornillos Óseos , Disostosis Craneofacial/cirugía , Maxilar/cirugía , Osteotomía Le Fort/instrumentación , Disostosis Craneofacial/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía Panorámica , Adulto Joven

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INTRODUCTION: Stability in orthognathic surgery is nowadays considered as efficient and adequate. The objective of this study was to determine and to compare the mechanical resistance to vertical load of a Le Fort I advancement osteotomy stabilized by mean of two different osteosynthesis techniques, one using two 10-hole pre-bent T-shaped plates, the other using four manually bent 4-hole L- and J-shaped plates. MATERIEL AND METHODS: Standardized Le Fort I advancement osteotomies have been made on polyurethane models. The maxillary advancement was 5mm. Two groups of five models each were created. Group 1 was stabilized by mean of two 10-hole pre-bent T-shaped plates fixed by monocortical screws in the paranasal region. Group 2 was stabilized by mean of manually bent four 4-hole L-shaped plates fixed monocortical screws in the zygomatic and paranasal regions. A testing machine was used to load vertically the models at the range of 1mm/min linear displacement until peak load and system failure. Statistical analysis was realized using ANOVA and t-test, considering P as significant if <0.005. RESULTS: The maximal tolerated load was 15N in group 1and 42.71N in group 2 (P=0.003). DISCUSSION: The use of two T-shaped 10-holes pre-bent plates allows for less resistance in vertical loading than the use of four 4-holes manually bent L-shaped plates.

Asunto(s)

Placas Óseas , Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Osteotomía Le Fort , Estrés Mecánico , Placas Óseas/efectos adversos , Tornillos Óseos/efectos adversos , Diseño de Equipo , Falla de Equipo , Análisis de Falla de Equipo , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/instrumentación , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Ensayo de Materiales/métodos , Fenómenos Mecánicos , Modelos Anatómicos , Osteotomía Le Fort/instrumentación , Osteotomía Le Fort/métodos

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PURPOSE: Surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion is performed to correct transverse deficiencies of the maxilla, and it is indicated in specific clinical situations. The literature presents different opinions in several aspects, mainly regarding the effect of disjunction of the pterygoid plates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of maxillary expansion obtained with two surgical techniques, with and without disjunction of the pterygoid plates. METHODS: Twenty patients treated with surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion for correction of transversal discrepancies were included in this retrospective study and divided into two groups: (G1) patients operated without disjunction of pterygoid plates and (G2) patients treated with release of the pterygoid plates. RESULTS: There were seven male and 13 female patients, and the mean age was 29.9 years. Cone beam computed tomography images obtained after final activation of the expansion device were evaluated and complete disjunction of the midpalatal suture (type I) was present in 75 % of the patients whereas incomplete disjunction of the midpalatal suture (type II) was observed in 25 %. Chi-square test showed no statistically significant difference between groups (p = 0.606). CONCLUSION: No difference was found in relation to the maxillary disjunction pattern irrespective of the treatment given to pterygoid plates.

Asunto(s)

Técnica de Expansión Palatina , Fosa Pterigopalatina/cirugía , Adulto , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Ortodoncia Correctiva/métodos , Osteotomía Le Fort/métodos , Fosa Pterigopalatina/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Retrospectivos

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PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the rate of success and complications of juvenile nasoangiofibroma resection by Le Fort I osteotomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were obtained from the medical records of 40 patients with a diagnosis of juvenile nasoangiofibroma confirmed by anatomopathological examination. All tumors were resected by Le Fort I osteotomy between 1983 and 2010. The data obtained were gender, age, symptoms, sites of invasion, preoperative embolization, routes of surgical access, duration of surgery, complications, need for transfusion, relapses, and follow-up time. RESULTS: All patients were male, ranging in age from 7 to 27 years. The most common symptom was nasal obstruction, and central nervous system (CNS) invasion was present in 27.5% of cases. Craniotomy was associated with Le Fort I osteotomy in only one case. The mean duration of surgery was 216 min. Complications occurred in 15% of cases, with intraoperative bleeding being the most frequent one. Relapses occurred in 5% of cases. The mean follow-up was 48.8 months. CONCLUSION: Exclusively surgical treatment by Le Fort I access proved to be a safe and effective method for the treatment of nasoangiofibromas, permitting the removal of tumors even in patients with extension to the CNS, with a low rate of complications and relapses.

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Angiofibroma/cirugía , Maxilar/cirugía , Neoplasias Nasales/cirugía , Osteotomía Le Fort/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Angiofibroma/patología , Pérdida de Sangre Quirúrgica , Transfusión Sanguínea , Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Central/patología , Niño , Embolización Terapéutica/métodos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias , Masculino , Obstrucción Nasal/patología , Invasividad Neoplásica , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Nasales/patología , Tempo Operativo , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto Joven

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O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em realizar a análise cefalométrica computadorizada retrospectiva da projeção maxilar e de seus efeitos sobre os tecidos moles da região anterior da maxila de 15 pacientes portadores de deformidade dentofacial esquelética caracterizada por prognatismo mandibular (Padrão III). Seis indivíduos eram do gênero masculino e 9 do gênero feminino, com idade média de 26,06 anos (desvio-padrão de 7,34). Esses pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia ortognática para avanço de maxila, por meio da osteotomia Le Fort I, e recuo de mandíbula, por meio da osteotomia sagital bilateral da mandíbula. As radiografias cefalométricas pré e pós-operatórias, com intervalo médio de 30,13 meses (desvio-padrão de 15,76), foram analisadas com base na comparação de medidas lineares e angulares por meio da utilização do programa Dolphin Imaging® 10.0 (Dolphin/3M - EUA) e os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística pelo teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon. Ocorreu redução significativa da projeção nasal e aumento não significativo da base nasal e do ângulo nasolabial. Os valores do SNA confirmam o avanço da maxila e os valores do SNB o recuo de mandíbula, enquanto que o ANB e o trespasse horizontal tornaram-se positivos. Pode-se concluir que o avanço maxilar produz efeitos na projeção maxilar e nos tecidos moles sobrejacentes. Tais efeitos, na maioria dos casos, mostram uma tendência ao aumento das medidas lineares e angulares envolvidas, porém essa tendência pode variar de acordo com o montante e direção do movimento, além de características relacionadas aos indivíduos e aos procedimentos.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Cefalometría , Traumatismos de los Tejidos Blandos , Osteotomía Le Fort , Anomalías Maxilofaciales , Cirugía Ortognática

RESUMEN

A correção de deformidades esqueléticas da face por meio de um tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico tornou-se uma opção segura e previsível. Os movimentos ósseos são milimetricamente calculados e executados cirurgicamente, assim como a oclusão é meticulosamente engrenada através dos movimentos ortodônticos. Os efeitos que os tecidos moles sofrem com as cirurgias ortognáticas são, no entanto, menos previsíveis, e apesar do principal objetivo da cirurgia ortognática ser uma melhora funcional, o componente estético é sem dúvida de extrema importância. Em especial, a região de base alar apresenta resultados muito variáveis, a despeito dos bons resultados esqueléticos atingidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar 2 diferentes tipos de sutura utilizados na região de base do nariz, e observar qual tipo apresenta um resultado que melhor acompanhe os movimentos realizados pelo tecido esquelético. Trinta e cinco pacientes foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em 2 grupos. O grupo 1 funcionou como controle e os pacientes receberam a plicatura nasal intra-oral, que é o tipo de plicatura nasal mais descrito na literatura. Já os pacientes do grupo 2 receberam plicatura nasal extra-oral. Para análise estatística foram calculadas as médias e desvios padrões dos grupos, e a hipótese nula de que não havia diferença entre os 2 grupos foi testata com o teste T de Student. Em ambos os grupos ocorreu um alargamento da base do nariz, porém a média de alargamento do grupo 1 foi de 2,50 milímetros (mm), enquanto que a média de alargamento do grupo 2 foi de 1,26 mm. Além disso, o desvio padrão foi menor para o grupo 2, e a hipótese nula foi rejeitada (p<0,05), demonstrando que a diferença entre os grupos foi estatisticamente significativa. Pôde-se concluir que quando objetiva-se um controle mais previsível e rigoroso da base do nariz, a plicatura nasal extra-oral cumprirá melhor esta função.

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Correction of skeletic deformities through a surgical-orthodontic approach hás become a safe and predictable option. Bone movements are meticulously calculated and surgically executed, while the occlusion is tightly adjusted through orthodontic movements. Soft tissue response to orthognathic surgery are, however, less predictable, and although the purpose of the orthognathic surgery is to improve function, the cosmetic component is undoubtedly of extreme importance. In special the alar base region presents variables results, regardless of the good skeletic results achieved. The objective of this trial was to compare 2 different sutures applied to the alar base region, and to analyze which one would present a better result. Thirty Five patients were randomly distributed into 2 groups. Group 1 received the intraoral nasal plicature, and worked as the control group, since this is the most conventional type of suture applied to this region. Patients from group 2 received an extra oral nasal plicature. The statistical analysis was performed comparing the mean and standard deviation of both groups. Also, the null hypothesis that there was no difference between the groups was tested with T Student’s test. Both groups presented wider nasal bases in the postoperative. However, group 1 mean was 2.50 millimeters (mm), while group 2 mean was 1.26. Besides, standard deviation was lower in the experimental group, and the null hypothesis was rejected (p<.05), showing a statistical difference between the groups. It can be concluded that when the purpose is to have a more predictable and rigorous control of the alar base width, the extra oral plicature will work better.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Maxilar/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ortognáticos , Osteotomía Le Fort , Técnicas de Sutura , Pesos y Medidas Corporales , Nariz , Fotografía Dental , Traumatismos de los Tejidos Blandos

RESUMEN

Relato de caso ortocirúrgico de uma paciente classe III com mordida aberta total. A cirurgia consistiu em recuo de 6 mm da mandíbula, avanço e elevação posterior de 4 mm da maxila, pelas técnicas de osteotomia sagital do ramo mandibular e Le Fort I, associadas à fixação interna rígida. Após a obtenção da harmonia facial e dentoesquelética observou-se leve recidiva dentária, com diastema na distal dos caninos inferiores, na fase de contenção. Esse caso demonstra que a cirurgia ortognática é um valioso recurso no tratamento das má-oclusões esqueléticas, em especial, a Classe III.

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A case report of a Class III ortho-surgical treatment with a full open bite. The surgery of choice was 6 mm mandibular setback, and anterior displacement and posterior elevation of the maxilla in 4 millimeters, by the sagital split technique for the mandibular ramus and Le Fort I, associated to internal rigid fixation. After facial, skeletal and tooth harmonies were acquired, slight dental relapse in orthodontic treatment long-term was observed. This case report elucidates that orthognatic surgery is a valuable resource in treatment of skeletal malocclusions, especially in Class III cases.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Adolescente , Maloclusión de Angle Clase III , Mordida Abierta , Osteotomía Le Fort

RESUMEN

La osteotomía Le Fort I es un procedimiento rutinario en cirugía ortognática. Los autores reportan la ocurrencia de complicaciones intra y posquirúrgicas. La osteotomía Le Fort I está relacionada con gran variedad de complicaciones. Un conocimiento preciso de las complicaciones debería ayudar al cirujano, al ortodoncista y al paciente para estimar los beneficios de una cirugía electiva versus los riesgos. El conocer las complicaciones también debería ayudar a prevenir su ocurrencia y facilitar el tratamiento. El propósito de esta revisión fue reportar las complicaciones quirúrgicas y posquirúrgicas que están relacionadas con la osteotomía Le Fort I. Se presentan las complicaciones en el siguiente orden: oftalmológicas, vasculares, del seno cavernoso, necrosis avascular, edema, infecciosas, neurológicas, resultados estéticos desfavorables, cambios pulpares y otras complicaciones de rara ocurrencia.

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Le Fort I osteotomy has become a routine procedure in elective orthognathic surgery. The authors report the occurrence of intra and post operative complications in Le Fort I osteotomy. The Le Fort I osteotomy is related to a variety of complications. A precise assessment of complications might be helpful for the patient, the orthodontist, and the surgeon in order to estimate the benefit of an elective operation versus its immanent risks. Knowledge of complications also might help to prevent their occurrence and facilitate their management. The aim of this review was to report the types and frequencies of intra and post operative complications related to Le Fort I osteotomy. This review presents surgical complications in the following order: Ophthalmic complications, Vascular complications, Cavernous sinus fistula, Ischemic complications including aseptic necrosis, swelling, significant infections such as abscesses or maxillary sinusitis, Nerve injures, unfavorable esthetic results, unfavorable pulpal reactions and other unusual complications.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Isquemia , Osteotomía Le Fort , Hemorragia/complicaciones

RESUMEN

Esse trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar a fidelidade da referência externa em tecidos moles no auxílio do posicionamento vertical da maxila. Foram selecionados 40 pacientes portadores de deformidade dentofacial e submetidos à osteotomia total da maxila. Os indivíduos foram divididos em 2 grupos no intuíto de avaliar duas técnicas de referência externa: a utilização da sutura em tecidos moles e o uso do fio de Kirschner. Esta última foi utilizada como a técnica do grupo-controle. Os dados foram colhidos em duas fases. Na primeira delas, foi realizada a mensuração da posição vertical da maxila antes da osteotomia Le Fort I e após a fixação da maxila, utilizando a referência externa. A partir desses números, foi obtida a alteração vertical de cada caso, colhida durante a cirurgia. Na segunda fase da coleta de dados, foram realizadas mensurações verticais da maxila baseadas nas radiografias cefalométricas pré e pós-operatórias. Assim, foi obtido o valor da alteração vertical de cada caso, baseado na documentação radiográfica. Após esta etapa, foi calculada a diferença entre a alteração vertical obtida durante a cirurgia e a alteração vertical colhida a partir das radiografias. Dessa forma, foram obtidos valores que correspondem às imperfeições no posicionamento vertical da maxila de cada paciente, tendo como base a posição do incisivo central superior. Os resultados foram comparados e analisados estatisticamente. A média aritmética da precisão no posicionamento vertical da maxila no grupo-controle foi de 0,52mm e do grupo da referência em tecidos moles foi de 0,65mm. A aplicação do teste t de Student a 5% revelou que não houve diferença estatística significativa entre o grau de precisão das duas técnicas de referência externa (P=0,429). Como conclusão, observou-se que as duas técnicas foram eficazes no auxílio ao posicionamento vertical da maxila e que a referência externa em tecidos moles apresentou um grau de precisão semelhante ao valor obtido ...

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The aim of this study was to analyze the accuracy of external reference placed in soft tissue nasion for vertical maxillary repositioning. Forty patients with dentofacial deformities who were to undergo Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy were separated into two groups to evaluate two different external reference measurement techniques: soft tissue nasion (study group) and Kirschner pins (control group). Data were collected in two phases. Initially the vertical position of the maxilla was assessed during surgery before Le Fort I osteotomy and after maxillary fixation, in relation to the external reference point, evaluating the intra-operative vertical alteration of each case. In the second phase, maxillary vertical measurements were done using the pre and pos-operative cephalometric radiographs to assess their radiographic vertical alteration. Differences among radiographic and intra-operative vertical variations of the maxilla were calculated to acquire values corresponding to discrepancies in maxillary positioning in relation to upper central incisor. Results were statistically compared and analyzed. The average of accuracy of vertical maxillary positioning was 0.525 mm for the control group and 0.650 mm for the study group. Student t test indicated no significant difference between both methods (P=0.429). In conclusion it was noted that both techniques were efficient for vertical maxillary repositioning and soft tissue nasion method showed a similar accuracy of that obtained with Kirschner pins.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Maxilar/cirugía , Cirugía Ortognática , Osteotomía Le Fort , Hilos Ortopédicos , Dimensión Vertical