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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the effect of the "cut-out rescan" strategy on the accuracy of intraoral digital scans from 25° convergent implants positioned at two distinct depths. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two customized models were fabricated, each designated to receive two posterior converged implant fixtures: one at a depth of 1 mm and the other at a depth of 4 mm. Initially, the models were scanned as reference casts using a lab scanner. The test group was involved in scanning the 1-mm and 4-mm implant models using an intraoral scanner in the following order: (1) scanning the 1-mm (T1; n = 10) and (2) 4-mm (T4; n = 10) implant groups with scan bodies connected to both fixtures in each model; (3) cut-out rescan (COR) in the 1-mm (COR1; n = 10) and (4) 4-mm (COR4; n = 10) models, leading to 40 digital files in standard tessellation language format. The mean absolute deviation (MAD), in terms of trueness and precision, between the experimental and control scans was assessed through the alignment of their respective datasets using three-dimensional analysis software. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Levene's tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The COR4 group exhibited the highest MAD, indicative of both trueness and precision (Mean ±SD: 55.659 ±34.802). In contrast, the T1 group demonstrated the lowest MAD (Mean ±SD: 43.225 ±19.237). However, the ANOVA analysis showed no significant influence of depth (P = 0.506) or type of scan (P = 0.442) on the MAD. Precision also did not differ significantly across groups (P = 0.071). CONCLUSIONS: The cut-out rescan approach demonstrated an accuracy comparable to that of the one-time scan method. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Digital intraoral scanning provides clinicians with a range of tools to navigate challenging conditions in which conventional methods may prove difficult, such as cases involving angled adjacent implants. In these scenarios, the cut-out rescan tool serves as a valuable resource, aiding clinicians in overcoming the challenges associated with impression-making owing to the convergence of placed implants.

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Traumatic injuries of anterior teeth can seriously affect a person's smile, which contributes significantly to an individual's overall personality and sense of self. Hence, various efforts have been made over the years to develop techniques that enable clinicians to replicate the natural tooth anatomy while being practical enough to allow its use in clinical practice. The putty index technique helps to make significant progress in achieving such goals by forming a template against which composite material can be placed for restoration of various modalities - in this case, Ellis class I and II. The prepared index replicates the palatal anatomy of the wax build-up done on the patient's cast. This reduces the chair time while improving the predictability of the final restoration.

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Transferring the intraoral situation accurately to the dental laboratory is crucial for fabricating precise restorations. This study aimed to compare the dimensional accuracy of a new hydrophilic quadrofunctional vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) and polyether (PE), in combination with different impression techniques (mono-phase single step or dual-phase single step). The reference model simulated a partially edentulous mandible. Stainless-steel precision balls were welded to specific teeth and were used to detect dimensional deviations. Fifteen impressions were made for each of the following four test groups: (1) VPS mono-phase, (2) PE mono-phase, (3) VPS dual-phase, and (4) PE dual-phase. Global accuracy was measured by deviations from the reference model, while local accuracy focused on the trueness and precision of abutment tooth surfaces. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA (α = 0.05). All distances were underestimated, with the highest global inaccuracies for the cross-arch distance, ranging from -82 µm to -109 µm. The abutment tooth surfaces showed excellent local accuracy for all the materials and techniques, with crown surface trueness < 10 µm and precision < 12 µm. Inlay surfaces had higher inaccuracies (trueness < 15 µm, precision < 26 µm). Within the limitations of this study, all impression materials and techniques can be used to produce models with clinically acceptable accuracy.

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PURPOSE: Additive cast-fabrication has yet to be used as commonly in implant prosthodontics as conventional methods. This review aimed to investigate the accuracy of additive cast-fabrication in implant prosthodontics. STUDY SELECTION: The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022374972). Reporting was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, following the Cochrane Handbook. Two-arm interventional studies that matched the PICO were included (Population: dental typodonts with implants, Intervention: additive cast-fabrication, Comparator: conventional cast-fabrication, Outcome: positional deviations). A systematic search was conducted in three databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL). RESULTS: Seven papers were included in the analysis of horizontal, vertical, and root mean square (RMS) deviations. No significant differences were observed between groups. The overall vertical mean deviation of the intervention group was -4.15 µm [-24.88; 16.57], and the pooled mean absolute deviation was 22.43 µm [8.33; 36.54]. In the control group, these values were 19.67 µm [-32.71; 72.04] and 24.62 µm [0.00; 59.42], respectively. The overall horizontal mean deviation in the intervention group was 21.29 µm [-77.10; 119.68], and the pooled mean absolute deviation was 26.96 µm [0.00; 70.81]. In the control group, the overall mean was 1.45 µm [-32.26; 35.15] and the pooled mean absolute deviation was 25.05 µm [9.08; 41.01]. The mean RMS was only slightly larger in the intervention group, with the value of 14.74 µm [-107.26; 136.74]. CONCLUSIONS: Additive cast-fabrication is as accurate as the conventional method for the position of implant analogs.

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We present the Motivation, Action, Sacrifice, and Temptation (MAST) view of moral praiseworthiness and evaluate four components shaping judgments of an actor's morality: (a) How did the person act? (b) Why did the person act? (c) Did the person sacrifice something when acting? and (d) Was the person tempted to avoid the sacrifice? Across multiple moral domains, we evaluate moral impressions of hypothetical actors who acted ostensibly morally under different motivational, sacrificial, and temptational conditions. Across four studies (total N > 1,200) and 150 morally relevant scenarios, all components shaped moral impressions, with motivational purity having the strongest impact. Exploring motivation more deeply via Self-Determination Theory, we found effects of internalized (vs. externalized) motivations. Broadly speaking, judges prefer actors to act automatically and in an idealized manner rather than with deliberation and effort. This work address questions that have fascinated philosophers, psychologists, and laypeople, advancing understanding of moral impression formation.

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PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the deviation of hypermobile teeth in partially edentulous dental arches during impression taking using digital and conventional techniques. METHODS: A partially edentulous mandibular model with three target hypermobile teeth (including the left first premolar, #34; left second molar, #37; and right first premolar, #44), was used as the simulation model. After reference data were acquired using a desktop scanner, impressions of the simulation model were obtained using a digital intraoral scanner (IOS) and two conventional techniques (hydrocolloid material with a stock tray and silicone material with a custom tray as impression data (n=12/group). The three-dimensional accuracy (root mean square value) and two-dimensional accuracy (mesiodistal and buccolingual displacements) of the target teeth in each impression dataset were calculated based on the reference data. The comparison among three impression techniques was statistically performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α=0.05). RESULTS: For #34 and #44, the three- and two-dimensional accuracies of the impressions fabricated through data acquired through digital scanning (digital impression) were significantly superior to those of the hydrocolloid impression (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was found between the digital and silicone impressions. For #37, no significant difference in the accuracy of the impression data for the target teeth was observed among the three impression techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Digital impression acquiring using an IOS is recommended over using a conventional hydrocolloid impression to prevent the deviation of hypermobile teeth in partially edentulous dental arches. Hypermobile tooth deviation in digital impression data depends on the tooth location.

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Impressions of others are formed from multiple cues, including facial features, vocal tone, and behavioral descriptions, and may be subject to multimodal updating. Four experiments (N = 803) examined the influence of a target's face or voice on impression updating. Experiments 1a-1b examined whether behavior-based impressions are susceptible to updating by incongruent information conveyed by the target's face, voice, or behavior (within-participant manipulation). Both faces and voices updated impressions with comparable strength, but less than behaviors. Experiment 2, contrasting faces and voices only (between-participants manipulation), showed that voices outperformed faces regardless of how impressions were formed (i.e., via behavioral vs. nonbehavioral information). Experiment 3 found no difference when comparing faces and voices in a within-participant design and controlling for stimulus attractiveness. Our work highlights the importance of multimodal cues for impression updating and shows that the relative power of faces and voices depends on contextual factors.

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Objective: This in-vitro study investigates the influence of two different impression techniques and two shoulder designs on the marginal adaptation of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing restorations. Methods: Forty mandibular first premolars were cast into dental arch models for this in vitro study. Fragile cusps and concavities on the mesial-buccal-occlusal surfaces were treated, with 2 mm of the occlusal surface removed. Teeth were categorised into two groups based on shoulder preparation. Digital scanning using a 3Shape 3D scanner identified them further for allocation into conventional and digital impression subgroups. The restorations were created from nanoceramic resin blocks using prescribed guidelines. Microscopic evaluation assessed the restoration's marginal adaptation, with data analysed using SPSS 27.0. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Digital intraoral scanning consistently demonstrated smaller marginal gaps than the traditional impression method, regardless of shoulder preparation, with the differences being statistically significant (p < 0.05). Furthermore, shoulder preparation significantly reduced the marginal gaps in both the digital and traditional impression groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The onlay preparation design with a shoulder led to restorations with improved marginal adaptation compared with the design with no shoulder. Direct digital impression techniques produced restorations within a better marginal discrepancy than traditional impressions.

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Firm and executive written communication allows researchers to explore firm strategy and executive personality. Two data sources have received increased interest in this matter: firm press releases and earnings call transcripts. However, while researchers can obtain these data sources through services like LexisNexis, they often come in unstructured formats that do not directly allow fine-grained quantitative analysis through statistical software. To address this challenge, we developed disclosuR, an innovative R package that transforms unstructured PDF press releases and earnings call transcripts into structured data frames, facilitating advanced text analysis. disclosuR stands out by providing unique features such as speaker-level language analysis and identifying temporal communication patterns within press releases. These functionalities empower researchers to conduct granular and reproducible quantitative analyses, significantly advancing the management literature. By enabling the seamless integration of text data into R, our package not only enhances the reproducibility of social science research but also opens new avenues for examining executive communication dynamics and strategic firm disclosures.•Convert LexisNexis PDFs to structured R data frames•Standardize text analysis of firm communication.

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A flabby ridge is a hyperplastic and movable soft tissue that affects both maxillary and mandibular ridges most commonly the maxillary anterior region. This tissue that supports the denture is dynamic and can be dislodged by masticatory pressures, which affects denture stability and causes a loss of peripheral seal. The mobile tissue may be distorted as a result of forces applied during the impression-making process. For dental practitioners, fabricating dentures on a flabby ridge might be a Herculean endeavor because the dentures may not be stable and may not yield satisfactory outcomes. When treating such patients, practitioners should use extra caution. While treating such circumstances, adjustments to standard impression processes can be helpful. There are several ways to address flabby ridges, such as implant therapy, balanced occlusal load distribution, surgical management, and unique impression techniques. In this case report, a patient with a flabby ridge is treated prosthodontically via an alternative impression approach.

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The use of different models for the fabrication of custom-fit mouthguards (MTGs) can affect their final thickness, adaptation, and shock-absorption properties. This study aimed to evaluate the adaptation, thickness, and shock absorption of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) thermoplastic MTGs produced using conventional plaster or three-dimensional (3D) printed models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A typical model with simulated soft gum tissue was used as the reference model to produce MTGs with the following two different protocols: plast-MTG using a conventional impression and plaster model (n = 10) and 3DPr-MTG using a digital scanning and 3D printed model (n = 10). A custom-fit MTG was fabricated using EVA sheets (Bioart) plasticized over different models. The MTG thickness (mm), internal adaptation (mm) to the typodontic model, and voids in the area (mm2) between the two EVA layers were measured using cone-beam computed tomography images and Mimics software (Materialize). The shock absorption of the MTG was measured using a strain-gauge test with a pendulum impact at 30° with a steel ball over the typodont model with and without MTGs. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with repeated measurements, followed by Tukey's post hoc tests. RESULTS: The 3DPr-MTG showed better adaptation than that of the Plast-MTG at the incisal/occlusal and lingual tooth surfaces (p < 0.001). The 3DPr-MTG showed a thickness similar to that of the Plast-MTG, irrespective of the measured location. MTGs produced using both model types significantly reduced the strain values during horizontal impact (3DPr-MTG 86.2% and Plast-MTG 87.0%) compared with the control group without MTG (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The MTGs showed the required standards regarding thickness, adaptation, and biomechanical performance, suggesting that the number and volume of voids had no significant impact on their functionality. Three-dimensional printed models are a viable alternative for MTG production, providing better adaptation than the Plast-MTG at the incisal/occlusal and lingual tooth surfaces and similar performance as the MTG produced with the conventional protocol.

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A common clinical condition affecting the alveolar ridges of the mandibular or maxillary arches is known as a "flabby ridge." This condition involves a superficial region of movable soft tissue. It is particularly prevalent among long-term denture users, especially in the lower anterior region. Flabby ridges occur when hyperplastic soft tissue replaces the alveolar bone, resulting in mobile, hypermobile, and frequently edematous tissue. This condition is most commonly found in the edentulous areas of the oral cavity, especially in the maxillary anterior region. To provide a good fit for the patient, it is necessary to create a denture with accurate morphology, unique contours, and mobility of flabby tissue. The presence of a flabby ridge can significantly impact the stability, fit, and functionality of dentures. Management of flabby tissue includes various methods such as impression techniques, surgical intervention, and denture designing. This case report aims to provide an improved and controlled application of polyvinyl siloxane impression material in managing flabby tissue conditions, which is commonly used in dental practices. It presents a modified window technique for making impressions of anterior mandibular flabby tissues with their natural, undistorted state, leading to a more accurate and stable denture fit.

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Does self-control express or suppress our true selves? This article reviews the emerging body of literature on the effect of self-control on authentic self-expression from the actors' (self-signaling) and the observers' (other-signaling) perspective. While actors can experience self-control as either expression or suppression of the self, individual differences in decision-making or personal values can predict when self-control is more likely to be experienced in one way or the other. Self-control also signals to observers both positive (e.g., competent, trustworthy, powerful) and negative (e.g., inauthentic, robotic, less warm) identities, with specific inferences depending on the context (e.g., work vs. fun). Overall, the relationship between self-control and self-expression is more nuanced than earlier research suggested, and several open questions await further investigation.

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Diagnostic labels for mental health conditions can inadvertently reinforce harmful stereotypes and exacerbate stigma. If a diagnosis is incorrect and a label is wrongly applied, this may negatively impact person impressions even if the inaccurate label is later corrected. This registered report examined this issue. Participants (N = 560) read a vignette about a hospital patient who was either diagnosed with schizophrenia, diagnosed with major depressive disorder, or not diagnosed with a mental health condition. The diagnostic labels were later retracted strongly, retracted weakly, or not retracted. Participants completed several stigma measures (desire for social distance, perceived dangerousness, and unpredictability), plus several inferential-reasoning measures that tested their reliance on the diagnostic label. As predicted, each mental health diagnosis elicited stigma, and influenced inferential reasoning. This effect was stronger for the schizophrenia diagnosis compared to the major depressive disorder diagnosis. Importantly, the diagnostic label continued to influence person judgments after a clear retraction (strong or weak), highlighting the limitations of corrections in reducing reliance on person-related misinformation and mental health stigma.

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BACKGROUND: Camouflaging, the strategies that some autistic people use to hide their differences, has been hypothesized to trigger mental health ramifications. Camouflaging might reflect ubiquitous impression management experiences that are not unique to autistic people and similarly impact the mental health of non-autistic people. AIMS: We first examined whether individuals in the general population camouflage and manage impressions while experiencing mental health repercussions, and how gender and neurodivergent traits modified these associations. We then assessed how camouflaging and impression management arose from internalized stigma, and their inter-relationships in shaping mental health outcomes. METHODS: Data were collected from 972 adults from a representative U.S. general population sample, with measures pertaining to camouflaging, impression management, mental health, internalized stigma, and neurodivergent traits. Multivariate hierarchical regression and moderated mediation analyses were used to address the two research aims. RESULTS: Both camouflaging and self-presentation (a key component of impression management) were associated with mental health presentations in the general population, which overlapped with those previously reported in autistic people. These associations were more pronounced in women compared with men and were of different directions for individuals with higher autistic traits versus higher ADHD traits. Internalized stigma might be a key stressor that could elicit camouflaging and impression management through social anxiety, which in turn might lead to adverse mental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings advance the conceptual clarity and clinical relevance of camouflaging and impression management across social and neurodiverse groups in the general population. The ramifications of camouflaging and impression management underscore the need to alleviate internalized stigma for better mental health across human groups.

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BACKGROUND: Potential contagion and zoonotic risk make rapid diagnosis of dermatophytosis important amongst companion animals. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To compare the adhesive tape impression (ATI), trichogram, Wood's lamp (WL) examination and fungal culture for diagnosis of dermatophytosis, and the ATI and trichogram for ease of use. ANIMALS: Five dogs and 15 cats with consistent lesions, history and at least two positive dermatophyte test results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After WL examination, one representative lesion per patient was sampled for ATI, trichogram and fungal culture. Microscopic detection of fungal elements on ATI and trichogram were objectively and subjectively compared. The ability of all tests to correctly detect dermatophytosis, and the ability of ATI and trichogram to detect fungal elements in >20 high-powered fields (HPF) were compared using Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: ATI, trichogram, fungal culture and WL were positive in 100% (20 of 20), 90% (18 of 20), 95% (19 of 20) and 65% (13 of 20) of patients, respectively, with a significant difference between WL and ATI (p = 0.0499). Fungal culture revealed Microsporum. canis (n = 16), Nannizzia gypsea (n = 1), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (n = 1) and T. rubrum (n = 1). Fungal elements were detected in >20 HPF more frequently with ATI (18 of 20) than trichogram (11 of 20) (p = 0.017), and detection required careful scanning to distinguish from background debris more often with trichogram. Fungal elements were located with neutrophil clusters and keratinocyte rafts in addition to abnormal hair fragments more frequently on ATI. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: ATI had the highest ability to correctly diagnose dermatophytosis, and increased ease of detecting fungal elements compared to trichogram.

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The development of 3D printing technology has brought new risks and challenges to stamp impression identification. To prevent potential risks, a total of 45 stamps were printed using three types of 3D printers: fused deposition molding (FDM) printer, stereo lithography (SLA) printer, and liquid crystal display (LCD)-based SLA 3D printer, including 6 stamps replicated using LCD-based SLA 3D printer. A preliminary study was conducted on the printed stamps and stamped impressions, and the results showed that stamp are influenced by various factors such as printer type, printing material, the technology level of the producer, mold parameters such as font, size, printing parameters, slicing direction, and polishing process, etc., resulting in significant differences in characteristics. However, there are some obviously common characteristics such as missing of strokes, exposure of white and mottled phenomenon in the impression stamped by the 3D produced stamp. The impression of stamp replicated with an LCD 3D printer can be easily identified since it is difficult to achieve consistency with the real impression in detail characteristics.

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Digital technologies are gradually gaining ground in dentistry. In particular, taking impressions with intraoral scanners is becoming routine; however, even this must often be preceded by the use of retraction cords. This article presents an innovative technique to record digital impressions of natural tooth abutments using interim restorations relined with impression material instead of retraction cords. In the laboratory, using computer-aided design, the technician can segment the internal surface of the interim restoration and use it to replace the abutment of the intraoral scan, thus obtaining an accurate coping that yields more detailed information about the supragingival and intrasulcular surface of the preparation.

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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the trueness of dental arches digitised by two intraoral scanning (IOS) technologies from patients presenting crowding, diastema, and bilateral posterior edentulous space with tilted molar. METHODS: Conventional impressions and dental stone models were generated from three patients presenting the aforementioned dental arch conditions. These models were digitised on a desktop scanner, and the resulting mesh was used as reference. Subsequently, the patients were scanned using confocal based (CF; iTero Element 2) and blue laser-multiscan (BLM; Virtuo Vivo) imaging IOS technology, totalling thirty scans. The meshes from the scans were exported in Standard Tessellation Language format and analysed using Geomagic Control X software. Root mean square (RMS) indicated deviation magnitude. Differences in IOS technologies were evaluated with paired t-tests, and dental arch conditions compared using ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests (α=0.05). RESULTS: Digital dental arch from blue laser-multiscan technology showed lower trueness compared to confocal based technology for crowding (p = 0.0084) and edentulous spaces (p = 0.0025) conditions. When the types of oral condition were compared, discrepancies were significantly different for both IOS technologies, featuring the arch with diastema showing the lowest trueness, followed by edentulous spaces and crowding. CONCLUSION: Dental arches presenting crowding and edentulous spaces digitised by blue laser-multiscan technology exhibited greater discrepancies compared to confocal based imaging technology. Furthermore, trueness varied among the dental arch conditions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The IOS technology and patient's dental arch condition can influence the trueness of dental arch digitisation. Being aware of these effects allows clinicians to take them into account during scanning procedures, digital planning and manufacturing.

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Background and Objectives: Gingival retraction is a critical pre-impression procedure in fixed prosthodontics, crucial for exposing tooth margins and ensuring accurate impressions for restorations like crowns and bridges. This study aimed to evaluate the absorptive capacity of different gingival retraction cords. Materials and Methods: Ninety samples each of Ultrapak (Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA) #00, braided cord, coreless thread, and monofilament thread (totaling 270 samples) were immersed in 0.9% NaCl, 10% aluminum chloride, and 12.7% ferrous sulfate solutions for 120, 300, and 1200 s. The liquid absorption capacity was measured using a gravimetric method, and the data were analyzed using an F-test, setting the significance threshold at p < 0.05. Results: The results revealed statistically significant differences in absorption, particularly for aluminum chloride and ferric sulfate (p < 0.001). Ultrapak demonstrated the highest absorption, followed by the coreless cotton thread, while the monofilament thread absorbed the least, especially at 1200 s. Conclusions: These findings indicate that Ultrapak's superior absorption could enhance moisture control during procedures, highlighting the importance of selecting an appropriate retraction cord for optimal clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to confirm these findings in a clinical setting.

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