RESUMEN

Sebaceous tumors are common in dogs and include benign and malignant lesions. The increase in immunohistochemical evaluation of sebaceous tumors aggregates information regarding the origin and degree of malignancy of the lesions. The objective of this study was to evaluate PCNA immunohistochemical expression of  sebaceous tumors in dogs. Sixty-one samples include normal skin and sebaceous tumors were selected from dogs of various breeds and ages, no gender predilection, sent to the Veterinary Pathology Service of Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói/RJ, Brazil. Samples passed through histological processing, routine staining and immunostaining from PCNA. Descriptive statistical analysis, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Fishers exact test were performed. The mean age of the affected animals was 10.56 years. There was no sexual predilection. Breeds more frequently affected were: Poodles, mixed-breed dogs and Cocker Spaniels. Most of the tumors were neoplasms (67.27%), and 75.67% of those were benign. Sebaceous adenoma was the most frequent neoplasm (56.75%). PCNA immunoexpression was present in hyperplasia, benign and malignant tumors. No previous studies were found using PCNA antibody in sebaceous tumors of dogs. Thus, more studies are needed to provide greater clarity regarding the role of these markers on normal skin and sebaceous tumors of dogs, as well as their use as prognos

Tumores sebáceos são comuns em cães. Tais tumores incluem lesões benignas e malignas. A avaliação imunohistoquímica desses tumores pode agregar informações sobre a origem e o grau de malignidade das lesões. Para este fim, sessenta e uma amostras, incluindo pele normal e tumores sebáceos foram selecionadas de cães de várias raças e idades, sem predileção por sexo, do arquivo do Serviço de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói/RJ, Brasil. As amostras passaram por processamento histológico, coloração de rotina e imuno-histoquímica com anti-PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas além dos testes de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney para comparar a distribuição da marcação de anti-PCNA entre grupos de variáveis. Para variáveis com mais de dois grupos, aplicou-se a Análise de Variância (ANOVA). A idade média dos animais afetados foi de 10.56 anos. As raças mais afetadas foram Caniches e Cocker Spaniel, e ainda animais sem raça definida. Houve imunomarcação de PCNA em tumores benignos, malignos, e ainda em lesões hiperplásicas com intensidade variada. A maioria dos tumores eram neoplásicos representando 67.92% do total; destes, 75.00% eram benignos. O adenoma sebáceo foi a neoplasia mais frequente (37.74%). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas distribuições de anti-PCNA entre os grupos das variáveis sexo, idade, status reprodutivo, localização e tamanho do tumor e diagnóstico histopatológico. Embora não haja estudos com anti-PCNA em tumores sebáceos caninos, numerosas publicações apontam seu valor preditivo em outras neoplasias. Com isso, a finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar a expressão de anti-PCNA em tumores sebáceos caninos e sua possível associação com a malignidade das lesões.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Sebaceous tumors are common in dogs. These tumors include both benign and malignant lesions. Immunohistochemical evaluation of these tumors can aggregate information regarding the origin and degree of malignancy of the lesions. Focusing on this matter, sixty-one samples including normal skin and sebaceous tumors were selected from dogs of various breeds and ages, with no predilection for sex, from the archive of Veterinary Pathology Service of Federal Fluminense University, Niterói/RJ, Brazil. The samples underwent to histological processing, routine staining and immunohistochemistry with anti-PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the distribution of anti-PCNA labelling in different groups of variables. In case there were more than two groups, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was performed. The mean age of the affected animals was 10.56 years. The most affected breeds were Caniches and Cocker Spaniels, as well as mixed breed animals. There was immunostaining of PCNA in both benign and malignant tumors, as well as in hyperplasic lesions with varying intensity. Most of the tumors were neoplasms which represented 67.27% of the total sample; within these, 75.00% were benign. The most frequent neoplasm was sebaceous adenoma (37.74%). Results indicated no statistical difference in the distribution of anti-PCNA labelling between the groups of sex, age, reproductive status, localization, size of tumor, and histopathological diagnosis. Although there are not many studies analyzing anti-PCNA labelling in sebaceous tumors, several of them pointed out to the predictive value in other neoplasms. With this matter in mind, we intended to evaluate the expression of anti-PCNA in canine sebaceous tumor and a possible association with the malignancy of the lesions.

Tumores sebáceos são comuns em cães. Tais tumores incluem lesões benignas e malignas. A avaliação imunohistoquímica desses tumores pode agregar informações sobre a origem e o grau de malignidade das lesões. Para este fim, sessenta e uma amostras, incluindo pele normal e tumores sebáceos foram selecionadas de cães de várias raças e idades, sem predileção por sexo, do arquivo do Serviço de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói/RJ, Brasil. As amostras passaram por processamento histológico, coloração de rotina e imuno-histoquímica com anti-PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas além dos testes de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney para comparar a distribuição da marcação de anti-PCNA entre grupos de variáveis. Para variáveis com mais de dois grupos, aplicou-se a Análise de Variância (ANOVA). A idade média dos animais afetados foi de 10.56 anos. As raças mais afetadas foram Caniches e Cocker Spaniel, e ainda animais sem raça definida. Houve imunomarcação de PCNA em tumores benignos, malignos, e ainda em lesões hiperplásicas com intensidade variada. A maioria dos tumores eram neoplásicos representando 67.92% do total; destes, 75.00% eram benignos. O adenoma sebáceo foi a neoplasia mais frequente (37.74%). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas distribuições de anti-PCNA entre os grupos das variáveis sexo, idade, status reprodutivo, localização e tamanho do tumor e diagnóstico histopatológico. Embora não haja estudos com anti-PCNA em tumores sebáceos caninos, numerosas publicações apontam seu valor preditivo em outras neoplasias. Com isso, a finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar a expressão de anti-PCNA em tumores sebáceos caninos e sua possível associação com a malignidade das lesões.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Background: The cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is considered to be a frequent neoplasm in dogs, however,its origin in ocular annexes, especially in relation to the conjuctival location, is a rare finding in dogs. Therefore, it wasaimed to report the occurrence of a multicentric SCC, with the involvement of ocular annexes in a dog, emphasizing itsclinical characteristics and histopathological findings.Case: A 6-year-old non-castrated white-coated Pitbull dog was attended, with a history of increased volume and bloodysecretion in the left eye, with an evolution of approximately six months. By means of general physical examination, ulcerated lesions in the foreskin and scrotum were found. During the ophthalmologic examination was identified an extensiveand irregular exophytic mass, of a reddish color and with a cauliflower-like appearance, located in the inferior bulbarconjunctiva and third eyelid of the left eye, accompanied by a large quantity of piosanguinolenta secretion, mainly duringmanipulation. Other alterations were observed, such as, meibomitis, conjuctival hyperemia, hypopyon, corneal edema andloss of sight. In the right eye, the only alteration found was conjunctival hyperemia. The hemograma revealed discreetanemia; the serum biochemical profile was inside the normal range and there was no evidence of metastasis in the imaging examinations. The animal was submitted to the incisional biopsy of the lesions for histopathological analysis, whichrevealed a proliferation of neoplastic epithelial cells, highly pleomorphic, composed of eosinophilic cytoplasm, whichvaried from scarce to moderate, of indistinct borders, with a large nucleus and loose chromatin and large and evidentnucleolus, compatible with SCC, enabling, also, the classification as multicentric...(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Background: The cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is considered to be a frequent neoplasm in dogs, however,its origin in ocular annexes, especially in relation to the conjuctival location, is a rare finding in dogs. Therefore, it wasaimed to report the occurrence of a multicentric SCC, with the involvement of ocular annexes in a dog, emphasizing itsclinical characteristics and histopathological findings.Case: A 6-year-old non-castrated white-coated Pitbull dog was attended, with a history of increased volume and bloodysecretion in the left eye, with an evolution of approximately six months. By means of general physical examination, ulcerated lesions in the foreskin and scrotum were found. During the ophthalmologic examination was identified an extensiveand irregular exophytic mass, of a reddish color and with a cauliflower-like appearance, located in the inferior bulbarconjunctiva and third eyelid of the left eye, accompanied by a large quantity of piosanguinolenta secretion, mainly duringmanipulation. Other alterations were observed, such as, meibomitis, conjuctival hyperemia, hypopyon, corneal edema andloss of sight. In the right eye, the only alteration found was conjunctival hyperemia. The hemograma revealed discreetanemia; the serum biochemical profile was inside the normal range and there was no evidence of metastasis in the imaging examinations. The animal was submitted to the incisional biopsy of the lesions for histopathological analysis, whichrevealed a proliferation of neoplastic epithelial cells, highly pleomorphic, composed of eosinophilic cytoplasm, whichvaried from scarce to moderate, of indistinct borders, with a large nucleus and loose chromatin and large and evidentnucleolus, compatible with SCC, enabling, also, the classification as multicentric...

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Sebaceous tumors are common in dogs and include benign and malignant lesions. The increase in immunohistochemical evaluation of sebaceous tumors aggregates information regarding the origin and degree of malignancy of the lesions. The objective of this study was to evaluate PCNA immunohistochemical expression of  sebaceous tumors in dogs. Sixty-one samples include normal skin and sebaceous tumors were selected from dogs of various breeds and ages, no gender predilection, sent to the Veterinary Pathology Service of Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói/RJ, Brazil. Samples passed through histological processing, routine staining and immunostaining from PCNA. Descriptive statistical analysis, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Fishers exact test were performed. The mean age of the affected animals was 10.56 years. There was no sexual predilection. Breeds more frequently affected were: Poodles, mixed-breed dogs and Cocker Spaniels. Most of the tumors were neoplasms (67.27%), and 75.67% of those were benign. Sebaceous adenoma was the most frequent neoplasm (56.75%). PCNA immunoexpression was present in hyperplasia, benign and malignant tumors. No previous studies were found using PCNA antibody in sebaceous tumors of dogs. Thus, more studies are needed to provide greater clarity regarding the role of these markers on normal skin and sebaceous tumors of dogs, as well as their use as prognos(AU)

Tumores sebáceos são comuns em cães. Tais tumores incluem lesões benignas e malignas. A avaliação imunohistoquímica desses tumores pode agregar informações sobre a origem e o grau de malignidade das lesões. Para este fim, sessenta e uma amostras, incluindo pele normal e tumores sebáceos foram selecionadas de cães de várias raças e idades, sem predileção por sexo, do arquivo do Serviço de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói/RJ, Brasil. As amostras passaram por processamento histológico, coloração de rotina e imuno-histoquímica com anti-PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas além dos testes de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney para comparar a distribuição da marcação de anti-PCNA entre grupos de variáveis. Para variáveis com mais de dois grupos, aplicou-se a Análise de Variância (ANOVA). A idade média dos animais afetados foi de 10.56 anos. As raças mais afetadas foram Caniches e Cocker Spaniel, e ainda animais sem raça definida. Houve imunomarcação de PCNA em tumores benignos, malignos, e ainda em lesões hiperplásicas com intensidade variada. A maioria dos tumores eram neoplásicos representando 67.92% do total; destes, 75.00% eram benignos. O adenoma sebáceo foi a neoplasia mais frequente (37.74%). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas distribuições de anti-PCNA entre os grupos das variáveis sexo, idade, status reprodutivo, localização e tamanho do tumor e diagnóstico histopatológico. Embora não haja estudos com anti-PCNA em tumores sebáceos caninos, numerosas publicações apontam seu valor preditivo em outras neoplasias. Com isso, a finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar a expressão de anti-PCNA em tumores sebáceos caninos e sua possível associação com a malignidade das lesões.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Background: Primary lung tumors in cats are mainly classified into adenocarcinoma arising from peripheral pulmonaryepithelium and, in a smaller number of cases, into adenosquamous or squamous carcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma,and carcinoid tumor. There are few reports in the international literature describing lung cancer metastasis to visceral organs in cats, especially with regard to squamous tumors. This report describes the clinical pathological, histological, andimmunohistochemical findings of lung squamous cell carcinoma with metastasis to small intestine in a cat.Case: A female, Siamese, unneutered, adult cat presented with an unhealed ulcerative crusted lesion on the left ear, previously diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Six months later, the cat returned presenting with increased volumein the left pelvic limb and claudication due to severe osteolysis in metatarsal and tarsal bones, as shown in radiographicexaminations. The limb was amputated forty day later, but it did not undergo histological examination. The cat died fourteendays after amputation and underwent necropsy. Macroscopically, significant changes were observed in the small intestine,including serous segmental necrotizing and hemorrhagic lesion with luminal stenosis and corrugation of mucous surface,which was covered with a fibrinopurulent pseudomembrane. Palpation of lung parenchyma showed small firm nodules.There was an ulcerative crusted lesion on the left ear. Histopatological examination revealed infiltration of pleomorphicneoplastic epithelial cells disrupting the architecture of small intestine and lung, with pronounced anisocyitosis and anisokaryosis. The neoplastic cells had indistinct borders; their cytoplasm was eosinophilic and pleomorphic and varied frommoderate to abundant in amount; and their nuclei...(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Due to increased use of agrochemicals and growing concerns about ecotoxicology, the development of new insecticides, moving away from those with neurotoxic and broad spectrum effects towards insecticides that are safer for the environment and nontarget beneficial species, has been a research priority. Novaluron stands out among these newer insecticides, is an insect growth regulator that is used for the control of insect pests in crops grown close to mulberry plantations. Mulberry serves as food for the silkworm Bombyx mori, which is a nontarget insect of great economic importance to silk production. We investigated the lethal and sublethal effects of Novaluron on the development of B. mori. Larvae were segregated into experimental groups: the control groups (CGs) and the treatment groups (TGs), which were treated with the Novaluron concentration of 0.15 mL/L. Following exposure, we analyzed: larval mortality, changes in the insect life cicle and cytotoxic effects on the midgut cells. This is the first report about the Novaluron's effects on B.mori. We detected rupture in the integument, complete cessation of feeding, late development, incomplete ecdysis and production of defective cocoons. After 240 h of exposure, there was 100% mortality in TG larvae exposed in the 3rd instar and 20% mortality from larvae exposed in the 5th instar. Cytotoxic effects was observed, such as dilation of cells, emission of cytoplasmic protrusions, extreme rarefaction of the cytoplasm and nuclei, dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum in addition to changes in mitochondria, the presence of large digestive vacuoles and intercellular spaces and the presence of active caspase. Novaluron exposure impairs the midgut and may affect the physiological functions of this organ. Novaluron additionally compromises several phases of insect development, indicating the importance of toxicology studies that utilize different life stages of nontarget species to evaluate the safe use of insecticides.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Background: Primary lung tumors in cats are mainly classified into adenocarcinoma arising from peripheral pulmonaryepithelium and, in a smaller number of cases, into adenosquamous or squamous carcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma,and carcinoid tumor. There are few reports in the international literature describing lung cancer metastasis to visceral organs in cats, especially with regard to squamous tumors. This report describes the clinical pathological, histological, andimmunohistochemical findings of lung squamous cell carcinoma with metastasis to small intestine in a cat.Case: A female, Siamese, unneutered, adult cat presented with an unhealed ulcerative crusted lesion on the left ear, previously diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Six months later, the cat returned presenting with increased volumein the left pelvic limb and claudication due to severe osteolysis in metatarsal and tarsal bones, as shown in radiographicexaminations. The limb was amputated forty day later, but it did not undergo histological examination. The cat died fourteendays after amputation and underwent necropsy. Macroscopically, significant changes were observed in the small intestine,including serous segmental necrotizing and hemorrhagic lesion with luminal stenosis and corrugation of mucous surface,which was covered with a fibrinopurulent pseudomembrane. Palpation of lung parenchyma showed small firm nodules.There was an ulcerative crusted lesion on the left ear. Histopatological examination revealed infiltration of pleomorphicneoplastic epithelial cells disrupting the architecture of small intestine and lung, with pronounced anisocyitosis and anisokaryosis. The neoplastic cells had indistinct borders; their cytoplasm was eosinophilic and pleomorphic and varied frommoderate to abundant in amount; and their nuclei...

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to assess and correlate microvascular density (MVD) and the quantity of Langerhans cells (LC) present in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), well as the correlation between this microvascular density and number of Langerhans cells (LCs) with the intensity of the infiltrate, the histologic grading and staging, according to the TNM system. Twenty-three paraffin-embedded blocks of SCC lesions were analyzed using the immunohistochemical technique in which the two anti-CD1a and anti-CD207 markers were used to quantify the Langerhans cells and the CD34 marker to assess MVD. Immunostaining for CD1a, CD207 and CD34 was observed in 100% of the cases analyzed, showing a statistically significant association (p = 0.0001, Fisher’s test). No statistical correlation between MVD and LC or between immunostainings and histological grading of malignancy were found. However, immunostaining for CD1a and CD207 showed a statistically significant correlation (p value = 0.001, Spearman test) and a positive correlation was found between MVD and lymph node involvement. The LCs and MVD seem to involved in immunopathogenesis of oral carcinoma, although no statistically significant correlation was found between these two findings

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e correlacionar a densidade microvascular (MVD) e a quantidade de células de Langerhans (LC) presente no carcinoma epidermoide de boca (CEB), bem como a correlação entre esta densidade microvascular e número das células de Langerhans (CL), com a intensidade do infiltrado, a classificação histológica e de teste, de acordo com o sistema TNM. Vinte e três blocos de parafina-encaixados de lesães SCC foram analisados utilizando a técnica de imuno-histoquímica em que os dois marcadores anti-CD1a e anti-CD207 foram usados para quantificar as células de Langerhans e o marcador CD34 para avaliar MVD. A imunocoloração para CD1a, CD207 e CD34 foi observada em 100% dos casos analisados, demonstrando uma associação estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,0001, teste de Fisher). Não houve correlação estatística entre MVD e LC ou entre imunomarcações e gradação histológica de malignidade foram encontrados. No entanto, a imunocoloração para CD1a e CD207 mostraram uma correlação estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,001, teste de Spearman) e foi encontrada uma correlação positiva entre MVD e comprometimento de linfonodos. O LCs e MVD parecem envolvidos em imunopatogênese de carcinoma oral, embora não foi encontrada correlação estatisticamente significativa entre estes dois resultados.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Dois experimentos foram desenvolvidos para avaliar a eficiência de ácidos orgânicos frente a Salmonella enterica enterica sorovar Enteritidis (SE) e Minnesota (SM) em frangos. No primeiro experimento foram avaliados 3 tratamentos: T1 - ração adicionada de ácido orgânico, T2 - ração adicionada de ácido orgânico e ácido orgânico na água de bebida, T3 - grupo controle. Todos os animais foram inoculados com SE, via oral. A utilização de ácidos orgânicos na ração (T1) e na ração e na água (T2) diminuíram a excreção de Salmonella no papo e no ceco 7 dias pós inoculação com SE e houve redução de células CD3+ no jejuno dos frangos. No segundo experimento foram avaliados 4 tratamentos sendo T1 - controle, T2 - controle inoculado via oral com Salmonella Minnesota (SM), T3 - animais inoculados via oral com SM e ácidos orgânicos na ração e T4 - animais inoculados via oral com SM e ácidos orgânicos na ração e na água de bebida. Ácidos orgânicos a ração (T3) e na ração e na água (T4) reduziram a excreção de SM em papo de frangos de corte desafiados, 7 dias após inoculação. O uso de ácidos orgânicos na ração e na ração e na água foram mais eficientes em reduzir SE do que SM.

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate effectiveness of organic acids against Salmonella enterica enterica serovars Enteritidis (SE) and Minnesota (SM) in broilers. In the first experiment three treatments were evaluated: T1 - feeding with organic acids, T2 - feeding with organic acids and organic acids in drink water, and T3 - control group. All animals were oral challenged with SE. Organic acids in diet (T1) and organic acids in diet and drink water (T2) reduced the shadding of Salmonella in crop and cecum 7 days post challenged with SE and reduced the CD3+ cells in jejunal mucosa of broilers. In the second experiment four treatments were evaluated, T1 - control group, T2 - control group oral challenged with Salmonella Minnesota (SM); T3 - oral challenged animals with SM and treated with organic acids in diet; T4 - oral challenged animals with SM and treated with organic acids in diet and in drink water. Organic acids in diet (T3) and organic acids in diet and in drink water (T4) reduced the shadding of SM in crop of challenged broilers, 7 days post inoculation The use of organic acids in diet and in water was more effective to control SE than SM.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Dois experimentos foram desenvolvidos para avaliar a eficiência de ácidos orgânicos frente a Salmonella enterica enterica sorovar Enteritidis (SE) e Minnesota (SM) em frangos. No primeiro experimento foram avaliados 3 tratamentos: T1 - ração adicionada de ácido orgânico, T2 - ração adicionada de ácido orgânico e ácido orgânico na água de bebida, T3 - grupo controle. Todos os animais foram inoculados com SE, via oral. A utilização de ácidos orgânicos na ração (T1) e na ração e na água (T2) diminuíram a excreção de Salmonella no papo e no ceco 7 dias pós inoculação com SE e houve redução de células CD3+ no jejuno dos frangos. No segundo experimento foram avaliados 4 tratamentos sendo T1 - controle, T2 - controle inoculado via oral com Salmonella Minnesota (SM), T3 - animais inoculados via oral com SM e ácidos orgânicos na ração e T4 - animais inoculados via oral com SM e ácidos orgânicos na ração e na água de bebida. Ácidos orgânicos a ração (T3) e na ração e na água (T4) reduziram a excreção de SM em papo de frangos de corte desafiados, 7 dias após inoculação. O uso de ácidos orgânicos na ração e na ração e na água foram mais eficientes em reduzir SE do que SM.(AU)

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate effectiveness of organic acids against Salmonella enterica enterica serovars Enteritidis (SE) and Minnesota (SM) in broilers. In the first experiment three treatments were evaluated: T1 - feeding with organic acids, T2 - feeding with organic acids and organic acids in drink water, and T3 - control group. All animals were oral challenged with SE. Organic acids in diet (T1) and organic acids in diet and drink water (T2) reduced the shadding of Salmonella in crop and cecum 7 days post challenged with SE and reduced the CD3+ cells in jejunal mucosa of broilers. In the second experiment four treatments were evaluated, T1 - control group, T2 - control group oral challenged with Salmonella Minnesota (SM); T3 - oral challenged animals with SM and treated with organic acids in diet; T4 - oral challenged animals with SM and treated with organic acids in diet and in drink water. Organic acids in diet (T3) and organic acids in diet and in drink water (T4) reduced the shadding of SM in crop of challenged broilers, 7 days post inoculation The use of organic acids in diet and in water was more effective to control SE than SM.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Background: Stromal Grastrointestinal Tumors (GIST) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that affect the wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Histologically this tumor shows a spindle, epithelioid or mixed aspect and routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining does not allow adequate differentiation from other mesenquimal neoplasms. Histochemical and imunohistochemical techniques are useful tools in this differentiation. The aim of this study was to report a case of canine GIST, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to differentiate it from other histomorfologically similar mesenchymal neoplasms. Case: A ten-year-old male Pinscher dog was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor in the pyloric region of stomach. The dog was euthanized 90 days after surgery. Tumor specimens were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffin. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE and Gomori's Tricrome (GT). For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identified using Advance HRP. Cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, c-KIT, vimentin, Ki-67, S-100 and Smooth Muscle Alfa Actin (SMA) expression were evaluated. For vimentin, CKAE1AE3, SMA, S100 and c-KIT antibodies, a semiquantitative method was used and neoplasms were classified as negative (-), positive with focal or multifocal staining (+) and positive with diffuse staining (++). The proliferative index was calculated by counting nuclei positive for Ki-67 (anti-MIB-1) in a total of 1000 neoplastic cells. Macroscopically, the stomach fragment revealed an intramural nodule covered by mucosa and with a slightly lobulated surface. Microscopically, the neoplastic mass was located in the submucous layer of stomach and composed by a spindle cell proliferation forming intersecting fascicles. Neoplastic cells revealed vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm and multiple conspicuous nucleoli. Absence of chromatic affinity for GT was observed in this tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed intense and diffuse cytoplasmic staining for vimentin (++), moderate and diffuse staining for c-KIT (++), moderate and multifocal staining for S-100 (+) and negative staining (-) for SMA and CK AE1/AE3. The proliferation index was 6.8%. Discussion: GISTs are mesenquimal neoplasms that affect the GIT. The spindle aspect of this tumor is similar to other mesenquimal tumors of the GIT. A mesenquimal appearance associated with epithelioid areas was observed in this case report. Mesenquimal histogenesis was confirmed by positivity for vimentin and negativity for cytokeratin. GT evaluation revealed absence of muscular and collagenous components within the neoplasm, discarding the diagnosis of leiomiosarcoma or fibrosarcoma. The absence of smooth muscle tumor cells was confirmed by immunohistochemical negativity for SMA. In addition, multifocal and diffuse cytoplasmic imunostaining was observed for S-100 and c-KIT, respectively. According the literature, human and canine GISTs are positive for c-KIT and negative for S-100. The S-100 expression described in this study, has been reported in humans GISTs and is probably associated with neural differentiation. Therefore, histomorfological and immunohistochemical findings allowed a definitive diagnosis of canine GIST, differentiating the tumour from other mesenchymal neoplasms of the GIT.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Background: Stromal Grastrointestinal Tumors (GIST) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that affect the wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Histologically this tumor shows a spindle, epithelioid or mixed aspect and routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining does not allow adequate differentiation from other mesenquimal neoplasms. Histochemical and imunohistochemical techniques are useful tools in this differentiation. The aim of this study was to report a case of canine GIST, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to differentiate it from other histomorfologically similar mesenchymal neoplasms.Case: A ten-year-old male Pinscher dog was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor in the pyloric region of stomach. The dog was euthanized 90 days after surgery. Tumor specimens were collected, fi xed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffi n. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE and Gomoris Tricrome (GT). For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identifi ed using Advance HRP. Cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, c-KIT, vimentin, Ki-67, S-100 and Smooth Muscle Alfa Actin (SMA) expression were evaluated. For vimentin, CKAE1AE3, SMA, S100 and c-KIT antibodies, a semiquantitative method was used and neoplasms were classifi ed as negative (-), pos

Background: Stromal Grastrointestinal Tumors (GIST) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that affect the wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Histologically this tumor shows a spindle, epithelioid or mixed aspect and routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining does not allow adequate differentiation from other mesenquimal neoplasms. Histochemical and imunohistochemical techniques are useful tools in this differentiation. The aim of this study was to report a case of canine GIST, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to differentiate it from other histomorfologically similar mesenchymal neoplasms.Case: A ten-year-old male Pinscher dog was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor in the pyloric region of stomach. The dog was euthanized 90 days after surgery. Tumor specimens were collected, fi xed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffi n. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE and Gomoris Tricrome (GT). For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identifi ed using Advance HRP. Cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, c-KIT, vimentin, Ki-67, S-100 and Smooth Muscle Alfa Actin (SMA) expression were evaluated. For vimentin, CKAE1AE3, SMA, S100 and c-KIT antibodies, a semiquantitative method was used and neoplasms were classifi ed as negative (-), pos

RESUMEN

Background: Stromal Grastrointestinal Tumors (GIST) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that affect the wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Histologically this tumor shows a spindle, epithelioid or mixed aspect and routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining does not allow adequate differentiation from other mesenquimal neoplasms. Histochemical and imunohistochemical techniques are useful tools in this differentiation. The aim of this study was to report a case of canine GIST, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to differentiate it from other histomorfologically similar mesenchymal neoplasms.Case: A ten-year-old male Pinscher dog was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor in the pyloric region of stomach. The dog was euthanized 90 days after surgery. Tumor specimens were collected, fi xed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffi n. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE and Gomoris Tricrome (GT). For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identifi ed using Advance HRP. Cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, c-KIT, vimentin, Ki-67, S-100 and Smooth Muscle Alfa Actin (SMA) expression were evaluated. For vimentin, CKAE1AE3, SMA, S100 and c-KIT antibodies, a semiquantitative method was used and neoplasms were classifi ed as negative (-), pos

Background: Stromal Grastrointestinal Tumors (GIST) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that affect the wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Histologically this tumor shows a spindle, epithelioid or mixed aspect and routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining does not allow adequate differentiation from other mesenquimal neoplasms. Histochemical and imunohistochemical techniques are useful tools in this differentiation. The aim of this study was to report a case of canine GIST, emphasizing the use of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to differentiate it from other histomorfologically similar mesenchymal neoplasms.Case: A ten-year-old male Pinscher dog was submitted to surgical excision of a tumor in the pyloric region of stomach. The dog was euthanized 90 days after surgery. Tumor specimens were collected, fi xed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffi n. Afterwards, 4 µm histological sections were obtained and stained with HE and Gomoris Tricrome (GT). For immunohistochemical analysis a biotin-peroxidase system was used and secondary antibodies were identifi ed using Advance HRP. Cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, c-KIT, vimentin, Ki-67, S-100 and Smooth Muscle Alfa Actin (SMA) expression were evaluated. For vimentin, CKAE1AE3, SMA, S100 and c-KIT antibodies, a semiquantitative method was used and neoplasms were classifi ed as negative (-), pos

RESUMEN

Objetivo: revisar las bases histológicas y los criterios diagnósticos diferenciales de la aplicación de la inmunohistoquímica en la patología mamaria. Caso clínico : se presenta el caso de una paciente con lesión mamaria esclerosante compleja, tipo adenosis microglandular (MGA), que requirió el uso de inmunohistoquímica como técnica auxiliar para diferenciar la lesión de un adenocarcinoma de mama in situ, y definir así el tratamiento. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de la información en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, SciELO y en libros de la especialidad. Se reportaron 25 títulos, 12 correspondían con el tema: 4 reportes de caso, 1 con revisión de la literatura, una carta al editor y 7 artículos relacionados de forma más general con el tema. Conclusión: la inmunohistoquímica permite hacer el diagnóstico diferencial de las lesiones mamarias complejas, como la adenosis esclerosante y el cáncer de mama in situ o microinvasor.

Objective: reviewing the histological basis and differential diagnostic criteria for applying immunohistochemistry in breast pathology. Clinical case: the case of a patient suffering from complex sclerosing lesion (CSL) of the breast, microglandular adenosis (MGA) pattern is presented; she required immunohistochemistry as an auxiliary technique for differentiating an adenocarcinoma-related breast lesion in situ and thus defining its treatment. Materials and methods: a search was made of the pertinent information in Medline databases via PubMed, SciELO and in books on the specialty; 25 titles were reported, 12 of them corresponding to the immediate topic: 4 were case reports with a literature review and one was a letter to the editor. 7 articles dealt with the topic in a more general way. Conclusion: immunohistochemistry led to the differential diagnosis of complex breast lesions such as sclerosing adenosis, and in situ or microinvase breast cancer.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Objetivos: Descrever e validar uma técnica alternativa econômica e eficiente para a confecção de amostras teciduais com arranjo matricial (tissue microarrays, TMA). Materiais e métodos: Utilizou-se um motor, um micromotor, um contra-ângulo redutor 16:1 e brocas trefina de aço inoxidável para osso. Análise histomorfométrica do volume das células acinares de glândulas parótidas foi realizada. Para testar marcadores imunoistoquímicos para células mioepiteliais, acinares e ductais das parótidas foram utilizados calponina e PCNA. Resultados: Na análise macroscópica e microscópica das lâminas, não foi encontrada perda total do tissue e nem mesmo deslocamento (parcial e/ou total) deste, sendo as perdas teciduais observadas apenas parciais. Das 90 lâminas analisadas, 59 (65%) obtiveram de 50% a 100% do tissue com ausência de artefato, deslocamento ou perda de tecido. Conclusão: O equipamento proposto pelos autores para a confecção deamostras teciduais com arranjo matricial representa uma alternativa econômica e eficiente.

Objectives: To describe and validate an inexpensive and efficient alternative for the production of tissue microarrays (TMA). Materials and methods: An electric-motor, a hand-piece, a reducing contra-angle hand-piece 16:1 and trephine stainless steel drills for bones were used in this study. A histomorphometric assessment of the volume of the acinar cells of parotid glands was performed. Calponin and PCNA were used to test the immunohistochemical markers for myoepithelial, acinar and ductal cells of parotid glands. Results: During the macroscopic and microscopic analysis, total loss of sections was not observed in any slide as well as artifactual ungluing (total and/or partial) of the sections. The loss of sections was partial. Fifty nine (65%) out of 90 slides showed 50%-100% of the tissue without technical artifact, artifactual ungluing or loss of the section. Conclusion: The equipment proposed by the authors for the production of arrays represents an inexpensive and efficient alternative.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Lesões na inervação do trato urinário inferior ocasionado por traumatismo raquimedular afetam geralmente o músculo detrusor e o esfíncteres uretrais. Estas alterações acarretam problemas basicamente de incontinência urinária e aumento da pressão intravesical, decorrente deste traumatismo, trazendo consequências para o funcionamento do sistema urinário superior. Quantificar os elementos fibrosos da matriz extracelular e fibras musculares das bexigas neurogênicas hiper-reflexas comparando-as com bexigas normais. Foram utilizadas 6 amostras de bexigas neurogênicas de indivíduos que foram submetidos a cirurgia de reparação por cistoenteroplastia realizados pelo serviço de urologia do Hospital Municipal Souza Aguiar, estas amostras foram fixadas imediatamente em solução tamponada de formalina a 10%. O controle com amostras iguais as do estudo extraída de cadáveres cuja causa morte não relacionava-se ao sistema urogenital macroscópicamente. O material foi submetido as seguintes técnicas histoquímicas: H&E, van Gieson e Resorcina Fucsina resorcina de Weigert com prévia oxidação pela oxona. Imunohistoquímica: anti-elastina. A observação dos cortes corados pelo van Gieson demonstrou uma diminuição significativa do músculo liso de 13% e aumento do colágeno em 72% e as fibras do sistema elástico um aumento de 101%. Conclusão. Nas bexigas neurogênicas hiper-reflexas o músculo detrusor e os elementos fibrosos da matriz foram profundamente modificados. As fibras do sistema elástico foram as mais afetadas.

Lesions on lower urinary tract innervations caused by spinal cord injuries usually affect the detrusor muscle and urethral sphincter. Beside the smooth muscle fibers the collagen fibers and elastic system fibers, fibrous components of the extracellular matrix of the bladder wall, are strongly related to vesicle bladder compliance. For this reason the aim of this work is to quantify the fibrous elements of the extracellular matrix and muscle fibers of the neurogenic bladder hyperreflexia. Samples of neurogenic bladder were obtained from six men who had previously undergone surgical repair. The control group samples (n=6) were similarly obtained from patients whose deaths were not related to the urogenital system. The samples were stained using the following histochemical techniques: H&E, Van Gieson, Weigert and Sirius Red. Sections stained with Sirius Red were observed under polarization light microscopy to characterize possible different kinds of collagen. Immunohistochemical technique was used to characterize and quantify the elastic system fibers. Quantification analysis was performed by stereological methods. An increase of 72% of the collagen was observed. Nevertheless, the most significant difference observed was the raising of 101% of the elastic system fibers. Contrary the smooth muscle fibers showed a decrease of 13%. In the neurogenic bladder with detrusor hyperreflexia the fibrous elements of the extracellular matrix and smooth muscle fibers were greatly modified. The elastic system fibers seem to be the most affected in this disease.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Sabendo-se da influência das mutações no gene TP53 no desenvolvimento das neoplasias e da discrepância entre os resultados obtidos pelas técnicas de sequenciamento e imunoistoquímica, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo relacionar a sequência do TP53 com a imunorreatividade da p53. Foram obtidas amostras de linfoma de 12 cães. O diagnóstico histopatológico foi determinado pela classificação de Kiel. O imunofenótipo e a imunomarcação da p53 foram determinados por imunoistoquímica. Para reação com a p53, utilizou-se anticorpo policlonal anti-p53 (CM1) na diluição de 1:500. A região do gene TP53 compreendida entre os exons quatro e nove foi amplificada por PCR e submetida ao sequenciamento. Apesar dos resultados obtidos pela imunoistoquímica, nenhuma mutação foi encontrada nas sequências analisadas. Conclui-se que a imunorreatividade da p53 pela imunoistoquímica não pode ser atribuída à presença de mutações no domínio central do gene TP53.

TP53 mutations are usually involved in cancer, but sequencing and immunohistochemistry results are often controversial. Thus, the aim of this study was to associate TP53 sequence with p53 immunostaining in dogs with lymphoma. Tumor samples were collected from 12 dogs with lymphoma and were included in this study. Histopathological diagnosis was performed according to Kiel classification. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify immunophenotype as well as p53 expression. Polyclonal antibody anti-p53 (CM1) was used at a 1:500 dilution. The region that encompasses exons 4-9 was amplified by f PCR reactions and sequencing was then performed. Nevertheless, gene mutations were not observed in any sequence. In conclusion, immunoreactivity of p53 by means of immunohistochemistry should not be indicator of presence of mutations in the core domain of TP53 gene.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The importance of type V collagen and its relationships with other types of collagen and with vascular and epithelial apoptosis were studied in a model of chemical carcinogenesis in the mouse lung. METHODS: TWO GROUPS OF MALE BALB/C MICE WERE STUDIED: a) animals that received two intraperitoneal doses of 3 g/kg urethane carcinogen (urethane group = 24); and b) animals submitted to a sham procedure, comparable to the test group (control group = 7). Both groups were sacrificed after 120 days. In situ detection of apoptosis, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and histomorphometry were used to evaluate the fraction occupied by the tumor, vascular and epithelial apoptosis, and type V, III and I collagen fibers in the lung parenchyma from both groups. RESULTS: The lung parenchyma from the urethane group showed low fractions of vascular and epithelial apoptosis as well as reduced type V collagen fibers when compared to the control group. A significant direct association was found between type V and III collagen fibers and epithelial apoptosis, type V collagen fibers and vascular apoptosis, and type V and type I collagen fibers. CONCLUSION: The results show that a direct link between low amounts of type V collagen and decreased cell apoptosis may favor cancer cell growth in the mouse lung after chemical carcinogenesis, suggesting that strategies aimed at preventing decreased type V collagen synthesis or local responses to reduced apoptosis may have a greater impact in lung cancer control.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The importance of type V collagen and its relationships with other types of collagen and with vascular and epithelial apoptosis were studied in a model of chemical carcinogenesis in the mouse lung. METHODS: Two groups of male Balb/c mice were studied: a) animals that received two intraperitoneal doses of 3 g/kg urethane carcinogen (urethane group = 24); and b) animals submitted to a sham procedure, comparable to the test group (control group = 7). Both groups were sacrificed after 120 days. In situ detection of apoptosis, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and histomorphometry were used to evaluate the fraction occupied by the tumor, vascular and epithelial apoptosis, and type V, III and I collagen fibers in the lung parenchyma from both groups. RESULTS: The lung parenchyma from the urethane group showed low fractions of vascular and epithelial apoptosis as well as reduced type V collagen fibers when compared to the control group. A significant direct association was found between type V and III collagen fibers and epithelial apoptosis, type V collagen fibers and vascular apoptosis, and type V and type I collagen fibers. CONCLUSION: The results show that a direct link between low amounts of type V collagen and decreased cell apoptosis may favor cancer cell growth in the mouse lung after chemical carcinogenesis, suggesting that strategies aimed at preventing decreased type V collagen synthesis or local responses to reduced apoptosis may have a greater impact in lung cancer control.

Asunto(s)