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Superior vena cava syndrome(SVCS)is a group of clinical syndromes caused by obstruction of the superior vena cava and its major branches from various causes.Pulmonary artery stenosis(PS)is a complication of lung cancer or mediastinal tumours.SVCS combined with PS due to pulmonary metastases from bladder cancer is extremely rare and has not been reported in the literature.Here we reported an old male patient with pulmonary metastases from bladder cancer presenting with swelling of the head,neck and both upper limbs.SVCS combined with PS was clarified by pulmonary artery computed tomography angiography(CTA)and digital subtraction angiography(DSA).Endovascular stenting was used to treat SVCS.Angiography also showed that PS had not caused pulmonary hypertension and did not need to be treated.The swelling of the patient's head,neck and upper limbs was gradually reduced after the procedure.

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The surface layer of 8407 die steel was strengthened using the combination of ultrasonic surface rolling and high-energy ion implanting in the present work. The strengthened layer was then characterized via microstructure observation, composition analysis, and hardness test. After that, the frictional wear and thermal fatigue properties of high-energy ion implanting specimens and composite-reinforced specimens were compared. Results show that the pretreatment of specimens with ultrasonic surface rolling causes grain refinement in the material surface, which promotes the strengthening effect of high-energy ion implanting. The wear volume of composite-reinforced specimens at medium and high frequencies is reduced by about 20%, and the wear resistance of these specimens is significantly improved with a lower friction coefficient and wear volume at moderate and high frequencies in alternating load friction experiments. Meanwhile, the thermal fatigue crack depth of composite-reinforced specimens is reduced by about 47.5%, which effectively prevents the growth of thermal cracks in the surface, thus improving the curing ability of the implanted elements. Therefore, composite strengthening of the mold steel surface is conducive to improving the cycle life, ensuring accuracy, effectively hindering the expansion of thermal cracks, and saving the cost of production.

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High translucent zirconia (HTZ) has excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and good semi-translucency making it an ideal material for aesthetic anterior dental implant abutments without antibacterial properties. In the oral environment, the surface of the abutment material is susceptible to microbial adhesion and biofilm formation, which can lead to infection or peri-implantitis and even implant failure. This study aims to promote the formation of a biological seal at the implant-soft tissue interface by modifying the HTZ surface, using the load-bearing capacity of the aluminosilicate porous structure and the broad-spectrum antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles to prevent peri-implant bacterial infection and inflammation and to improve the success rate and prolong the use of the implant. FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscopes), EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy), and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) results showed that aluminosilicate non-vacuum sintering can form open micro- and nanoporous structures on HTZ surfaces, and that porous aluminosilicate coatings obtain a larger number, smaller size, and more uniformly shaped silver nanoparticles than smooth aluminosilicate coatings, and could be deposited deeper in the coating. The ICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy) results showed that the early silver ion release of both the smooth silver coating and the porous silver coating was obvious, the silver ion concentration released by the former was higher than that of the latter. However, the silver ion concentration released by the porous silver coating was higher than that of the smooth coating when the release slowed down. Both smooth and porous silver coatings both inhibited E. coli (Escherichia coli), S. aureus (Staphylococcus aureus), and L. acidophilus (L. acidophilus), and porous silver coatings had stronger antibacterial properties. The silver coating was successfully constructed on the surface of HTZ, through aluminium silicate sintering and silver nitrate solution impregnation. It was found that the high concentration environment of silver nitrate solution was more advantageous for nano-Ag deposition, and the non-vacuum sintered porous surface was able to obtain a larger number of nano-Ag particles with smaller sizes. The porous Ag coating exhibited superior antibacterial properties. It was suggested that the HTZ with silver coating had clinical application, and good antibacterial properties that can improve the survival rate and service life of implants.

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The current standard of care for the coverage of large wounds often involves split thickness skin grafts (STSGs) which have numerous limitations. One promising technique that has gained traction is fractional autologous skin grafting using full-thickness skin columns (FTSC). Harvesting occurs orthogonally by taking numerous individual skin columns containing the epidermis down through the dermis and transferring them to the wound bed. The purpose of this porcine study was to investigate the efficacy of implanting FTSCs directly into deep partial-thickness burn wounds, as well as examining donor site healing at the maximal harvest density. It was hypothesised that by utilising FTSCs, the rate of healing in deep partial thickness burns can be improved without incurring the donor morbidity seen in other methods of skin grafting. Deep partial-thickness burns were created on the dorsum of female red duroc swine, debrided 3 days later and FTSCs were implanted at varying expansion ratios directly into the burn wounds. At day 14, 1:50 expansion ratio showed significantly faster re-epithelialisation compared to the debrided burn control and 1:200. Donor sites (at 7%-10% harvest density) were 100% re-epithelialised by day 7. Additionally, the maximal harvest density was determined to be 28% in an ex vivo model, which then five donor sites were harvested at 28% density on a red duroc swine and compared to five STSG donor sites. At maximal harvest density, FTSC donor sites were significantly less hypopigmented compared to STSGs, but no significant differences were observed in re-epithelialisation, contraction, blood flow or dermal thickness. In conclusion, implantation directly into deep partial-thickness burns is a viable option for the application of FTSCs, favouring lower expansion ratios like 1:50 or lower. Little difference in donor site morbidity was observed between FTSC at a maximal harvest density of 28% and STSGs, exceeding the optimal harvest density.

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OBJECTIVE: To study the safety and electrical characteristics of various implanting sites of the Micra pacemaker. METHOD: A total of 15 patients from Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, were included, who were implanted with Micra leadless pacemakers and allocated to either the high ventricular septum group (eight patients) or the low ventricular septum group (seven patients) based on their individual patient factors and clinical conditions. The baseline of the patients, the implanting area, the electrocardiogram change after implantation, the implantation data, the threshold, R wave, impedance, and the date of the 1-month follow-up were then analyzed. With all of the data, the characteristics of different implantation sites of the Micra pacemaker were determined. RESULTS: Overall, the thresholds were low at implantation and remained stable over the 1-, 3-, 6-month, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year follow-ups. On comparing the two groups, there was no difference in QRS duration at pacing (140.00 [40.00] ms vs. 179.00 [50.00] ms), threshold at implantation (0.38 [0.22] mV vs. 0.63 [1.00] mV), R wave at implantation ([10.85 ± 4.71] V vs. [7.26 ± 2.98] V), or impedance at implantation ([906.25 ± 162.39] Ω vs. [750.00 ± 173.40] Ω). While the difference in QRS duration between the two groups was not significant, the QRS duration of the high ventricular septum group exhibited a reduced tendency compared with that of the low ventricular group. The corrected QT interval during pacing exhibited a significant difference (440.00 [80.00] ms vs. 520.00 [100.00] ms; p < .05). For the 1-, 3-, 6-month, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year follow-ups, there was no difference between the threshold of the high ventricular septum group and that of the low ventricular septum group (p > .05). CONCLUSION: High ventricular septum pacing appears to be a safe site for implantation of the Micra pacemaker. It could entail a shorter QRS duration at pacing and could be more physiological than low ventricular septum pacing.

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Endovascular stent implantation had become a major therapeutic option for heart,brain and peripheral vascular diseases.After stent implantation,CT angiography(CTA)and MR angiography(MRA)were often performed during follow-up to diagnose or predict relative complications as early as possible.The research progresses of different material endovascular stent and imaging follow-up after stent implantation were reviewed in this article.

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BACKGROUND: A submammary approach to implanting pulse generators is innovative and has yielded good aesthetic results in the current literature. It was our aim to make a comparison of patient device acceptance, tolerance, and complications between submammary and abdominal device locations in deep brain stimulation. METHODS: Twenty-five and 28 patients were included in the submammary and abdominal groups, respectively. Our primary criterion was patient acceptance that was calculated using total Florida Patient Acceptance Survey (FPAS) scores in each group. Secondarily, tolerance was assessed in the submammary group by means of a specific questionnaire. RESULTS: Total FPAS scores from the submammary group [total FPAS: 77.1 versus 74.7, P = 0.29] revealed no significant difference when compared with the abdominal group. The same similarities were observed regarding the 4 subscales: return to function [16.3 versus 15.8, P = 0.53], device-related distress [22.0 versus 21.3, P = 0.31], body image concerns [9.2 versus 8.6, P = 0.14], and positive appraisal [17.8 versus 17.4, P = 0.58]. Tolerance was reported as good by the majority of the women from the submammary group. There was no evidence of higher infection rates in the submammary implantation (SMI) group. CONCLUSIONS: SMI is a satisfactory alternative to other deep brain stimulation locations. SMI is a feasible option for any young woman who is eligible for deep brain stimulation.

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Objective @#To discuss and summarize the preventive measures and treatment methods for aspiration/ingestion during dental procedures.@*Methods @# One case of aspiration during an implant operation was reported, and the literature on aspiration/ingestion during oral procedures was reviewed.@*Results@#An implant screwdriver accidentally slipped into the mouth of the patient during implant surgery. The patient experienced no obvious discomfort except a few coughs. The surgeon and assistant paused the procedure immediately to search for the screwdriver, but it was not found. The patient declared that there was no special abnormality, such as breathing disorder or chest distress, so we considered that the foreign body was ingestion. After the implant surgery was completed, no foreign body was found in the stomach via gastroscopy. Chest X-ray and CT showed a dense metal shadow in the lower lobe of the left lung. Under local anesthesia, bronchoscopy and biopsy forceps were used by respiratory physicians to clip out the foreign body. After removal of the foreign body, the patient had no obvious discomfort but a slight cough. Cephalexin and metronidazole were given for three days to prevent infection. Three days later, the patient had no complaints of respiratory discomfort. After reviewing the literature, we found that the operation should be paused immediately after aspiration/ingestion occurs during dental procedures and that the dental chair should be laid down to prevent the foreign body from descending deeper, which may increase the difficulty of removal and cause gastrointestinal and respiratory tract injury. The position of the foreign body should be determined by imaging examination, and the corresponding means to remove the foreign body should be performed.@*Conclusion @# Patients may have no obvious symptoms after aspiration/ingestion during dental procedures, and the foreign body can be removed after imaging examination.

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BACKGROUND: During the orthodontic treatment, the results of related reports on potential risk factors affecting the clinical success rate of miniscrew implants are inconsistent. The influential factors that clinicians concern are not all included in this study, and the conclusions from animal experiments are difficult to apply to clinical practice directly. Therefore, what factors affect the clinical success rate of miniscrew implants need further thorough and systematic research. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors that influence the clinical success rate of miniscrew implants used as orthodontic anchorage. METHODS: A total of 114 patients with oral implants, including 42 males and 72 females, aged (19. 26±9. 19) years were included in this study. A total of 253 miniscrew implants were implanted as orthodontic anchorage. The following influential factors were included: Gender, age, vertical skeletal facial pattern, implant site, implant arch, soft tissue type at the implant site, oral hygiene status, diameter and length of the miniscrew implants, implantation method, implantation angle, stress loading timing and intensity, and clinical use. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the correlation between success rate and all variables. Analysis of variance was used to test the effect of each variable on clinical success rate. This trial protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Sichuan University. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among 253 successful miniscrew implants, the overall success rate was 88. 54% with an average loading period of 9. 5 months. The average loading period of the 29 failed miniscrew implants was 2. 3 months. The chi-square test, Fisher exact test and Logistic regression revealed that age, oral hygiene, vertical skeletal facial pattern, and implant site were significantly correlated with clinical success rate (P 0. 05). These results suggest that to minimize the failure of miniscrew implants, proper oral hygiene instruction and effective supervision should be given to patients, in particular to those young (< 12 years) high mandibular plane patients.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the occlusal characteristics of full edentulous patients with implant-supported prostheses and to provide a reference with the occlusal situation for clinicians. METHODS: A Teetester occlusal analysis system was used with 30 full edentulous patients of implant-supported fixed denture (test group) in comparison with 30 natural dentition (control group). The percentage of occlusal force distribution were measured, as well as the occlusal time at the intercuspal, protrusion, and left and right lateral positions. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the occlusion time, maximum occlusal force in intercuspal of test group significantly reduced (P<0.05); while control group was obviously superior to test group in the left and right bit force degree. Disclusion time in protrusion, occlusion times in lateral positions of test group also significantly reduced (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in average occlusion force, percentage of total force in anterior teeth, and lateral occlusion between test group and control group. CONCLUSIONS: The maximum occlusal force in intercuspal of full edentulous patients with implant-supported prostheses reduce. The occlusal force in protrusive occlusion is concentrated in the front teeth, and the group function occlusion is the main lateral occlusal pattern.

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Occlusion reconstruction involves various factors, such as joints, muscles, teeth and mental states. The relationship between implantation complications and occlusion, especially in the method of reducing the risk of implantation during occlusal reconstruction, is more and more emphasized by clinicians. This article mainly summarized the essentials of occlusal factors, such as mandibular position, cusp inclination and occlusal contacts, Spee's curve, Wilson curve and occlusal plane, in clinical treatment from the perspective of static geometry, dynamic functional movement in points, lines and planes, in order to accomplish precise occlusion reconstruction to achieve a stable and functional occlusion reconstruction, i.e. comfortable mandibular position, reasonable protrusive and lateral guidance, firm retrusive control and stable posterior supports, and to maintain the stability of implant.

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An innovative template, based on thoracic cage surface reconstructions for breast interstitial brachytherapy was developed. Hybrid-inverse-planning-optimisation-based implantations and brachytherapy plans, using three custom anthropomorphic breast phantoms, were utilised for its validation. A user independent, inverse planning and inverse implanting technique is proposed.

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OBJECTIVE@#This study aims to evaluate the occlusal characteristics of full edentulous patients with implant-supported prostheses and to provide a reference with the occlusal situation for clinicians.@*METHODS@#A Teetester occlusal analysis system was used with 30 full edentulous patients of implant-supported fixed denture (test group) in comparison with 30 natural dentition (control group). The percentage of occlusal force distribution were measured, as well as the occlusal time at the intercuspal, protrusion, and left and right lateral positions.@*RESULTS@#Compared with control group, the occlusion time, maximum occlusal force in intercuspal of test group significantly reduced (P<0.05); while control group was obviously superior to test group in the left and right bit force degree. Disclusion time in protrusion, occlusion times in lateral positions of test group also significantly reduced (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in average occlusion force, percentage of total force in anterior teeth, and lateral occlusion between test group and control group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The maximum occlusal force in intercuspal of full edentulous patients with implant-supported prostheses reduce. The occlusal force in protrusive occlusion is concentrated in the front teeth, and the group function occlusion is the main lateral occlusal pattern.

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Occlusion reconstruction involves various factors, such as joints, muscles, teeth and mental states. The relationship between implantation complications and occlusion, especially in the method of reducing the risk of implantation during occlusal reconstruction, is more and more emphasized by clinicians. This article mainly summarized the essentials of occlusal factors, such as mandibular position, cusp inclination and occlusal contacts, Spee's curve, Wilson curve and occlusal plane, in clinical treatment from the perspective of static geometry, dynamic functional movement in points, lines and planes, in order to accomplish precise occlusion reconstruction to achieve a stable and functional occlusion reconstruction, i.e. comfortable mandibular position, reasonable protrusive and lateral guidance, firm retrusive control and stable posterior supports, and to maintain the stability of implant.

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The aim of the present study was to observe the dynamic changes of proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase, Pim-1 at the gene and protein level in a mouse model of prostate cancer following surgical castration. Using LNCaP cells to establish a subcutaneous xenograft model and orthotopic prostate cancer BALB/c nude mouse models, the xenograft models were divided into an androgen-dependent prostate cancer group (ADPC), an androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) group and an androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC) group. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), RT-quantitative PCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to compare the expression levels of Pim-1, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and androgen receptor (AR) in tumor tissue of three subgroups. Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that the RT-PCR results of the ADPC (0.59±0.01) and AIPC groups (1.14±0.015) were significantly different when compared with the ADT group (0.62±0.026; P<0.05). As for RT-qPCR, the ΔCq of Pim-1 in the ADPC (6.15±0.34) and AIPC (4.56±0.23) groups were significantly different compared with the ADT group (5.11±0.21; P<0.05). Using 2-ΔΔCq as a relative quantification method to analyze the data, the amplification products of Pim-1 increased by 2.05 and 3.01 times in the ADT and AIPC groups, respectively. ELISA demonstrated the following: The serum concentration of PSA was 0 ng/ml in the control group, 0.48±0.025 ng/ml in the ADPC group and 0.87±0.023 ng/ml in the AIPC group, which were significantly different compared with the ADT group (0.17±0.032 ng/ml; P<0.01). Upon immunohistochemical staining, the protein expression levels of Pim-1 and AR, respectively, were 0.017±0.0021 and 0.032±0.009 in the ADPC group, 0.024±0.0019 and 0.040±0.011 in the AIPC group, and 0.018±0.0013 and 0.019±0.006 in the ADT group. The protein levels of Pim-1 and AR in the ADPC and AIPC groups were significantly different compared with the ADT group (P<0.01). In addition, an orthotopic prostate cancer animal model of ADT was successfully established in the current study, and further investigation revealed that ADT did not affect the expression of Pim-1 at the gene or protein levels; thus, it is hypothesized that Pim-1 may be important in the proliferation and differentiation of prostate cancer during ADT.

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BACKGROUND: Cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) has been widely used in dental implanting. However, the local hospitals usually don't have access to CBCT due to the cost and medical investment, especially in West of China. The doctors in local hospitals have to make reasonable dental planting using orthopantomography (OPG) to reduce risks. Therefore, it is clinically meaningful to determine the magnification rate of OPG to obtain correct diagnosis. This study investigated the magnification rate of OPG in measuring different maxillofacial loci compared with CBCT. METHODS: Eighty-six patients demanding dental implanting were scanned by CBCT and OPG. The vertical distance between the alveolar ridge crest of the maxillary first molar and the sinus bottom of the upper jaw, the distance between the alveolar ridge crest of the mandibular first molars and the top of nerviduct in the mandibular alveolar, and the distance between the alveolar ridge crest of the maxillary central incisors and the bottoms of the nasal cavities were measured. The horizontal distance in those loci were also measured. The distances derived from CBCT were used as reference. The distances between the two methods were compared using paired t-test. The magnification rates at these positions were calculated. The relationship between the data acquired from the two methods was analyzed Pearson correlation. RESULTS: The correlation coefficients (R) between the paired samples obtained from OPG and CBCT were highly related (P < 0.05) with R values varying from 0.840 and 0.959 in vertical distances and R values varying from 0.703 and 0.904 in horizontal distances. Compared with data obtained from CBCT, the mean vertical magnification rates were 11.38% and 12.95% vertically and 8.55% and 9.43% horizontally for the first molars in the right and left maxilla respectively; 7.26% and 6.35% vertically and 5.33% and 4.96% horizontally for the first molars in the right and left mandible respectively; and 5.55% and 4.84% vertically and 6.53% and 7.47% horizontally for the central incisors in the upper right and left jaws respectively. CONCLUSION: The magnification rates of OPG at these teeth are different. The distances measured by OPG were highly correlated with that measured by CBCT.

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Objective To discuss the skills, safety and feasibility of the long stent implants in the middle cerebral artery in brain. Methods One 58-year-old female patient suffered from recurrent right limb dysfunction was chosen as the subjective. The cerebral angiography showed long stenosis lesions (90%-95% )in left middle cerebral artery from M1 to M2, with the length of 13 - 14 mm and the vascular diameter of 2. 5mm. Under local anesthesia a 2. 5 mm × 15.0 mm rapamycin-eluting stent was implanted into left middle cerebral artery. Results The stent was successfully implanted with no residual stenosis, and with TIMI 3 level blood flow. The patient had no adverse events during 14-month follow up. Conclusion With good implanting skills,long stent implantation in middle cerebral artery is safe and feasible.

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@#Objective To investigate the osteogenic potential for size-critical bone defect of fibrin sealant combined with recombined human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) grafting and varied autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) implanting in vivo. Methods BMSCs were cultured and induced with osteogenic supplement (OS) medium. BMSCs with and without OS induction were collected and percutaneously autologous injected respectively into the 15 mm bone defect of experimental rabbit model. The grafts were BMSCs, osteo-induced BMSCs, BMSCs and osteo-induced BMSCs, BMP combined with fibrin sealant, 0.9% NaCl solution. Osteogenesis at the defect area was assessed with regular radiography, histology and biomechanics. Results The FS/BMP group and the BMSCs+osteo-induced BMSCs group achieved complete bone healing with medullary cavity united, with the most new bone formation and the maximal load among those groups. Conclusion The osteogenic potential of both osteo-induced BMSCs combined with BMSCs and FS/BMP are similar, which are superior to that of BMSCs or osteo-induced BMSCs along.

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The whole process of mini-implant was introduced, including preparation, operating methods, points for attention during the procedure, post-operation of implanting and the medical orders. Principles of implanting position and eight normal positions of implanting were introduced. These might be useful for clinical application.

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To evaluate the effect of problem based learning(PBL)in clinical education of pacemaker implanting,30 postgraduates of clinical medicine were arranged into the PBL education group and 60 into the traditional education group.The results showed that the scores of theory and clinical skill of the PBL group were significantly better than those of the traditional education group. It also showed that PBL teaching method is more helpful and more effective than traditional education in clinical education of pacemaker installing.