RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chronic pain is comorbid with psychiatric disorders, but information on the association of chronic pain with depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety, and suicidal behavior among occupational cohorts is inadequate. We investigated these associations among employed Chilean adults. METHODS: A total of 1946 working adults were interviewed during their outpatient visit. Pain was assessed using the Short Form McGill Pain questionnaire (SF-MPG) while depression and generalized anxiety were examined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), respectively. The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale was used to assess suicidal behavior and suicidal ideation. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the association of chronic pain with mood disorders, as well as suicidal behavior. RESULTS: High chronic pain (SF-MPG > 11) was reported by 46% of participants. Approximately two-fifths of the study participants (38.2%) had depression, 23.8% generalized anxiety, 13.4% suicidal ideation, and 2.4% suicidal behavior. Compared to those with low pain (SF-MPG ≤11), participants with high chronic pain (SF-MPG > 11) had increased odds of experiencing depression only (aOR = 2.87; 95% CI: 2.21-3.73), generalized anxiety only (aOR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.42-3.99), and comorbid depression and generalized anxiety (aOR = 6.91; 95% CI: 5.20-9.19). The corresponding aOR (95%CI) for suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior were (aOR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.58-3.07) and (aOR = 2.18 = 95% CI: 0.99-4.79), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic pain is associated with increased odds of depression, generalized anxiety, and suicidal behavior. Mental health support and appropriate management of patients experiencing chronic pain are critical.
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Dolor Crónico , Ideación Suicida , Adulto , Humanos , Chile/epidemiología , Dolor Crónico/epidemiología , Dolor Crónico/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Trastornos de Ansiedad/complicaciones , Trastornos de Ansiedad/epidemiología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/diagnóstico , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
AIM: To understand the meaning of hope among individuals with spinal cord injury. DESIGN: A qualitative study employing the ethnographic method was used, with 18 individuals. METHOD: Participant observation was chosen to understand individuals with spinal cord injury and interviews were used to elicit information about the hope experience. The data were analysed using Ernst Bloch's theory of hope. FINDINGS: Participants constructed their own personality and sense of self, including their hopes for their future, based on their life before their injury. Life after experiencing spinal cord injury highlighted the limitations and potentialities of their hopes. Using a sense of hope to establish goals for the future helped participants overcome obstacles. CONCLUSION: Hope in people with spinal cord injury helped them cope with the fundamental changes to their daily lives. Hope played an important role in articulating coping strategies and setting and achieving goals. These findings may help nurses understand the limits and potentialities of hope as an instigator of goals in the daily life of individuals with spinal cord injury.
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Esperanza , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/psicología , Adaptación Psicológica , Brasil/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Investigación Cualitativa , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/epidemiología , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/enfermería , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In 2016, Colombia's position regarding motorcyclist fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants was tenth worldwide and second in South America. In the seven years from 2012-2018, the proportion of deceased and injured motorcyclists among all road users was 50%. To analyse the significant aspects of the accident rate of motorcyclists in Colombia from 2016 to 2018 and estimate cost social value of motorcycle-related deaths. The global numbers of fatalities and injuries were compared to the Colombian context. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted to explore the association of fatal trauma and motorcycle accidents. P values and odds ratios were calculated. Bogotá, Cali, and Medellín were the cities with the most accidents. The month, day, time, age of the victims, and climatic conditions had a statistically significant association with the fatal trauma. Most victims were between the ages of 20-29 years. Motorcycles were involved in more than 60% of accidents. The social cost of a life lost in a motorcycle accident was estimated at $2,418 million Colombian pesos (725,400 USD) per year. The establishment of countermeasures for the road safety of vulnerable users should focus on associated causal factors in order to develop strategies to effectively reduce the number of accidents.
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Accidentes de Tránsito , Motocicletas , Heridas y Lesiones/epidemiología , Accidentes de Tránsito/economía , Accidentes de Tránsito/mortalidad , Accidentes de Tránsito/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Colombia/epidemiología , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Internacionalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Distribución por Sexo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This article presents the mapping and analysis of fires with dead and wounded people in the Metropolitan Region of Recife (MRR) served by the Firefighters Department from 2013 to 2016. There was an average rate of 1 death per million inhabitants, similar to countries such as Singapore and Vietnam. The weighted number of fires per wounded or dead person results in rates of 0.5 and 1.7 per 100 recorded fires, respectively. These numbers are concerning, especially when compared to rates from other regions in the world. The victims of fires in MRR were shown to generally not be a perceivable problem in terms of common sense, yet they are real and require accurate analysis and effective measures.
Este artigo apresenta o mapeamento e a análise de incêndios com mortes e feridos na Região Metropolitana do Recife RMR, atendidos pelo Corpo de Bombeiros, no período de 2013 a 2016. Verificou-se uma taxa média de 1 morte por milhão de habitantes, semelhante a países como Singapura e Vietnam. Quando se pondera a quantidade de incêndios para que haja um ferido ou morto, as taxas se apresentam respectivamente em 0,5 e 1,7 por 100 incêndios registrados sendo estes números preocupantes, principalmente quando comparados com taxas de outras regiões no mundo. Conclui-se que as vítimas de incêndios na Região (RMR) são um problema silente ao senso comum, mas real e que exige análise acurada e providências efetivas.
Este artículo presenta la cartografía y análisis de incendios con muertes y heridos en la Zona Metropolitana de Recife (ZMR), atendidos por el Cuerpo de Bomberos, en el período de 2013 a 2016. Se ha verificado un promedio de 1 muerte por millón de habitantes, semejante a países como Singapur y Vietnam. Cuando se examina la cantidad de incendios para que haya un herido o muerto, los promedios se presentan respectivamente de 0,5 y 1,7 por 100 incendios registrados, lo cual es preocupante, principalmente en comparación con los promedios de otras regiones del mundo. Se concluye que las víctimas de incendios en la ZMR son un problema silencioso y real, lo que exige un análisis cuidadoso y diligencias efectivas.
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Humanos , Edificios , Víctimas de Desastres , Muerte , IncendiosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Stroke is one of the most prevalent neurological diseases worldwide, especially among the elderly population. There are various mechanisms that enhance motor recovery after a stroke. In clinical practice, we have the opportunity to enhance plasticity by designing specific rehabilitation programs. Areas covered: There are a variety of drugs commonly administered to people after the acute phase of a stroke. These drugs may modify motor performance. Herein reviewed is the evidence concerning motor enhancement or decline in stroke patients, produced by drugs commonly used in rehabilitation settings. An extensive review of animal and human studies is performed. Expert commentary: Many of the clinical trials carried out were underpowered. Modest evidence supports the claim that there are agents that can affect motor rehabilitation after a stroke. Amphetamine-like agents, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and levodopa might improve motor outcomes, while antipsychotics, some antiepileptic drugs, and GABAmimetic drugs could impair the recovery process. To draw definite recommendations, more comprehensive knowledge about the efficacy, long-term effects, and safety of these drugs is required. There are also other interesting molecules that open a promising field for basic and clinical research, in the search for new therapeutic options.
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Rehabilitación de Accidente Cerebrovascular , Accidente Cerebrovascular/tratamiento farmacológico , Anfetaminas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Dopaminérgicos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Levodopa/uso terapéutico , Recuperación de la Función/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/uso terapéutico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Andrographolide (ANDRO) has been studied for its immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotection effects. Because brain hypoxia is the most common factor of secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury, we studied the role and possible mechanism of ANDRO in this process using hypoxia-injured astrocytes. Mouse cortical astrocytes C8-D1A (astrocyte type I clone from C57/BL6 strains) were subjected to 3 and 21% of O2 for various times (0-12 h) to establish an astrocyte hypoxia injury model in vitro. After hypoxia and ANDRO administration, the changes in cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Expression changes in apoptosis-related proteins, autophagy-related proteins, main factors of JNK pathway, ATG5, and S100B were determined by western blot. Hypoxia remarkably damaged C8-D1A cells evidenced by reduction of cell viability and induction of apoptosis. Hypoxia also induced autophagy and overproduction of S100B. ANDRO reduced cell apoptosis and promoted cell autophagy and S100B expression. After ANDRO administration, autophagy-related proteins, S-100B, JNK pathway proteins, and ATG5 were all upregulated, while autophagy-related proteins and s100b were downregulated when the jnk pathway was inhibited or ATG5 was knocked down. ANDRO conferred a survival advantage to hypoxia-injured astrocytes by reducing cell apoptosis and promoting autophagy and s100b expression. Furthermore, the promotion of autophagy and s100b expression by ANDRO was via activation of jnk pathway and regulation of ATG5.
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Animales , Ratones , Astrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Hipoxia de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Diterpenos/farmacología , Subunidad beta de la Proteína de Unión al Calcio S100/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Astrocitos/fisiología , Western Blotting , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Subunidad beta de la Proteína de Unión al Calcio S100/metabolismo , Factores de Tiempo , TransfecciónRESUMEN
O objetivo deste estudo foi o de compreender as relações entre a organização do trabalho e o agravamento dos casos por LER/DORT, além das repercussões na saúde na situação de afastamento do trabalho pela doença. Métodos: Foram levantados dados sociodemográficos e de trabalho de prontuários de sujeitos atendidos no Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador- CEREST, da cidade de Santos/SP, e selecionados sujeitos com diagnósticos clínicos estabelecidos para LER/DORT e que haviam vivenciado a situação de afastamento do trabalho por motivo da doença. Os sujeitos foram convidados a participar de entrevista individual e semiestruturada, com base em roteiros pré-elaborados. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas na íntegra para análise de conteúdo categorial temática. Os resultados obtidos trouxeram a compreensão de que houve envolvimento dos modos de organização do trabalho no agravamento dos casos, e as consequências interferem na saúde do trabalhador e no seu cotidiano de vida, resultando em sofrimento psíquico. Evidencia-se a necessidade de uma maior inserção de equipes multiprofissionais em ações interdisciplinares, e com psicólogos junto a esta temática.
The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between the organization of work and the increase of cases by RSI / WRMSDs, in addition to the effects on health in the clearance status of work by the disease. Methods: Collection of sociodemographic and labor subjects' records data on Worker-Health Reference Center -CEREST, city of Santos/SP, and selected subjects with clinical diagnoses established for RSI/WRMSDs and who had experienced the absence of work because of the disease. The subjects were invited to participate in individual and semi structured interviews, based on pre-prepared scripts. The interviews were recorded and transcribed for thematic content analysis. The results brought the understand that there was involvement of the work organization in the worsening of the cases, and the consequences interfere in workers' health and their daily lives, resulting in psychological suffering. It highlights the need for greater integration of multidisciplinary teams in interdisciplinary actions, and psychologists with this theme.
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Trastornos de Traumas Acumulados , Psicología , Costo de Enfermedad , Salud LaboralRESUMEN
The experiments were performed with Escherichia coli O157:H7 EDL 933 in freshwater microcosms at 12 °C. At 35, 45, and 70 days, samples were taken and filtered through 0.45 µm membrane filters. The following alternatives were tested to evaluate the recovery percentage of injured cells: (1) selective media CHROMagar(™)O157 and chromID(™)O157:H7 agar, at 37 °C for 24 h; (2) tryptic soy agar supplemented with yeast extract (TSAE), incubated at 25 °C for 2 or 4 h, then transferred to CHROMagar(™)O157 or chromID(™)O157:H7 agar at 37 °C (TSAE2h-CHROM, TSAE4h-CHROM and TSAE2h-ID, TSAE4h-ID); (3) thin agar layer (TAL) method, TSAE was overlaid on CHROMagar(™)O157 or chromID(™)O157:H7 agar (TALCHROM and TALID, respectively) and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h; and (4) TALCHROM at 25 °C for 4 h, then continued up to complete 24 h at 37 °C (TALCHROM4h). Furthermore, the recovery of E. coli O157:H7 cells adhering to glass coverslips were evaluated to mimic biofilm conditions. The recovery percentages obtained from each alternative were calculated relative to TSAE counts. After 70 days, TSAE4h-CHROM and TALCHROM4h showed the highest recovery percentage (>90 %) from water microcosms. Despite the improved recovery of cell adhering to glass surfaces, the percentages obtained with TSAE4h-CHROM were low. Further studies for the recovery of biofilm-forming E. coli O157:H7 are required. Pre-incubation on TSAE at 25 °C for 4 h, combined with CHROMagar(™)O157, or by thin agar layer method (TALCHROM) enhanced significantly the recovery of viable cells of E. coli O157:H7 after prolonged stay in water microcosms.
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Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Escherichia coli O157/aislamiento & purificación , Agua Dulce/microbiología , Agua Subterránea/microbiología , Plancton/aislamiento & purificación , Agar , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Medios de Cultivo , Consorcios MicrobianosRESUMEN
We analyzed the behavior of third-instars of Chrysomya putoria as potential cannibals in experimental populations. Cannibalism rates were evaluated in three settings observed for 3, 6, 9, and 24 h, placing injured and uninjured larvae of C. putoria together. Our data heavily support that C. putoria larvae behave as cannibals when induced by a wound in another larva, and also after starving for 24 h. The probability of cannibalism increased as a function of time, both in no-choice and in choice experiments evidencing that time is a determining factor for cannibalism induction in C. putoria. However, the treatment combining injured with uninjured larvae showed the highest probability of cannibalism. These results suggest that C. putoria larvae may cannibalize under scarcity of food over long time or the presence of injured larvae. This study is useful to understand the behavior of C. putoria feeding on ephemeral substrates such as carrion or corpses and brings relevant and significant contribution to population ecology of blowflies and also forensic entomology.
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Canibalismo , Dípteros/fisiología , Animales , Entomología , Ciencias Forenses , LarvaRESUMEN
Se realiza una revisión de las debilidades y valores clínicos de los diferentes sistemas de evaluación, ya publicados, en cuanto al trato a brindar a una extremidad severamente lesionada. Se consideran los criterios de cada sistema de puntuación en relación a la toma de decisión, ante la disyuntiva de amputar o conservar un miembro severamente lesionado. El sistema de puntuación de severidad de la extremidad lesionada (MESS) es el más empleado por su fácil cálculo y seguridad(AU)
A review is made of the weaknesses and clinical values of the different assessment systems, already published, in regards to the treatment to provide a severely injured extremity. Considered the criteria of each scoring system in relation to the decision-making, faced with the alternative of amputating or retain a member severely injured. The Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS)) is the most used by its easy calculation and security(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Extremidad Inferior , Extremidad Superior , Toma de Decisiones , Amputación Quirúrgica/psicología , Terapéutica , Heridas y LesionesRESUMEN
Ante defectos masivos a nivel de la tibia, se consideran técnicas que comprometan mínimamente las partes blandas y garanticen la viabilidad, funcionalidad de la extremidad y sea accesible para la población. Por primera vez en la literatura, a propósito de un caso, se describe la técnica de Huntington y se modifica de manera netamente percutánea, tomando como criterio de selección una extremidad severamente lesionada, con gran defecto diafisiario, para lo cual se realizó centralización del peroné de manera percutánea y fijación externa con alambres de Kirschner y retiro de material a los 5 meses. Actualmente, presenta discrepancia de miembros inferiores de 5cms, y marcha independiente soportada con suela compensatoria. Esta técnica puede ser empleada en niños y adolescentes; no se recomienda en caso de zonas metafiso-epifisiarias. Se basa en el menor compromiso de partes blandas, menor desperiostización y posibilidad de lesiones vasculonerviosas; ofrece una solución viable ante grandes defectos tibiales a ser considerado por el cirujano ortopedista(AU)
Several techniques have been considered to improve major tibia defects, all of them have been in minimally invasive surgery with less injury on the soft tissue, ensuring function and viability of the extremity, as well as and easy treatment access by patients. This is first time in literature Huntington's technique is described and modified purely to the percutaneous level, with an evidence degree type IV. In this particular case we took into consideration the selection of a severely-injured extremity with a large diaphysis defect, which experienced centralization of the fibula to Huntington's technique, was rearranged at the percutaneous level, and externally fixated temporally with Kirschner needle. Lower discrepancy less than 5 centimeters between both extremities is showed as final results; supported independent walking with compensatory sole. This technique can be used in children and adolescents; however it is not recommended in cases where metaphyseal- epiphyseal zones are affected. Aiming to goal for the least damage and compromise of the soft tissue, as well as periosteomy, and possibilities of vascular or nervous lesions, this technique offers a viable solution against major tibia defects and could be considered by the orthopedic surgeon(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Osteomielitis , Tibia/cirugía , Tibia/lesiones , Densidad Ósea , Fracturas Abiertas , Tejidos , Heridas y Lesiones , Diáfisis , Síndrome de Camurati-EngelmannRESUMEN
Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia del nutrial II como nutrición enteral suplementaria en el preoperatorio del lesionado complejo. Métodos: se realizó un estudio experimental, longitudinal y prospectivo de forma aleatoria en los pacientes lesionados complejos que ingresaron en la Unidad de Cuidados Intermedios Quirúrgicos del Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto", en el periodo comprendido desde el 1ro. de enero de 2006 hasta el 1ro. de enero de 2009. Se conformaron 2 grupos y fue posible estudiar a 100 pacientes. A ambos grupos se les suministró la dieta libre establecida. Al grupo 2 se le adicionó un producto cubano, llamado nutrial II. Resultados: el grupo 2, que consumió el suplemento nutricional, mostró en el preoperatorio elevación hasta 82 por ciento de los pacientes con buen estado nutricional. Se evidenció una estadía hospitalaria más corta en el grupo que consumió el suplemento nutricional. Los lesionados del grupo 2 tuvieron menor estadía preoperatoria; en este grupo se logró que los pacientes asistieran al acto operatorio con una pérdida de nitrógeno cerca de los valores límites de la normalidad, al igual que la albúmina y el colesterol, y solo el 20 por ciento de los pacientes del grupo que recibió el suplemento por vía oral presentó algún tipo de complicación. Conclusiones: las variables que miden el estado nutricional de los lesionados complejos se mantuvieron dentro de límites aceptables para una intervención quirúrgica a corto plazo en el grupo que recibió el nutrial II. Se mostró reducción del número de complicaciones posoperatorias infecciosas en el grupo de lesionados que recibieron el nutrimento, el cual se considera útil para disminuir la morbilidad
Objective: to assess the effectiveness of Nutrial II as supplementary enteral nutrition in the postoperative stage of complicated injured patient. Methods: a randomized, prospective, longitudinal and experimental study was conducted in complicated injured patients admitted in the Surgical Intermediate Care Unit of the "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto" Central Military Hospital from January 1, 2006 to January 1, 2009. Two groups were created and it was possible to study 100 patients. Both groups received the established free diet and to group 2 a Cuban product called Nutrial II was added. Results: the group 2 had the nutritional supplement and in the postoperative stage showed a rise up to 82 percent of patients with a good nutritional status. It was evidenced a shorter hospital stay in the group consumed the nutritional supplement. The injured ones of the group 2 had less postoperative stay; in this group authors achieved that patients went to surgery with a loss of nitrogen near of limit values of the normality like the albumin and cholesterol, and only the 20 percent of patients from the group with oral supplement had some type of complication. Conclusions: the variables measuring the nutritional status of the complicated injured remained within the acceptable limits for a short term surgical intervention in the group with Nutrial II. There was a reduction in the number of postoperative infectious complications in the injured group under nourishment, which is considered as useful to decrease the morbility
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Humanos , Cuidados Preoperatorios/tendencias , Nutrición Enteral/métodos , Nutrientes/análisis , Recuperación Nutricional/métodos , Estudios Longitudinales , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
Neste estudo descrevem-se as características da utilização de serviços de saúde por trabalhadores que sofreram acidentes de trabalho. Os dados provêm das três primeiras fases de um estudo de coorte de base comunitária sobre saúde e trabalho, iniciado no ano 2000, e conduzido com todos os trabalhadores de 2.512 famílias selecionadas por amostragem aleatória de conglomerado, de estágio único, residentes na cidade de Salvador, Bahia. Entrevistas individuais foram empregadas para a coleta de dados. Nesta pesquisa analisaram-se os trabalhadores (n = 628) que referiram ter sofrido acidente de trabalho nos 12 meses antes da entrevista. Observou-se que cerca de metade dos casos de acidentes recebeu primeiros socorros e tratamento médico. A maioria (71%) foi atendida em unidades do SUS. Cerca de 15% tiveram o atendimento pago por planos de saúde privados. Observou-se também que a maioria referiu alta satisfação com o atendimento, tanto em serviços públicos como privados. Entre os usuários do SUS, predominaram os trabalhadores sem carteira assinada, mas trabalhadores segurados também utilizaram os serviços públicos em sua maioria. Concluiu-se que o SUS tem expressiva participação no atendimento de acidentados do trabalho, independentemente da condição de cobertura por planos de saúde.
This study describes the characteristics of health services utilization by workers reporting work-related injuries. Data comes from the three first phases of a community-based cohort study about health and work that started in the year 2000, carried out with all workers from 2,512 families living in the city of Salvador, Bahia, that were selected by one-stage cluster area random sampling. Individual interviews were used for data collection. In this study, cases of work injuries reported during the 12 months before the interview (n=628) are analyzed. The majority (71.0%) of injured workers received medical treatment in facilities from the Unified Health System, SUS, a public health care system of universal coverage. Around 15% received treatment from private health insurance plans. Among SUS customers most workers have no formal job contracts, although insured workers also utilized public health care services. In sum, the SUS has expressive participation in the health care of injured workers independently of their entitlement for private health care.
RESUMEN
Os sujeitos com lesão medular podem sofrer inúmeras alterações fisiológicas como, por exemplo, atrofia muscular e, como destacado na literatura, o aumento do percentual de gordura (KOCINA, 1997). Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar o Percentual de Gordura (% G) de Lesados Medulares, praticantes de Basquetebol em Cadeira de Rodas. O estudo foi realizado com 22 sujeitos do sexo masculino com Lesão Medular, na faixa entre 18 e 32 anos, divididos em dois grupos (11 sujeitos cada) segundo o nível de lesão: G I - Lesão Superior e G II - Lesão Inferior, sendo o ponto de corte o nível T-7 (Sétima Vértebra Torácica). Na avaliação foi utilizada a técnica antropométrica. Para determinar a densidade corporal foi utilizada uma equação de Bulbulian et al. (1987). Para o calculo de % G foi utilizada a equação de Siri (1961). Na análise dos dados foi aplicado o Teste 't' de student e o pos hoc de Kruskal-Wallis, através do software Minitab 14. Os sujeitos do G I apresentaram valores mais altos de % G: (23,44 contra 19,42 %), o que sugere que estes tenham um maior gasto energético, não tendo sido encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as médias. Todos os sujeitos apresentaram percentual de gordura acima dos níveis normais, estabelecidos na literatura para sujeitos não deficientes na faixa etária estudada, o que está de acordo com a afirmação da autora citada. Entretanto, há evidências de que os lesados possuam alta demanda energética, o que pode minimizar o acúmulo de gordura.
Individuals with spinal cord injury may suffer innumerable physiological alterations such as muscular atrophy and, as detached in literature, the increase of the percentage of body fat (KOCINA, 1997). This study aimed at determining the Percentage of BodyFat (% G) of wheelchair basketball individuals with Spinal Cord Injury. The study was carried out with 22 male subjects with Spinal Cord Injury, 18-32 yr, divided in two groups (11 subjects) according to injury level: GI - High Injury and GII - Low Injury. The cutoff score was T7 (Spinal Cord Segment). Anthropometric technique was used for the assessment. An equation of Bulbulian et. al. (1987) to determine the body density was used. the equation of Siri (1961) was used to calculate the %G . Test t of student and the Kruskal-Wallis pos hoc through software Minitab 14 was applied fot the data analysis. The individuals from GI presented higher %G-values (23.44 against 19.42%), suggesting their higher energy expenditure. Signifi cant differences between the means were not found through the statistical procedures. All the subjects presented percentage of fat above normal levels values found in the literature for non-injured with the same age in accordance with the affirmation of the cited author. However, there are evidences that the injured have high energy demand, what may minimize the accumulation of fat.