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The reduction of speckle noise by physically changing the pupil of the imaging system, as first envisioned in optical holography, is experimentally applied to a digital holographic microscope (DHM). The imaging pupil of a DHM, operating in image plane telecentric-afocal architecture, is changed in a controlled way between successive recordings, allowing the shooting of multiple partially-decorrelated holograms. Averaging the numerically reconstructed holograms yields amplitude and/or phase images with reduced speckle noise. Experimental results of biological specimens and a phase-only resolution test show the feasibility to recover micron-sized features in images with reduced speckle noise.

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Introducción: La microscopía holográfica digital ha permitido a la microscopía óptica hacer uso de herramientas numéricas y computacionales; y esto, a su vez, ha favorecido múltiples avances en el estudio de las células y los tejidos en diferentes campos de la medicina y otras ciencias afines. Objetivo: Describir las características histológicas y morfométricas de los folículos tiroideos humanos con la microscopía holográfica digital. Métodos: Se realizó, desde el punto de vista histomorfométrico, un estudio descriptivo y transversal de folículos tiroideos humanos utilizando una instalación de microscopía holográfica digital. Se empleó la técnica de inclusión en parafina y tinción de hematoxilina-eosina para el procesamiento de las muestras. Se realizaron de 10 a 12 capturas de hologramas por muestra y el método de doble propagación para la reconstrucción de los hologramas. Se calculó el área, el perímetro, el diámetro mayor y menor de los folículos y cavidades foliculares y se realizaron reconstrucciones de imágenes holográficas en tres dimensiones. Se determinó como medida de tendencia central la media aritmética y como medida de dispersión la desviación típica o estándar. Resultados: Parámetros foliculares: área (5140,31 ± 1126,71 µm2); perímetro (2961,54 ± 71,2 µm); diámetro mayor:(921,17 ± 24,34 µm); diámetro menor: (746,67 ± 18,08 µm); altura del epitelio (7,92 ± 0,96). Cavidades foliculares: área (3686,18 ±1023,52 µm2); diámetro mayor: (698,86 ± 19,55 µm) y diámetro menor: (581,15 ± 13,82 µm). Conclusiones: Existen parámetros foliculares, determinados mediante la microscopía holográfica digital, no reportados por la literatura consultada, que resultan de interés en el estudio histológico de los folículos tiroideos humanos(AU)

Introduction: Digital holographic microscopy has made it possible to incorporate the use of numerical and computer tools into optical microscopy. This in turn has led to great progress in the study of cells and tissues in several fields of medicine and related sciences. Objective: Describe the histological and morphometric characteristics of human thyroid follicles using digital holographic microscopy. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional histomorphometric study was conducted of human thyroid follicles using a digital holographic microscopy facility. Sample processing was based on inclusion technique by paraffin and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Ten to twelve holographic captures were made per sample, and the double propagation method was used for holographic reconstruction. Estimation was carried out of the area, perimeter, and greatest and smallest diameter of follicles and follicular cavities, and tri-dimensional reconstructions were made of holographic images. Arithmetic mean was determined as the measure of central tendency, and typical or standard deviation as the measure of dispersion. Results: Follicular parameters: area (5 140.31 ± 1 126.71 µm2); perimeter (2 961.54 ± 71.2 µm); greatest diameter (921.17 ± 24.34 µm); smallest diameter (746.67 ± 18.08 µm); epithelial height (7.92 ± 0.96). Follicular cavities: area (3 686.18 ± 1 023.52 µm2); greatest diameter (698.86 ± 19.55 µm); smallest diameter (581.15 ± 13.82 µm). Conclusions: A number of follicular parameters determined by digital holographic microscopy have not been reported by the literature consulted, and they are of interest to the histological study of human thyroid follicles(AU)

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BACKGROUND: The agreement for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures is low. Interpretation of exams used for diagnosis can be directly associated with this limitation. This study proposes to compare the agreement between experts and residents in orthopedics for treatment indication of proximal humerus fractures, utilizing 3D-models, holography (augmented reality), x-rays, and tomography as diagnostic methods. METHODS: Twenty orthopedists (ten experts in shoulder and elbow surgery and ten experts in traumatology) and thirty resident physicians in orthopedics evaluated nine fractures of the proximal humerus, randomly distributed as x-rays, tomography, 3D-models and holography, using the Neer and AO / OTA Classifications. After, we evaluated the interobserver agreement between treatment options (conservative, osteosynthesis and arthroplasty) and whether the experience of the evaluators interfered with the results. RESULTS: The interobserver agreement analysis showed the following kappa-values: κ = 0.362 and κ = 0.306 for experts and residents (3D-models); κ = 0.240 and κ = 0.221 (X-ray); κ = 0.233 and κ = 0.123 (Tomography) and κ = 0.321 and κ = 0.160 (Holography), for experts and residents respectively. Moreover, residents and specialists were discordant in the treatment indication using Tomography as a diagnostic method (p = 0.003). The same was not seen for the other diagnostic methods (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional models showed, overall, the highest interobserver agreement (experts versus residents in orthopedics) for the choice of treatment of proximal humerus fractures compared to X-ray, Tomography, and Holography. Agreement in the choice of treatment among experts that used Tomography and Holography as diagnostic methods were two times higher compared to residents. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered in Brazil Platform under no. CAAE 12273519.7.0000.5505.

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Several fabrication techniques are recently used to produce a nanopattern for sensing, as focused ion beam milling (FIB), e-beam lithography (EBL), nanoimprinting, and soft lithography. Here, interference lithography is explored for the fabrication of large area nanohole arrays in metal films as an efficient, flexible, and scalable production method. The transmission spectra in air of the 1 cm2 substrate were evaluated to study the substrate behavior when hole-size, periodicity, and film thickness are varied, in order to elucidate the best sample for the most effective sensing performance. The efficiency of the nanohole array was tested for bulk sensing and compared with other platforms found in the literature. The sensitivity of ~1000 nm/RIU, achieved with an array periodicity in the visible range, exceeds near infrared (NIR) performances previously reported, and demonstrates that interference lithography is one of the best alternative to other expensive and time-consuming nanofabrication methods.

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Se efectuó una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva sobre la microscopia holográfica digital y se ofrece una información actualizada sobre esta novedosa técnica de registro óptico en el país, así como de sus fundamentos teóricos y principales aplicaciones en el campo de la biología, para que pueda ser consultada por estudiantes y profesionales de la medicina y ciencias afines, con vistas a promover la realización de futuras investigaciones relacionadas con dicha técnica

An exhaustive literature review on the digital holographic microscopy was carried out and an updated information on this novel technique of optic record, its theoretical foundations and main uses in the field of biology in the country is offered, so that it can be consulted by students and professionals of medicine and similar sciences, aimed at promoting the realization of future investigations related to this technique

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Nesta tese, faço uma proposta teórico-metodológica para o estudo de instituição segundo a Psicologia Analítica de C. G. Jung, além de demonstrar a sua aplicação,investigando um serviço de reabilitação psicossocial pelo trabalho para usuários de serviço de saúde mental. Defendo a hipótese de que a visão holográfica do mundo, delimitada mediante a articulação entre os conceitos de psique e de unus mundus, permite definir instituição e um modo para estudá-la que é capaz de valorizar possibilidades de desenvolvimento para essa formação sociocultural e para o indivíduo que nela se insere. Como resultados principais da proposta estabelecida com este trabalho, destaco cinco eixos relacionados à sistematização conceitual e quatro ao aspecto metodológico: Quanto à organização conceitual, o primeiro eixo expõe a visãoholográfica do mundo, o segundo deles se refere à individuação como auto-regulação psíquica contextualizada pela experiência subjetiva na instituição, o terceiro corresponde ao conceito de instituição enriquecido pelo de psique institucional, o quarto à auto-organização desse tipo de formação sociocultural e o quinto articula autoregulação psíquica com auto-organização institucional, com vistas a ressaltar a propriedade autopoiética apontada por essas definições. Quanto ao aspectometodológico, o primeiro eixo corresponde ao princípio esse in anima que introduz a visão holográfica no campo prático do estudo institucional, o segundo define o registro perceptivo contido no símbolo dos sujeitos como meio para realizar esta modalidade depesquisa, o terceiro se refere aos três níveis de leitura da hermenêutica sintéticoconstrutiva, por meio dos quais os símbolos dos indivíduos são abordados sob três ângulos diferentes...

This thesis proposes a theoretical and methodological approach to the study ofinstitutions from the standpoint of the Analytical Psychology of Carl Gustav Jung, demonstrating its applicability in the investigation of a psychosocial work-oriented rehabilitation program for users of mental health services. It substantiates the hypothesis that the holographic vision of the world, delimited by the articulation between theconcepts of psyche and unus mundus, allows a definition for institution and means of studying it which enable the valuing of developmental possibilities for this type of sociocultural organization. As a result of this academic research, five core conceptualand four methodological axes can be delineated: Regarding the conceptual framework, the first axis reveals the holographic vision of the world, the second refers to individuation as psychic self-regulation within the institution, the third corresponds tothe concept of institution enriched by that of institutional psyche, the fourth to the selforganization of this type of sociocultural organization and the fifth articulates psychic self-regulation with institutional self- organization, aiming to emphasize the autopoietic properties indicated by these definitions. As to the methodological aspect, the first axiscorresponds to the principle esse in anima which brings the holographic vision to the practical field of institutional study, the second defines the perception registered in the symbol of subjects as a means of carrying out this manner of research, the third refers to the three levels of synthetic and constructive hermeneutical readings, by which the symbols of individuals are studied from three different angles. The first level values...

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