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Multimodal neuroimaging research plays a pivotal role in understanding the complexities of the human brain and its disorders. Independent component analysis (ICA) has emerged as a widely used and powerful tool for disentangling mixed independent sources, particularly in the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. This paper extends the use of ICA as a unifying framework for multimodal fusion, introducing a novel approach termed parallel multilink group joint ICA (pmg-jICA). The method allows for the fusion of gray matter maps from structural MRI (sMRI) data to multiple fMRI intrinsic networks, addressing the limitations of previous models. The effectiveness of pmg-jICA is demonstrated through its application to an Alzheimer's dataset, yielding linked structure-function outputs for 53 brain networks. Our approach leverages the complementary information from various imaging modalities, providing a unique perspective on brain alterations in Alzheimer's disease. The pmg-jICA identifies several components with significant differences between HC and AD groups including thalamus, caudate, putamen with in the subcortical (SC) domain, insula, parahippocampal gyrus within the cognitive control (CC) domain, and the lingual gyrus within the visual (VS) domain, providing localized insights into the links between AD and specific brain regions. In addition, because we link across multiple brain networks, we can also compute functional network connectivity (FNC) from spatial maps and subject loadings, providing a detailed exploration of the relationships between different brain regions and allowing us to visualize spatial patterns and loading parameters in sMRI along with intrinsic networks and FNC from the fMRI data. In essence, developed approach combines concepts from joint ICA and group ICA to provide a rich set of output characterizing data-driven links between covarying gray matter networks, and a (potentially large number of) resting fMRI networks allowing further study in the context of structure/function links. We demonstrate the utility of the approach by highlighting key structure/function disruptions in Alzheimer's individuals.

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The "Humanization of Childbirth" Project is one of the various maternity care models that respect women and their newborn children. For more than a quarter of a century, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has been implementing technical cooperation projects worldwide that place the humanization of childbirth at the center of the concept. By reviewing the project reports, the following 11 key processes were found for the formulation and implementation of future projects for the humanized maternity care: i) project-finding/exploration of unmet needs, ii) identification of local key persons, iii) organization of a project team and a back-up committee, iv) development of an action plan, v) sharing of concepts, vi) development of local leadership, vii) organization of infrastructure, viii) final evaluation and wrap-up seminar, ix) ensuring sustainability, x) development of younger generation experts, and xi) sustainable and autonomous action.

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In this article, we focus on estimating the joint relationship between structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) gray matter (GM), and multiple functional MRI (fMRI) intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs). To achieve this, we propose a multilink joint independent component analysis (ml-jICA) method using the same core algorithm as jICA. To relax the jICA assumption, we propose another extension called parallel multilink jICA (pml-jICA) that allows for a more balanced weight distribution over ml-jICA/jICA. We assume a shared mixing matrix for both the sMRI and fMRI modalities, while allowing for different mixing matrices linking the sMRI data to the different ICNs. We introduce the model and then apply this approach to study the differences in resting fMRI and sMRI data from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) versus controls. The results of the pml-jICA yield significant differences with large effect sizes that include regions in overlapping portions of default mode network, and also hippocampus and thalamus. Importantly, we identify two joint components with partially overlapping regions which show opposite effects for AD versus controls, but were able to be separated due to being linked to distinct functional and structural patterns. This highlights the unique strength of our approach and multimodal fusion approaches generally in revealing potentially biomarkers of brain disorders that would likely be missed by a unimodal approach. These results represent the first work linking multiple fMRI ICNs to GM components within a multimodal data fusion model and challenges the typical view that brain structure is more sensitive to AD than fMRI.

Asunto(s)

Neuroimagen Funcional , Sustancia Gris , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/fisiopatología , Descanso , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Humanos , Sustancia Gris/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Hipocampo/diagnóstico por imagen , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagen , Neuroimagen Funcional/métodos

RESUMEN

Background: Ghana implemented a community-based health planning and services (CHPS) in 2000 with the aim of bringing health services to the doorsteps of the deprived in the communities. Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) supported the implementation of the project with a distinct approach in the Upper West region, employing supportive supervision. Objective: To investigate the impact of the JICA CHPS model on anemia and acute malnutrition prevalence amongst children less than five years of age. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study design that compares the upper west region with the two other regions of the North implementing the traditional model of CHPS. We used the Ghana demographic and health survey dataset for 2003 as the baseline and 2014 as the follow-up year and employed the difference-in-difference approach. We find a reduction in the likelihood of anemia and acute malnutrition prevalence among children less than five years by 17 and 8 percentage points respectively. We find the project to be cost-effective, at a cost of $7 per each anemia prevalence averted. Conclusions: The results indicate that the JICA model of CHPS is cost-effective in the reduction of anemia and acute malnutrition prevalence compared to the traditional model. We recommend a nationwide expansion of the JICA model to enhance the reduction of anemia and acute malnutrition in Ghana.

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The first-ever open-heart operation in Bangladesh was performed on the 18th of September 1981. Although a few cases of finger fracture closed mitral commissurotomies were performed in the country in the 1960s and 1970s, full-fledged cardiac surgical services began only in Bangladesh after the establishment of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases at Dhaka in 1978. A Japanese team that includes cardiac surgeons, anesthetists, cardiologists, nurses, and technician came to Bangladesh and played an important role in the initiation of such a Bangladeshi endeavor. Bangladesh is a South Asian country with more than 170 million people living only in an area of 148460 square kilometers. Information was sought from the hospital records, old newspapers, books, and memoirs written by some of the pioneers. Pubmed and Internet search engines were also utilized. The principal author had personal correspondence with the available pioneering team members. The first open-heart operation was performed by visiting Japanese surgeon Dr. Komei Saji along with Bangladeshi surgeon duo Prof. M Nabi Alam Khan and Prof. S R Khan. Since then, cardiac surgery in Bangladesh has made a significant progress although it may not be enough to serve 170 million people. In 2019, twenty-nine centers performed a total of 12926 cases in Bangladesh. Remarkable advancement in cardiac surgery has been made in terms of cost, quality, and excellence in Bangladesh, but the country is lagging behind in the number of operations, affordability, and geographical distribution, which needs to be addressed for a better future.

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BACKGROUND: Meaningful integration of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) requires knowing whether these measurements reflect the activity of the same neural sources, i.e., estimating the degree of coupling and decoupling between the neuroimaging modalities. NEW METHOD: This paper proposes a method to quantify the coupling and decoupling of fMRI and EEG signals based on the mixing matrix produced by joint independent component analysis (jICA). The method is termed fMRI/EEG-jICA. RESULTS: fMRI and EEG acquired during a syllable detection task with variable syllable presentation rates (0.25-3 Hz) were separated with jICA into two spatiotemporally distinct components, a primary component that increased nonlinearly in amplitude with syllable presentation rate, putatively reflecting an obligatory auditory response, and a secondary component that declined nonlinearly with syllable presentation rate, putatively reflecting an auditory attention orienting response. The two EEG subcomponents were of similar amplitude, but the secondary fMRI subcomponent was ten folds smaller than the primary one. COMPARISON TO EXISTING METHOD: FMRI multiple regression analysis yielded a map more consistent with the primary than secondary fMRI subcomponent of jICA, as determined by a greater area under the curve (0.5 versus 0.38) in a sensitivity and specificity analysis of spatial overlap. CONCLUSION: fMRI/EEG-jICA revealed spatiotemporally distinct brain networks with greater sensitivity than fMRI multiple regression analysis, demonstrating how this method can be used for leveraging EEG signals to inform the detection and functional characterization of fMRI signals. fMRI/EEG-jICA may be useful for studying neurovascular coupling at a macro-level, e.g., in neurovascular disorders.

Asunto(s)

Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Acoplamiento Neurovascular , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Mapeo Encefálico/métodos , Electroencefalografía/métodos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos

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OBJECTIVE: Earlier evidence suggested that structural-functional covariation in schizophrenia patients (SCZ) is associated with cognition, a predictor of functioning. Moreover, studies suggested that functional brain abnormalities of schizophrenia may be related with structural network features. However, only few studies have investigated the relationship between structural-functional covariation and both diagnosis and functioning in SCZ. We hypothesized that structural-functional covariation networks associated with diagnosis are related to real-world functioning in SCZ. METHODS: We performed joint Independent Component Analysis on T1 images and resting-state fMRI-based Degree Centrality (DC) maps from 89 SCZ and 285 controls. Structural-functional covariation networks in which we found a main effect of diagnosis underwent correlation analysis to investigate their relationship with functioning. Covariation networks showing a significant association with both diagnosis and functioning underwent univariate analysis to better characterize group-level differences at the spatial level. RESULTS: A structural-functional covariation network characterized by frontal, temporal, parietal and thalamic structural estimates significantly covaried with temporo-parietal resting-state DC. Compared with controls, SCZ had reduced structural-functional covariation within this network (pFDR = 0.005). The same measure correlated positively with both social and occupational functioning (both pFDR = 0.042). Univariate analyses revealed grey matter deviations in SCZ compared with controls within this structural-functional network in hippocampus, cerebellum, thalamus, orbito-frontal cortex, and insula. No group differences were found in DC. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the existence of a phenotypical association between group-level differences and inter-individual heterogeneity of functional deficits in SCZ. Given that only the joint structural/functional analysis revealed this association, structural-functional covariation may be a potentially relevant schizophrenia phenotype.

Asunto(s)

Esquizofrenia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Cerebral , Sustancia Gris/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Descanso , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagen

RESUMEN

Introduction  Asahikawa Medical University has been conducting a JICA Knowledge Co-Creation Program (KCCP) “Health Administration for Community Health Officers in Africa” in Japan since 2008. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the KCCP in 2020 was a hybrid of distance learning and following on-site training in Japan, which the latter was canceled thereafter. This paper reports on how this hybrid program was organized and implemented.Methods: Preparation  The program was held in January-February 2021, with eight official participants from five countries and nine observers from two countries. The participants were required to engage in self-learning by PowerPoint materials with lecturers’ audio descriptions and zoom-based interactive meetings. The PowerPoint materials were freely accessible at our Google Drive account. There were 10 zoom sessions during the program.Results: Implementation  At the beginning, all the lecture materials were converted to mp4 clips and uploaded to a Youtube channel due to the difficulties downloading heavy files with limited internet connection. A total of 24 videos were created with an average length of 58 minutes in each. Zoom-based interactive meetings were held regularly in the morning in the African continent. Almost all of the sessions were productive, but the participants were sometimes interrupted due to a weak network environment or their regular work assignments. Most provided contents were well understood.Discussion  Despite some technical and environmental difficulties, the new-style, web-based training course facilitated the participation of observers as well as regular participants, providing more opportunities for interaction and discussion among trainees than a previous old-fashioned, on-site program. Improvement of the training environment particularly for participants is necessary to produce better training outcomes in the future, such as renting a hotel room and securing virtual connections.

RESUMEN

Background: Antipsychotic medications provide limited long-term benefit to ~30% of schizophrenia patients. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data have been used to investigate brain features between responders and nonresponders to antipsychotic treatment; however, these analytical techniques are unable to weigh the interrelationships between modalities. Here, we used multiset canonical correlation and joint independent component analysis (mCCA + jICA) to fuse MRI data to examine the shared and specific multimodal features between the patients and healthy controls (HCs) and between the responders and non-responders. Method: Resting-state functional and structural MRI data were collected from 55 patients with drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and demographically matched HCs. Based on the decrease in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores from baseline to the 1-year follow-up, FES patients were divided into a responder group (RG) and a non-responder group (NRG). Gray matter volume (GMV), fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF), and regional homogeneity (ReHo) maps were used as features in mCCA + jICA. Results: Between FES patients and HCs, there were three modality-specific discriminative independent components (ICs) showing the difference in mixing coefficients (GMV-IC7, GMV-IC8, and fALFF-IC5). The fusion analysis indicated one modality-shared IC (GMV-IC2 and ReHo-IC2) and three modality-specific ICs (GMV-IC1, GMV-IC3, and GMV-IC6) between the RG and NRG. The right postcentral gyrus showed a significant difference in GMV features between FES patients and HCs and modality-shared features (GMV and ReHo) between responders and nonresponders. The modality-shared component findings were highlighted by GMV, mainly in the bilateral temporal gyrus and the right cerebellum associated with ReHo in the right postcentral gyrus. Conclusions: This study suggests that joint anatomical and functional features of the cortices may reflect an early pathophysiological mechanism that is related to a 1-year treatment response.

RESUMEN

The National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center has conducted a group training course for health care workers (HCW) from developing countries on viral hepatitis and its related diseases in cooperation with the Japan International Cooperation Agency, for 30 years. In the first 10 years, the course included acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), and hepatitis. Following the discovery of the hepatitis C virus and the genotype of the hepatitis B virus, and development of treatments for hepatitis, viral-related cirrhosis, and cancer, the course was divided into two courses. In 2015, the hepatitis training course was renewed as the "Comprehensive Countermeasure for Virus Hepatitis", which ended its role in February 2018. Between 1998 and 2017, 175 HCW from 43 countries, including 36 participants from Egypt, participated. Between October 11 and 20, 2019, we conducted a follow-up survey of the results of the training and conducted a field visit on hepatitis control in Egypt.

RESUMEN

Thailand achieved Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in 2002 ahead of other low-middle income countries. Through its experiences, Thailand has actively assisted other developing countries in working towards UHC. However, Thailand is now facing new challenges such as increasing healthcare costs, differing service coverage and purchasing mechanisms among its three health care schemes, and the impact of a rapidly aging population on its health systems. Thailand requested technical support from the Japanese government. Japan achieved UHC in 1961 and its extensive experience of introducing and implementing UHC is a fitting example for Thailand and other countries struggling toward a stable health care system. Thus, the partnership project for Global Health and Universal Health Coverage was launched in July 2016 as a four-year flagship project for "North-South-South Cooperation". Japan and Thailand will further focus to support other countries to achieve UHC, which will be conducive to promoting leading roles of the two countries in the global health arena.

RESUMEN

The behavioral, cognitive, and sensory difficulties experienced by individuals exposed to alcohol prenatally currently fail to provide early identification for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Attempting to advance this pursuit through a multivariate analysis, we collected magnetoencephalography (MEG) data during auditory, somatosensory, visual paradigms, DTI, and behavior in adolescents ages 12-21 years (FASD: N = 13; HC: N = 20). We assessed the relationship between brain function (MEG) and structure (fractional anisotropy (FA)) utilizing joint independent component analysis (jICA), and examined how this measure relates to behavior. We identified 5 components that reveal group differences in co-variation between MEG and FA. For example, component 5 (t = 3.162, p = 0.003, Hedges' g = 1.13) contained MEG activity corresponding to all three sensory modalities, most robustly in occipital lobes, and DTI-derived cerebellar FA, underlying the role of the cerebellum in sensory processing. Further, in HCs component 5's loading factor was positively correlated with verbal ability (r = 0.646, p = 0.002), indicating higher covariation was associated with better verbal performance. Interestingly, this relationship is lacking in FASD (r = 0.009, p = 0.979). Also, component 5 loading factor negatively correlated with impulsivity (r = -0.527, p = 0.002), indicating that stronger function-structure associations were associated with individuals with lower impulsivity. These findings suggest that multimodal integration of MEG and FA provides novel associations between structure and function that may help differentiate adolescents with FASD from HC.

Asunto(s)

Trastornos del Espectro Alcohólico Fetal , Adolescente , Adulto , Anisotropía , Niño , Cognición , Imagen de Difusión Tensora , Femenino , Humanos , Magnetoencefalografía , Embarazo , Adulto Joven

Asunto(s)

Endoscopía Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Japón

RESUMEN

Catatonia is a nosologically unspecific syndrome, which subsumes a plethora of mostly complex affective, motor, and behavioral phenomena. Although catatonia frequently occurs in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), specific patterns of abnormal brain structure and function underlying catatonia are unclear at present. Here, we used a multivariate data fusion technique for multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to investigate patterns of aberrant intrinsic neural activity (INA) and gray matter volume (GMV) in SSD patients with and without catatonia. Resting-state functional MRI and structural MRI data were collected from 87 right-handed SSD patients. Catatonic symptoms were examined on the Northoff Catatonia Rating Scale (NCRS). A multivariate analysis approach was used to examine co-altered patterns of INA and GMV. Following a categorical approach, we found predominantly frontothalamic and corticostriatal abnormalities in SSD patients with catatonia (NCRS total score ≥ 3; n = 24) when compared to SSD patients without catatonia (NCRS total score = 0; n = 22) matched for age, gender, education, and medication. Corticostriatal network was associated with NCRS affective scores. Following a dimensional approach, 33 SSD patients with catatonia according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision were identified. NCRS behavioral scores were associated with a joint structural and functional system that predominantly included cerebellar and prefrontal/cortical motor regions. NCRS affective scores were associated with frontoparietal INA. This study provides novel neuromechanistic insights into catatonia in SSD suggesting co-altered structure/function-interactions in neural systems subserving coordinated visuospatial functions and motor behavior.

Asunto(s)

Catatonia , Corteza Cerebral , Conectoma , Cuerpo Estriado , Sustancia Gris , Red Nerviosa , Esquizofrenia , Tálamo , Adulto , Catatonia/diagnóstico por imagen , Catatonia/etiología , Catatonia/patología , Catatonia/fisiopatología , Corteza Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Cerebral/patología , Corteza Cerebral/fisiopatología , Cuerpo Estriado/diagnóstico por imagen , Cuerpo Estriado/patología , Cuerpo Estriado/fisiopatología , Femenino , Sustancia Gris/diagnóstico por imagen , Sustancia Gris/patología , Sustancia Gris/fisiopatología , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Imagen Multimodal , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Red Nerviosa/patología , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Esquizofrenia/complicaciones , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagen , Esquizofrenia/patología , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatología , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagen , Tálamo/patología , Tálamo/fisiopatología

RESUMEN

Introduction  Asahikawa Medical University (AMU) has conducted a 7-week JICA training course “Health Systems Management for Regional and District Health Management Officers” since 2008 and trained a total of 132 participants from 22 countries. In order to assess how trainees applied their public health knowledge and skills obtained through the training course to their communities, we conducted interviews in Kenya, Malawi, and Liberia to explore their current public health problems and to identify what programs are required for our further training course to improve their health system.Methods  Among 29 trainees in three countries in total, 15 were face-to-face interviewed and 6 were phone-interviewed on February 2019. The rest was missing but we identified five of their current position.Results  The trainees made best use of knowledge and skills obtained from following lectures and/or field trips in their communities, such as “Project Cycle Management”, “Maternal and child health”, “Public health centers’ visit”, “Waste management including water supply and sewage treatment”, “School health”, “Tele-medicine”, and “5S-KAIZEN”. They also requested us to provide following lectures and field visits to tackle with their future health problems, such as “Japan’s experience to achieve the Universal Health Coverage”, “Health system strengthening”, “Disaster medicine and management”, “Non-communicable diseases”, and “Capacity development”.Discussion & Conclusions  By face-to-face or phone interviews in three countries, we grasped ideas of current health problems and verified an effectiveness of our training programs in each country. We also helped the trainees, their co-workers, community people (volunteers) to increase the motivation of their relevant works and activities through the field visit. Therefore, in order to provide a better training program, we further need to enhance international cooperation between us and African countries as well as to strengthen our training capacities including regular follow-up systems to ex-trainees.

RESUMEN

Neurological soft signs (NSS) comprise a broad range of subtle neurological deficits and are considered to represent external markers of sensorimotor dysfunction frequently found in mental disorders of presumed neurodevelopmental origin. Although NSS frequently occur in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), specific patterns of co-altered brain structure and function underlying NSS in SSD have not been investigated so far. It is unclear whether gray matter volume (GMV) alterations or aberrant brain activity or a combination of both, are associated with NSS in SSD. Here, 37 right-handed SSD patients and 37 matched healthy controls underwent motor assessment and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 T. NSS were examined on the Heidelberg NSS scale. We used a multivariate data fusion technique for multimodal MRI data-multiset canonical correlation and joint independent component analysis (mCCA + jICA)-to investigate co-altered patterns of GMV and intrinsic neural fluctuations (INF) in SSD patients exhibiting NSS. The mCCA + jICA model indicated two joint group-discriminating components (temporoparietal/cortical sensorimotor and frontocerebellar/frontoparietal networks) and one modality-specific group-discriminating component (p < .05, FDR corrected). NSS motor score was associated with joint frontocerebellar/frontoparietal networks in SSD patients. This study highlights complex neural pathomechanisms underlying NSS in SSD suggesting aberrant structure and function, predominantly in cortical and cerebellar systems that critically subserve sensorimotor dynamics and psychomotor organization.

Asunto(s)

Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Sustancia Gris/diagnóstico por imagen , Desempeño Psicomotor/fisiología , Trastornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Femenino , Sustancia Gris/fisiopatología , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Examen Neurológico , Trastornos Psicóticos/fisiopatología , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) measurements may represent activity from partially divergent neural sources, but this factor is seldom modeled in fMRI-EEG data integration. NEW METHOD: This paper proposes an approach to estimate the spatial overlap between sources of activity measured simultaneously with fMRI and EEG. Following the extraction of task-related activity, the key steps include, 1) distributed source reconstruction of the task-related ERP activity (ERP source model), 2) transformation of fMRI activity to the ERP spatial scale by forward modelling of the scalp potential field distribution and backward source reconstruction (fMRI source simulation), and 3) optimization of fMRI and ERP thresholds to maximize spatial overlap without a priori constraints of coupling (overlap calculation). RESULTS: FMRI and ERP responses were recorded simultaneously in 15 subjects performing an auditory oddball task. A high degree of spatial overlap between sources of fMRI and ERP responses (in 9 or more of 15 subjects) was found specifically within temporoparietal areas associated with the task. Areas of non-overlap in fMRI and ERP sources were relatively small and inconsistent across subjects. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD: The ERP and fMRI sources estimated with solely jICA overlapped in just 4 of 15 subjects, and strictly in the parietal cortex. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that the new fMRI-ERP spatial overlap estimation method provides greater spatiotemporal detail of the cortical dynamics than solely jICA. As such, we propose that it is a superior method for the integration of fMRI and EEG to study brain function.

Asunto(s)

Mapeo Encefálico/métodos , Corteza Cerebral/fisiología , Electroencefalografía/métodos , Potenciales Evocados/fisiología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Neurociencias/métodos , Procesamiento de Señales Asistido por Computador , Adulto , Percepción Auditiva/fisiología , Corteza Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Potenciales Relacionados con Evento P300/fisiología , Humanos

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Disorders with psychotic features, including schizophrenia and some bipolar disorders, are associated with impairments in regulation of goal-directed behavior, termed cognitive control. Cognitive control-related neural alterations have been studied in psychosis. However, studies are typically unimodal, and relationships across modalities of brain function and structure remain unclear. Thus, we performed transdiagnostic multimodal analyses to examine cognitive control-related neural variation in psychosis. METHODS: Structural, resting, and working memory task imaging for 31 control participants, 27 participants with bipolar disorder, and 23 participants with schizophrenia were collected and processed identically to the Human Connectome Project, enabling identification of relationships with prior multimodal work. Two cognitive control-related independent components (ICs) derived from the Human Connectome Project using multiset canonical correlation analysis with joint IC analysis were used to predict performance in psychosis. De novo multiset canonical correlation analysis with joint IC analysis was performed, and the results were correlated with cognitive control. RESULTS: A priori working memory and cortical thickness maps significantly predicted cognitive control in psychosis. De novo multiset canonical correlation analysis with joint IC analysis identified an IC correlated with cognitive control that also discriminated groups. Structural contributions included insular and cingulate regions; task contributions included precentral, posterior parietal, cingulate, and visual regions; and resting-state contributions highlighted canonical network organization. Follow-up analyses suggested that correlations with cognitive control were primarily influenced by participants with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: A priori and de novo imaging replicably identified a set of interrelated patterns across modalities and the healthy-to-psychosis spectrum, suggesting robustness of these features. Relationships between imaging and cognitive control performance suggest that shared symptomatology may be key to identifying transdiagnostic relationships in psychosis.

Asunto(s)

Trastorno Bipolar/fisiopatología , Cognición/fisiología , Neuroimagen , Trastornos Psicóticos/fisiopatología , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatología , Adulto , Trastorno Bipolar/complicaciones , Conectoma/métodos , Femenino , Giro del Cíngulo/patología , Giro del Cíngulo/fisiopatología , Humanos , Masculino , Memoria a Corto Plazo/fisiología , Neuroimagen/métodos , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Trastornos Psicóticos/complicaciones , Esquizofrenia/complicaciones

RESUMEN

Multimodal fusion has been regarded as a promising tool to discover covarying patterns of multiple imaging types impaired in brain diseases, such as schizophrenia (SZ). In this article, we aim to investigate the covarying abnormalities underlying SZ in a large Chinese Han population (307 SZs, 298 healthy controls [HCs]). Four types of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, including regional homogeneity (ReHo) from resting-state functional MRI, gray matter volume (GM) from structural MRI, fractional anisotropy (FA) from diffusion MRI, and functional network connectivity (FNC) resulted from group independent component analysis, were jointly analyzed by a data-driven multivariate fusion method. Results suggest that a widely distributed network disruption appears in SZ patients, with synchronous changes in both functional and structural regions, especially the basal ganglia network, salience network (SAN), and the frontoparietal network. Such a multimodal coalteration was also replicated in another independent Chinese sample (40 SZs, 66 HCs). Our results on auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) also provide evidence for the hypothesis that prefrontal hypoactivation and temporal hyperactivation in SZ may lead to failure of executive control and inhibition, which is relevant to AVH. In addition, impaired working memory performance was found associated with GM reduction and FA decrease in SZ in prefrontal and superior temporal area, in both discovery and replication datasets. In summary, by leveraging multiple imaging and clinical information into one framework to observe brain in multiple views, we can integrate multiple inferences about SZ from large-scale population and offer unique perspectives regarding the missing links between the brain function and structure that may not be achieved by separate unimodal analyses.

Asunto(s)

Ganglios Basales , Disfunción Cognitiva , Alucinaciones , Red Nerviosa , Neuroimagen/métodos , Esquizofrenia , Adulto , Ganglios Basales/diagnóstico por imagen , Ganglios Basales/patología , Ganglios Basales/fisiopatología , China , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagen , Disfunción Cognitiva/etiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/patología , Disfunción Cognitiva/fisiopatología , Conectoma/métodos , Femenino , Alucinaciones/diagnóstico por imagen , Alucinaciones/etiología , Alucinaciones/patología , Alucinaciones/fisiopatología , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Red Nerviosa/patología , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Esquizofrenia/complicaciones , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagen , Esquizofrenia/patología , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatología , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

Cognitive control is a construct that refers to the set of functions that enable decision-making and task performance through the representation of task states, goals, and rules. The neural correlates of cognitive control have been studied in humans using a wide variety of neuroimaging modalities, including structural MRI, resting-state fMRI, and task-based fMRI. The results from each of these modalities independently have implicated the involvement of a number of brain regions in cognitive control, including dorsal prefrontal cortex, and frontal parietal and cingulo-opercular brain networks. However, it is not clear how the results from a single modality relate to results in other modalities. Recent developments in multimodal image analysis methods provide an avenue for answering such questions and could yield more integrated models of the neural correlates of cognitive control. In this study, we used multiset canonical correlation analysis with joint independent component analysis (mCCA + jICA) to identify multimodal patterns of variation related to cognitive control. We used two independent cohorts of participants from the Human Connectome Project, each of which had data from four imaging modalities. We replicated the findings from the first cohort in the second cohort using both independent and predictive analyses. The independent analyses identified a component in each cohort that was highly similar to the other and significantly correlated with cognitive control performance. The replication by prediction analyses identified two independent components that were significantly correlated with cognitive control performance in the first cohort and significantly predictive of performance in the second cohort. These components identified positive relationships across the modalities in neural regions related to both dynamic and stable aspects of task control, including regions in both the frontal-parietal and cingulo-opercular networks, as well as regions hypothesized to be modulated by cognitive control signaling, such as visual cortex. Taken together, these results illustrate the potential utility of multi-modal analyses in identifying the neural correlates of cognitive control across different indicators of brain structure and function.

Asunto(s)

Encéfalo/fisiología , Cognición/fisiología , Conectoma/métodos , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Imagen Multimodal , Adulto Joven