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To study the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission characteristics of industrial enterprises in China, 6 typical chemical industries in Yuncheng City were selected as research objects, including the modern coal chemical industry (MCC), pharmaceutical industry (PM), pesticide industry (PE), coking industry (CO) and organic chemical industry (OC). The chemical composition of 91 VOCs was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the emission concentration of VOCs in the chemical industry ranged from 1.16 to 155.59 mg/m3. Alkanes were the main emission components of MCC (62.0%), PE (55.1%), and OC (58.5%). Alkenes (46.5%) were important components of PM, followed by alkanes (23.8%) and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) (21.2%). Halocarbons (8.6%-71.1%), OVOCs (9.7%-37.6%) and alkanes (11.2%-27.0%) were characteristic components of CO. The largest contributor to OFP was alkenes (0.6%-81.7%), followed by alkanes (9.3%-45.9%), and the lowest one was alkyne (0%-0.5%). Aromatics (66.9%-85.4%) were the largest contributing components to SOA generation, followed by alkanes (2.6%-28.5%), and the lowest one was alkenes (0%-4.1%). Ethylene and BTEX were the key active species in various chemical industries. The human health risk assessment showed workers long-term exposed to the air in the chemical industrial zone had a high cancer and non-cancer risk during work, and BTEX and dichloromethane were the largest contributors.

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Lipases comprise the third most commercialized group of enzymes worldwide and those of microbial origin are sought for their multiple advantages. Agro-industrial waste can be an alternative culture medium for producing lipases, reducing production costs and the improper disposal of waste frying oil (WFO). This study aimed to produce yeast lipases through submerged fermentation (SF) using domestic edible oil waste as inducer and alternative culture medium. The optimal culture conditions, most effective inducer, and purification method for a new lipase from Moesziomyces aphidis BRT57 were identified. Yeast was cultured in medium containing green coconut pulp and WFO waste for 72 h. The maximum production of lipases in SF occurred in a culture medium containing WFO and yeast extract at 48 and 72 h of incubation, with enzyme activities of 8.88 and 11.39 U mL-1, respectively. The lipase was isolated through ultrafiltration followed by size exclusion chromatography, achieving a 50.46 % recovery rate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the production and purification of lipases from M. aphidis, demonstrating the value of frying oil as inducer and alternative medium for SF, contributing to the production of fatty acids for biodiesel from food waste.

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Grape pomace (GP) and pecan shell (PS) are two by-products rich in phenolic compounds (PC), and dietary fiber (DF) that may be considered for the development of functional baked foods. In this study, four formulations with different GP:PS ratios (F1(8%:5%), F2(5%:5%), F3(5%:2%), F4(0%:5%), and control bread (CB)) were elaborated and characterized (physiochemical and phytochemical content). Also, their inner structure (SEM), changes in their FTIR functional group's vibrations, and the bioaccessibility of PC and sugars, including an in vitro glycemic index, were analyzed. Results showed that all GP:PS formulations had higher mineral, protein, DF (total, soluble, and insoluble), and PC content than CB. Additionally, PC and non-starch polysaccharides affected gluten and starch absorbance and pores distribution. In vitro digestion model showed a reduction in the glycemic index for all formulations, compared to CB. These findings highlight the possible health benefits of by-products and their interactions in baked goods.

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The Atlantic salmon is an extremely popular fish for its nutritional value and unique taste among several fish species. Researchers are focusing on the utilization of Atlantic salmon waste for generating protein hydrolysates rich in peptides and amino acids and investigating their health benefits. Several technological approaches, including enzymatic, chemical, and the recently developed subcritical water hydrolysis, are currently used for the production of Atlantic salmon waste protein hydrolysates. Hydrolyzing various wastes, e.g., heads, bones, skin, viscera, and trimmings, possessing antioxidant, blood pressure regulatory, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties, resulting in applications in human foods and nutraceuticals, animal farming, pharmaceuticals, cell culture, and cosmetics industries. Furthermore, future applications, constraints several challenges associated with industrial hydrolysate production, including sensory, safety, and economic constraints, which could be overcome by suggested techno processing measures. Further studies are recommended for developing large-scale, commercially viable production methods, focusing on eradicating sensory constraints and facilitating large-scale application.

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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the incidence of asthma and assess the association between job exposure matrix (N-JEM) assigned occupational exposure, self-reported occupational exposure to vapour, gas, dust and fumes (VGDF), mould, damages from moisture and cold, and new-onset asthma. We also aimed to assess the corresponding population attributable fraction (PAF) for ever exposure to VGDF. DESIGN: Longitudinal population-based respiratory health study. SETTING: Responders from the baseline Telemark Study in south-eastern Norway were followed up from 2013 to 2018. PARTICIPANTS: 7120 participants, aged 16-55, were followed during a 5-year period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: New-onset asthma and its association with self-reported occupational exposure to VGDF, data from the N-JEM and self-reported workplace conditions were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for gender, age, smoking and body mass index. The PAF was calculated using the PUNAF command in STATA. RESULTS: There were 266 (3.7%) cases of new-onset asthma and an incidence density of 7.5 cases per 1000 person-years. A statistically significant association was found for ever exposed to VGDF with an OR of 1.49 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.94), weekly OR 2.00 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.11) and daily OR 2.46 (95% CI 1.39 to 4.35) exposure to VGDF. The corresponding PAF for ever exposed to VGDF was 17% (95% CI 5.4% to 27.8%) and the risk of asthma onset increased with frequent VGDF exposure, indicating a possible exposure-response relationship (p=0.002 for trend). The N-JEM exposure group, accidental peak exposure to irritants had an increased risk of new-onset asthma, OR 2.43 (95% CI 1.21 to 4.90). A significant association was also found for self-reported exposure to visible damages due to moisture 1.51 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.11), visible and smell of mould 1.88 (95% CI 1.32 to 2.68), 1.55 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.16) and cold environment 1.41 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.86). CONCLUSION: Participants had elevated ORs for asthma associated with self-reported and N-JEM-assigned exposures. A PAF of 17% indicates that work-related asthma is still common. The possible exposure-response relationship suggests that reducing occupational VGDF exposure frequency could prevent the onset of asthma.

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Amides are an important type of synthetic intermediate used in the chemical, agrochemical, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. The traditional chemical process of converting nitriles into the corresponding amides is feasible but is restricted because of the harsh conditions required. In recent decades, nitrile hydratase (NHase, EC 4.2.1.84) has attracted considerable attention because of its application in nitrile transformation as a prominent biocatalyst. In this review, we provide a comprehensive survey of recent advances in NHase research in terms of natural distribution, enzyme screening, and molecular modification on the basis of its characteristics and catalytic mechanism. Additionally, industrial applications and recent significant biotechnology advances in NHase bioengineering and immobilization techniques are systematically summarized. Moreover, the current challenges and future perspectives for its further development in industrial applications for green chemistry were also discussed. This study contributes to the current state-of-the-art, providing important technical information for new NHase applications in manufacturing industries.

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The calibration industry is renowned for its diverse and sophisticated equipment and complex processes, which necessitate innovative solutions to keep pace with rapidly advancing technology. This paper introduces an enhancement to an existing microservice-based cloud architecture, aimed at effectively managing the inherent complexity within this field. The enhanced architecture seamlessly integrates various equipment types and communication technologies, aligning diverse stakeholder expectations into a unified system that ensures efficient and accurate calibration processes. It highlights the integration of microservices to facilitate various methods of uncertainty calculation and the generation of digital calibration certificates (DCCs). A case study on RF power measurement illustrates the practical application and benefits of the enhanced architecture. Although initially focused on RF power measurement, the flexible architecture allows for future expansions to accommodate new standards and measurement techniques. The enhanced system offers a comprehensive approach to managing data flow from calibration equipment to the final generation of DCCs, utilizing cloud-based services for efficient data processing. As a future direction, this extension sets the groundwork for broader applicability across multiple measurement types, ensuring readiness for upcoming advancements in metrology.

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Faced with measurement conditions such as high-temperature forging, strict prohibition of surface contamination, and toxic environments, using the projection point of an optical target projector (referred to as an "optical projector") as a photogrammetric target has become a necessary method of high-precision industrial photogrammetry. In connection with the current industrial demand, we have analyzed the principles of optical projectors and introduced their optical characteristics and advantages in the field of industrial photogrammetry. On this basis, a series of tests such as brightness, roundness, and so on were conducted to determine the basic properties of the optical projector. A set of performance test methods including inner coincidence accuracy and outer coincidence accuracy were proposed; the tests included industrial photogrammetry system measurement repeatability, surface measurement precision, and a comparison test with laser tracker. The test conditions used optical projection points as the photogrammetry targets. The test results showed that the coordinate measurement repeatability of the industrial photogrammetry system is 0.010 mm, and the surface measurement precision is 0.007 mm under the condition of a single optical projector station, with little difference between the results under the condition of pasting retro-reflective targets. In the process of the comparison test with laser tracker, the image quality of the black measurement object obtained is obviously inferior to other surfaces, so the analysis of the point projector is greatly affected by the color of the measured object and other conditions, which provides a reference for the measurement object and application range of the industrial photogrammetric system based on optical targets. The results demonstrate the applicability and reliability of using the optical projection point of an optical projector as target points for photogrammetry.

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Engineering microbial cells for the commercial production of biomolecules and biochemicals requires understanding how cells respond to dynamically changing substrate (feast-famine) conditions in industrial-scale bioreactors. Scale-down methods that oscillate substrate are commonly applied to predict the industrial-scale behavior of microbes. We followed a compartment modeling approach to design a scale-down method based on the simulation of an industrial-scale bioreactor. This study uses high cell-density scale-down experiments to investigate Escherichia coli knockout strains of five major glucose-sensitive transcription factors (Cra, Crp, FliA, PrpR, and RpoS) to study their regulatory role during glucose oscillations. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that the glucose oscillations caused the down-regulation of several stress-related functions in E. coli. An in-depth analysis of strain physiology and transcriptome revealed a distinct phenotype of the strains tested under glucose oscillations. Specifically, the knockout strains of Cra, Crp, and RpoS resulted in a more sensitive transcriptional response than the control strain, while the knockouts of FliA and PrpR responded less severely. These findings imply that the regulation orchestrated by Cra, Crp, and RpoS may be essential for robust E. coli production strains. In contrast, the regulation by FliA and PrpR may be undesirable for temporal oscillations in glucose availability.

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The legacy of industry reflects a city's journey and marks its cultural essence, highlighting the significance of preserving and promoting such historical assets. There is a noticeable gap in the discourse surrounding the intrinsic value of industrial heritage attractions and their impact on the fidelity of tourists. In light of this, the present investigation, rooted in the ABC attitude framework, examines the linkage between the perceived value, contentment, and allegiance of initial visitors to these sites. The study delves into the intermediary function of contentment and the variable influence of gender. Focusing on the Maoming Open-pit Ecological Park as a case in point, this research gathered and scrutinized 320 valid questionnaires. The outcomes demonstrate that the perceived value exerts a positive effect on both the satisfaction and the steadfastness of tourists. Satisfaction is identified as an intermediary between perceived value and tourist steadfastness. Additionally, gender plays a notable role in moderating specific aspects of the model. This inquiry aids in harnessing the potential of industrial heritage sites for the advancement of tourism, fostering economic prosperity and the rebirth of cultural practices. Furthermore, it lays down essential theoretical and practical building blocks for the evolution of industrial heritage as a tourism asset.

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Achieving natural resource utilization efficiency (NRUE) is a critical objective in addressing the pressing challenges of climate change and the risks associated with the finite availability of mineral resources. Enhancing NRUE can mitigate environmental impacts and support sustainable development for future generations. In this context, green innovation emerges as a pivotal driver of environmental sustainability and resource conservation. However, its potential role in advancing the NRUE has not been fully explored. To fill this gap, this study conducts an empirical analysis of 268 Chinese cities from 2010 to 2022, examining the impact of green innovation on NRUE. This study also incorporates the mediating role of environmental regulations in shaping this impact. The findings demonstrate that green innovation significantly enhances NRUE, primarily by facilitating industrial structural upgrading and reducing resource dependence. Additionally, environmental regulations strengthen the positive effects of green innovation, further amplifying its contribution to NRUE. Moreover, geographical location and differences in resource endowments among cities lead to variations in the effectiveness of green innovation on NRUE. These findings underscore the complex interplay between green technological progress, proactive government policies, and NRUE, offering valuable insights for policymakers and researchers alike.

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The industrial sector is a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to process emissions and a heavy reliance on fossil fuels for heat and power. Methods exist to produce low carbon versions of products made in industrial clusters, including hydrogen, carbon capture and storage and alternative production methods, but these could increase burdens to other areas of the environment, such as resource depletion and water scarcity. This study compares different decarbonisation pathways for ammonia, cement, methanol and steel produced in the UK, to determine whether decarbonising could result in unintended environmental consequences. To determine this, life cycle assessment was applied to compare 267 different pathways to the conventional (fossil fuel) baseline. We find that most pathways lead to GHG emission reductions (43 to 78 % on average) but would increase impacts to other areas of the environment, including metal resources and ecotoxicity (8 % to 5-fold and 19 % to 24-fold, on average respectively). This study is the first to assess decarbonisation pathways for unintended environmental impacts and is of interest to industry, policy makers and anyone modelling industrial lifecycle emissions.

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Industrial byproduct gypsum (BPG) is a secondary product that is mainly composed of calcium sulfate discharged during industrial production. BPG primarily consists of desulfurized gypsum, phosphogypsum, and titanium gypsum, which account for 88% of the total BPG in China. The large-scale utilization of these three types of solid waste is crucial for the safe disposal of BPG. BPG contains various impurities and harmful elements, limiting its applications. The continuous accumulation of BPG poses a serious threat to the safety of the environment. Based on a literature review (2021-2023), it was found that 52% of BPG is used in the preparation of cementitious materials, and the addition of BPG results in an average improvement of 7-30% in the mechanical properties of cementitious materials. Moreover, BPG has a positive impact on the immobilization of hazardous elements in raw materials. Therefore, the utilization of BPG in cementitious materials is beneficial for its large-scale disposal. This study primarily reviews the effects and mechanisms of BPG on the mechanical properties of cementitious materials and the solidification of hazardous elements. Most importantly, the review reveals that BPG positively influences the hydration activity of silica-alumina-based solid waste (such as steel slag and blast furnace slag) and alkaline solid waste (such as carbide slag and red mud). This improves the proportion of solid waste in cement and reduces production costs and carbon emissions. Finally, this article summarizes and proposes the application of BPG in cementitious materials. The application of BPG + silica-alumina solid waste + alkaline solid-waste-based cementitious materials is expected to realize a new type of green ecological chain for the joint utilization of multiple industrial solid wastes and to promote the low-carbon sustainable development of industrial clusters.

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Urban construction generates significant amounts of construction residue soil. This paper introduces a novel soil stabilizer based on industrial waste to improve its utilization. This stabilizer is primarily composed of blast furnace slag (BFS), steel slag (SS), phosphogypsum (PG), and other additives, which enhance soil strength through physical and chemical processes. This study investigated the mechanical properties of construction residue soil cured with this stabilizer, focusing on the effects of organic matter content (Oo), stabilizer dosage (Oc), and curing age (T) on unconfined compressive strength (UCS). Additionally, water stability and wet-dry cycle tests of the stabilized soil were conducted to assess long-term performance. According to the findings, the UCS increased with the higher stabilizer dosage and longer curing periods but reduced with the higher organic matter content. A stabilizer content of 15-20% is recommended for optimal stabilization efficacy and cost-efficiency in engineering applications. The samples lost their strength when immersed in water. However, adding more stabilizers to the soil can effectively enhance its water stability. Under wet-dry cycle conditions, the UCS initially increased and then decreased, remaining lower than that of samples cured under standard conditions. The findings can provide valuable data for the practical application in construction residual soil stabilization.

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Aniline accelerators and antioxidants (AAs) are high-production-volume industrial additives that have recently attracted emerging concern given their ubiquity in environmental compartments and the associated (eco)toxic effects. Nonetheless, available information on the multi-media behavior of AAs and their transformation products (TPs) remains scarce. Therefore, we determined the residues of twenty-four AA(TP)s in paired dissolved phases (i.e., filtered water), suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment samples collected from the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE), a highly urbanized estuary in the East China. The median total concentrations of targeted compounds were 0.73 ng/g dw, 34.4 ng/L, and 39.6 ng/L in sediments, surface and bottom water, respectively. Diphenylamine (DPA) was the most abundant congener in SPM, while 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) and dicyclohexylamine (DChA) dominated in the dissolved phases and sediments. Various anthropogenic emissions and (a)biotic degradation may collectively shape the matrix-specific accumulation patterns and spatial trends of these compounds across the YRE. However, the vertical patterns of AA(TP)s were obscure, probably due to the estuarine hydrodynamics and/or the modest sample size. The SPM fractions of AA(TP)s in water (Ф: 7.9-100%) and the sediment sorption coefficients (KOC: 0.01-6.56) both positively correlated with their hydrophobicity as indicated by the octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW). Moreover, risk quotients implied moderate to high aquatic toxicity posed by several AA(TP)s at certain YRE sites. The estimated total annual fluxes of our analytes transported via water and sediments towards the East China Sea were 5.90-365.5 tons and 4.23-1,100 kg, respectively. This work provides a systematic investigation of multi-media processes and ecological risks of AA(TP)s in a highly-urbanized estuary, contributing to holistic comprehension of these emerging contaminants in estuarine environments.

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Biomass serves as a sustainable energy source; however, the environmental risks associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from industrial biomass-fueled boilers are not well understood. This study analyzed 16 priority PAHs in both particulate and gaseous phases from 13 representative real-world industrial biomass-fueled boilers. Flue gas samples were collected from the stacks and analyzed using advanced techniques. Total PAHs concentrations ranged from 1.36 to 8870 µg m-3 (9 % O2 v/v), with benzo[a]pyrene emissions from certain boilers exceeding the allowable emissions standards for the coking chemical and petroleum refining industries in China. PAHs were predominantly found in the gaseous phase, with both gas and particle phases exhibiting similar toxicity. The average emission factor (EFmass) was 9.23 mg kg-1, while the toxicity-equivalent emission factors (EFCEQ, EFMEQ, and EFTEQ) were 1.96 × 10-2, 1.39 × 10-2 and 7.61 × 10-4 mg kg-1, respectively. It is estimated that annual PAH emissions from 2020 to 2050 will significantly decrease if biomass is used as industrial fuel in boilers (0.61 to 1.32 Gg y-1) instead of being openly burned in the field (3.39 to 7.21 Gg y-1). Overall, this study provides a comprehensive evaluation of PAH emissions from industrial biomass combustion, offering valuable data for future research and policy-making.

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Air pollutants combined with Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, etc. in many global populated areas were studied comprehensively, while our understanding towards thallium (Tl), an extremely toxic heavy metal, remains very limited. Further, the knowledge on atmospheric emissions, distribution, and the hidden risks associated with Tl is of great scarcity. Hence, this work aims to review recent data on significant sources of ambient Tl resulting from industrial activities, including Pb/Zn/Cu/Fe sulfide ore smelting, steel-making, coal burning, and cement production that involves the use of Tl-bearing wastes. Through the examination of Tl emissions and transfer pathways in the atmosphere, it is found that Tl is present at lower than ng/m3 in aerosols and air particulates but can increase to much higher levels even at 1000 µg/m3 in atmospheric fine particulate matters near the mining and smelting industrialized zones located near populated areas. This study highlights the importance of creating a comprehensive emission inventory for Tl, particularly in developing countries where this data is currently lacking. The time has come to develop a precise national emission inventory for Tl in order to prevent and mitigate the risks associated with ambient exposure to this element. This review offers novel insights for the scientific community and policy-makers in establishing effective control and management strategies to curb hidden Tl hazards derived from industrial activities.

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The rapid industrial progress in today's world has led to an alarming increase in water pollution caused by various contaminants such as synthetic dyes. To address this issue, a new hydrogel sorbent, BC-r-Na-Alg-g-p(NIPAm-co-AAc), was developed by combining bentonite clay, sodium alginate, and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) through one-pot free radical polymerization at 60 °C. The developed sorbent was characterized using several analytical techniques including SEM, FTIR, TGA, UTM, and swelling studies. The swelling capacity of the sorbent was observed to increase remarkably with an increase in pH, reaching a maximum of 9664 % at pH 11. In batch mode sorption experiments, the sorbent's performance toward methylene green (MG) was investigated by analysing the effects of contact time, pH, temperature, and concentration. The experimental data were fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models, indicating chemisorption as the dominant interaction mode between the anionic sorbent and cationic MG. However, physisorption may also occur to a lesser extent, indicated by the significant R2 of the pseudo-first-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models. Additionally, the sorbent exhibited very little decrease (approximately 5 %) in sorptive performance for six sorption-desorption cycles. Overall, the facile fabrication, excellent swelling (9664 %), promising sorption performance (2573 mg.g-1), and good recyclability (6 cycles) make the developed sorbent a potential candidate for various industrial applications.

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Scholars usually unconsciously employ the Tapio decoupling model with a static perspective and results-oriented philosophy, which often leads to errors. Therefore, we propose an improved Tapio decoupling model that adopts a dynamic perspective and process-oriented philosophy. Taking China, the world's largest carbon emitter, as a case study, we investigate the decoupling of its provincial industrial carbon emissions (ICE) from industrial value-added (IVA) during 2005-2020 using both the conventional and improved decoupling model, followed by a comparative analysis of their results. Our findings are as follows: (1) Both China's ICE and IVA exhibited a general upward trend during the study period, with non-linear annual ICE and IVA variations observed across all provinces. (2) Overall, China's provincial IVA increasingly decoupled from ICE, with some provinces achieving a strong decoupling state during 2015-2020; however, from the long-term perspective spanning the entire study period, most provinces remained in a weak decoupling state. (3) The conventional decoupling model tends to yield overly optimistic results in empirical study of China, with the decoupling indices during the periods of 2005-2010 and 2005-2020 determined by the conventional model even had significant statistical difference between those determined by the improved model. (4) To ensure equity, differentiated carbon reduction policies should be tailored to each province, considering factors such as absolute carbon emissions, short-term decoupling states, and long-term decoupling states. The improved Tapio decoupling model is proposed as a valuable framework for researchers engaged in related studies.

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This study aimed to recover high-purity silica from hematite tailings (HTs) using superconducting high-gradient magnetic separation (S-HGMS) technology. This process involved converting silica into a silicone-rich concentrate and subsequently employing a fluorine-free mixed acid to leach the silicon-rich concentrate to remove impurities and achieve refinement and purification. The optimization of the S-HGMS process was conducted using the "Box-Behnken Design" method, resulting in the following optimal conditions: a pulp concentration of 50 g/L, a magnetic velocity ratio of 0.076 T s/m, and a pulp velocity of 500 mL/min. These conditions yielded a silica grade range of 61.905% in the HTs to 91.818% in the silicon-rich concentrate, with corresponding recovery rates of 53.031%. Under the optimized leaching process, this resulted in an increase in the silica content from 91.818% in the silicon-rich concentrate to 99.938% in high-purity silica. Additionally, by analyzing the production process of 1 kg of high-purity silica from HTs using the process LCA method, environmental hotspots were identified, and corresponding solutions were proposed. This approach is vital for efficient utilization of HTs as a resource. This process has low energy consumption and is environmentally friendly, enabling the reduction of hematite tailings. It has a wide range of applications and offers substantial economic benefits, rendering it a promising candidate for industrial applications.