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Background and Objectives: Systemic-inflammation-based prognostic scores and hematological indices have shown value in predicting outcomes in various clinical settings. However, their effectiveness in predicting outcomes specifically for IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and membranous nephropathy (MN), the most common primary glomerular diseases diagnosed by kidney biopsy, has not been thoroughly investigated. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study involving 334 adult patients with biopsy-proven IgAN (196 patients) and MN (138 patients) from January 2008 to December 2017 at a tertiary center. We assessed six prognostic scores [Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), modified GPS (mGPS), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCRP)] and two hematological indices [red blood cell distribution width (RDW), platelet distribution width (PDW)] at diagnosis and examined their relationship with kidney and patient survival. Results: End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) occurred more frequently in the IgAN group compared to the MN group (37% vs. 12%, p = 0.001). The mean kidney survival time was 10.7 years in the IgAN cohort and 13.8 years in the MN cohort. After adjusting for eGFR and proteinuria, lower NLR and higher LCRP were significant risk factors for ESKD in IgAN. In the MN cohort, no systemic-inflammation-based scores or hematological indices were associated with kidney survival. There were 38 deaths (19%) in the IgAN group and 29 deaths (21%) in the MN group, showing no significant difference in mortality rates. The mean survival time was 13.4 years for the IgAN group and 12.7 years for the MN group. In the IgAN group, a lower PLR was associated with a higher mortality after adjusting for age, the Charlson comorbidity score, eGFR, and proteinuria. In patients with MN, higher NLR, PLR, and RDW were associated with increased mortality. Conclusions: NLR and LCRP are significant predictors of ESKD in IgAN, while PLR is linked to increased mortality. In MN, NLR, PLR, and RDW are predictors of mortality but not kidney survival. These findings underscore the need for disease-specific biomarkers and indicate that systemic inflammatory responses play varying roles in the progression and outcomes of these glomerular diseases. Future studies on larger cohorts are necessary to validate these markers.

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Malnutrition may result in abnormal biochemical and hematological indices. This planned prespecified analysis investigated the effects of a specialized oral nutritional supplement (ONS) on biochemical and hematological indices in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition. In the Strengthening Health in ELDerly through nutrition (SHIELD) study, 811 older adults aged 65 years and above took part in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center study. Participants were randomly allocated to either a complete and balanced specialized ONS (each serving provides 262 kcal, 10.5 g protein, 7.75 µg vitamin D3, and 0.74 g calcium ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate) and dietary counselling (intervention group) or a placebo and dietary counselling (placebo group). Both groups consumed study products twice a day for 180 days. Data were collected at baseline, day 90, and day 180. Blood analysis results at follow-up visits were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of covariance with adjustments for confounders. Overall, when compared with the placebo group, the intervention group showed significantly greater urea (6.0 mmol/L vs. 5.4 mmol/L, p < 0.001), urea to creatinine ratio (4.39 vs. 4.26, p < 0.001), prealbumin (24.9 mg/dL vs. 24.0 mg/dL, p < 0.001), vitamin B12 (480.0 pmol/L vs. 420.1 pmol/L, p < 0.001), and globulin levels (26.8 g/L vs. 26.5 g/L, p = 0.032). The intervention group also had a significantly higher absolute reticulocyte count (62.0 × 103/µL vs. 58.2 × 103/µL, overall p < 0.001) and mean platelet volume (10.0 fL vs. 9.9 fL, overall p = 0.003). Furthermore, significant improvements were seen in total protein at day 90 (71.7 g/L vs. 71.1 g/L, p = 0.017) and in absolute monocyte count at day 90 (0.50 × 103/µL vs. 0.47 × 103/µL, p = 0.009) in the intervention group. In conclusion, daily consumption of a specialized ONS for six months led to significant improvements in biochemical and hematological indices in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition.

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Despite the negative implications on women's health, pregnancy, and fetal outcomes, population-based studies on hematological indices among reproductive age women in India have received inadequate attention. This study aimed to generate normative ranges for various hematological parameters among these women. After ethics approval, apparently healthy (n = 5884) women (aged 18-40 years) were recruited from six eco-geographic zones of India. After various exclusions (n = 5412), including women having anemia, data of clinically, and biochemically healthy women (n = 472) was analysed to generate centiles (2.5 and 97.5th) and correlations. The mean age and mean BMI of women was 29.3 ± 6.5 years and 23.25 ± 3.26 kg/m2 with BP of 112.26 ± 8.9/74.04 ± 6.7 mmHg. The reference intervals for hemoglobin (12-15.1 gm/dl), RBC (3.68-5.55 millions/µl), WBC (4.1-11.26*109/L), platelet count (1.32-4.42*105/µl), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (4.35-41.65 mm/hr) were different from currently used reference values (p < 0.05). However, these haematological indices did not vary among various age categories, geographical zones, ethnicities and rural or urban origins. Pearson's correlation revealed a statistically significant association between ESR, WBC, monocytes, and platelets with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Women with HOMA-IR > 2 displayed a statistically significant differences in parameters like MCV, ESR, eosinophil and platelet counts as compared to the women with HOMA-IR < 2. This study provides a pioneering reference data of hematological indices among women of reproductive age in India. Despite the small sample size results can be extrapolated to the national population given the representative sampling of various geographical zones. This may pave way for future comprehensive large-scale studies on the subject. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12288-023-01714-6.

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BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem with a variety of implications: cellular, metabolic, and hematological. Hematological alterations observed in type 2 diabetes are related to hyperglycemia and have a vital role in vascular-associated diabetes complications which could be used as a marker for these complications. The aim of this study is to assess the association between hematological indices and blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes attending outpatient clinics in Mosul. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case-control study was done on 100 patients with type 2 diabetes and 100 healthy controls attending Alwafa Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology and four family medicine health centers in Mosul for the period 1st of January 2024-30th of March 2024. Data collection was done by a direct interview with participants. Hematological indices were tested by using an automatic hematology analyzer. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in Hb were found between diabetic patients and controls (P = 0.007). The total WBC count, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to controls (P = 0.001 for all). Moreover, platelet indices (platelets count and PDW) showed a significant difference between diabetic patients and controls (P = 0.004 and 0.000) respectively. In addition, total WBC count, neutrophil count, and lymphocytes show a statistically significant positive correlation with FBS (P = 0.026, 0.050, and 0.019) respectively. CONCLUSION: This study revealed statistically significant differences in various hematological parameters between patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls. Regular testing of hematological indices helps in early detection and proper management of diabetic complications.

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Background: Stroke is the third most common cause of disability and the second most common cause of death worldwide. Prognosis assessment in acute ischemic stroke is challenging for clinicians. The development of simple and easily performed prognostic markers that correlate with the outcome of patients can be of immense benefit. The aim of this study was to find out the prognostic significance of total leukocyte count, red cell distribution width and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary center after ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee. The study period spanned from April 18, 2022 to June 17, 2023, a period of 14 months. 136 patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke with total leukocyte count (TLC), red cell distribution width (RDW), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were included in the study after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was obtained 28 days following admission. Data was collected and analyzed through Microsoft Excel 365 and SPSS version 22. Spearman Correlation and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the association. Results: TLC, RDW, and ESR were significantly associated with an mRS at 28 days showing a positive correlation between them. Total in-hospital mortality has been significantly associated with TLC only (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The prognostic value of TLC, RDW, and ESR in patients with acute ischemic stroke was found to be significant and similar to the studies done in similar settings.

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A major global barrier to increased animal output is nutrition. The use of aquatic plants, which were previously considered to be waste and needed a lot of labor to eliminate, has recently come to light due to the lack of feed during the dry season in the majority of tropical regions of Africa. The objectives of this study were therefore to see how different dietary Eichhornia crassipise inclusion rates affect the hematological indicators of Ethiopian Doyogena sheep and Woyto-Guji goats. Blood samples were taken from the jugular veins of 12 Doyogena sheep and 12 Woyto-Guji goats in a 2 × 4 randomized crossover design with two animal species, four diets, and four random periods (15 - day adaption period followed by a 7- day experimental diet in each period). The dietary inclusion rates E. crassipise were 0, 25, 50, and 75% that was used as a replacement for commercial concentrate mix diet in the treatment groups. The data was analyzed using the SAS software programme PROC GLM, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated between hematological markers. The hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCHC) results revealed substantial, RDW-SD, and WBC differences between animal species (P < 0.001). Sheep had greater WBC, Hb, RBC, PCV, RDW-SD, and RDW-CV levels, while goats had higher MCH and MCHC values (P < 0.001). For the analyzed hematological measures, the Pearson's correlation coefficient ranged from low to strong in terms of positive and negative associations (P < 0.05). Since all hematological indicators were closer to those of clinically healthy native Ethiopian sheep and goat breeds, feeding water hyacinth to sheep and goats up to a 75% inclusion level in diets without producing sickness may provide a remedy for adverse feed shortages.

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Introduction: Rhinosinusitis mucormycosis (RM) is an invasive opportunistic fungal infection, especially among COVID-19 patients. The current study aimed to assess the peripheral blood hematological disorders of COVID-19 patients-associated RM. Materials and Methods: During ten month, in two COVID-19 centers in Mashhad, Iran, from June 2021 to March 2022, eighty-three patients suspected of COVID-19 with rhinosinusitis or rhino-orbital mucormycosis participated in this study. The hematological indices of these patients were measured by independent sample T-test or Mann-Whitney test for quantitative data, and the qualitative variables were analyzed using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test in SPSS version 20 at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Of the COVID-19 patients, 40 (48.2%) were affected by RM, and leukocytosis due to neutrophilia was observed in 30% of them. Leukocyte counts were normal in 10 (25%) patients, but 1 (2.5%) and 3 (7.5%) had leukopenia and lymphopenia, respectively. Leukocytosis plus lymphopenia was observed in 7 (17.5%) patients. Also, the synchronicity of leukopenia and lymphopenia was seen in 5 (12.5%) patients. Leukopenia, lymphopenia, and neutropenia have occurred concurrently in 2 (5%) patients. The complete blood count (CBC) showed that RBCs, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), MCH, MCHC, platelet (PLT), and lymphocytes decreased while neutrophils increased. Conclusion: Among the hematological parameters, leukocytosis due to neutrophilia and reduction in Hb, HCT, and PLT are more dominant factors in COVID-19 patients-associated RM.

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BACKGROUND: The pediatric ICU (PICU) is a specialized area where critically sick children are managed. The mortality rates in PICUs are higher in developing countries as compared to developed nations. Many of these deaths could be prevented if very sick children were identified soon after they arrived at the health facility. Hematological indices like platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have been frequently used in adults as indicators of mortality. However, their use in the pediatric population is limited due to a lack of validated reference intervals. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to assess the role of hematological indices in identifying adverse outcomes in terms of mortality in children admitted to the PICU. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a prospective, observational study done at a tertiary care hospital. All children aged one year to 12 years admitted to the PICU were enrolled in the study. A sample for complete blood count was taken within one hour of admission to the PICU. Children who had received blood products in the last two months, those on chronic medications (>two weeks) that can affect bone marrow cellularity, and known cases of hematological disorders such as megaloblastic anemia, hematological malignancies, immune thrombocytopenia, and aplastic anemia were excluded from the study. PLR, NLR, and platelets to mean platelet volume ratio (PLT/MPV) were determined and compared among the survivors and non-survivors. RESULTS:  Out of 275 enrolled patients, 119 (43.3%) patients expired during the study period. While PLR had high sensitivity and NLR had high specificity (85.71% and 92.31%, respectively) for predicting mortality, none of these parameters had a good area under the curve (AUC) in our study. PLT/MPV of ≥32 had a sensitivity of 39.5% and a specificity of 56.41% for predicting mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Hematological parameters have been used across the world to predict ICU mortality. PLR and NLR are simple hematological biomarkers, easy to calculate, and cost-effective, and ratios are better than individual parameters. More studies and stratified samples are required to evaluate the role of hematological markers in identifying the risk of mortality in children admitted to PICUs.

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Hematological indices have long been used in a variety of conditions as indicators of systemic inflammation. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are inexpensive tools in predicting severity and disease activity in acute coronary syndrome, malignancy, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness, and other autoimmune conditions. Evidence suggests that such hematological indices can be used in various dermatoses as predictors of systemic inflammation, to assess the severity of the disease, prognosis, and treatment response.

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PURPOSE: The study attempted to identify possible overlap between serum cell-reactive proteins (C-rp) and hematological indices as predictors of comorbidity of malaria and septicemia among children attending primary healthcare facilities in Ilorin, Nigeria. METHODS: One hundred and ninety-three children (aged: ≤ 1-15 years) presenting with symptoms suggestive of malaria were enrolled. Blood specimens were collected and screened for: Romanowsky, culture, serum C-RP and hematological indices. RESULTS: One hundred and fifteen (59.6%) children had Plasmodium falciparum infections (female 69.0% and male 34.1%). Septicemia was common among 52 (26.9%), but malaria and septicemia co-infection was 42 (36.5%). C-rp levels were low (< 10 mg/L) in 41 (35.7%, OR 4.594, CI 2.463-8.571) and high (> 10 mg/L) in 74 (64.3%, OR 2.519, CI 1.681-3.775) among the malaria positives (p < 0.05). Children with low C-rp, 8 (15.4%, OR 9.413, CI 4.116-21.531) were positive for septicemia and high C-RP 44 (84.6%, OR 1.694, CI 1.396-2.055), but without malaria, respectively. Similarly, increased C-rp levels were significantly associated with clinical malaria; > 10,000 parasites/µL (OR 1.486, CI 1.076-2.054, P < 0.001). Malaria-positive versus negative showed that PCV, C-rp, hemoglobin, platelet, WBC, and neutrophil were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Two bacteria species were identified, viz; Staphylococcus aureus 39 (54.9%) and Escherichia coli 32 (45.1%). The trade-off between sensitivity and specificity occurred at 16.475 cut-off using C-rp and degree of malaria severity as the standard for AUROC. CONCLUSION: C-rp are inflammatory markers, though non-specificity may be associated with malaria prognosis and severity during malaria-septicemia co-infection.

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Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases worldwide. Approximately 9.3% of the general population was estimated to have DM globally in 2019. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) in hyperglycemic patients is expected to increase and determine the rate of erythrocyte hemolysis. Purpose: This study aimed to assess erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) and its determinants and to compare hematological indices among T2DM patients on follow-up at the Jimma Medical Center (JMC), Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study involving 124 participants (each 62) of T2DM patients and controls was conducted from October to November 2020 using a structured questionnaire. 5 mL of venous blood was drawn to assess OF, complete blood count, and blood glucose levels. EOF was investigated using a series hypotonic solution of NaCl. The supernatant of the centrifuged sample was transferred to cuvette test tubes, and the hemolysis stage was read on a spectrophotometer. The collected data were coded and entered into Epi-data Version 3.1. The analysis was performed using SPSS Version 23. Results: Compared with non-diabetic controls, patients with T2DM had significantly increased EOF. FBG >126mg/dl (AOR=7.741, 95% CI: 1.562-38.360), PPBG >200 mg/dl (AOR=7.576, 95% CI: 1.519-37.791), RDW (AOR=4.558, 95% CI: 1.136-18.284) were significantly associated with abnormal EOF. A statistically significant increase in total white blood cells and absolute neutrophil counts (P < 0.001) were observed in T2DM patients. From RBC indices, red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were significantly increased in T2DM patients (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that EOF was greater in patients with T2DM than in non-diabetic controls and was determined by FBG, PPBG, and RDW. The study also demonstrated that hematological index alterations were higher in T2DM subjects than in non-diabetic controls.

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Birds appear to be especially vulnerable to adverse impacts from insecticides. This is especially true for imidacloprid (IMI), which is considered the most toxic to avian species. Recently, prospective studies aimed at including natural alternative products to alleviate the toxic impact that comes from insecticides have been increased. Focusing on herbal growth promoters and antioxidative medicament for the poultry industry, this ongoing experiment was conducted to examine the curcumin role (CUR) in mitigating IMI-prompted detrimental effects on broilers' performance, immunity, and antioxidant status. A total number of one hundred and fifty commercial meat-type Ross 308 broilers chicks (one-day-old) were randomly allocated into equal five groups (30 chicks/group and 10 birds/replicate). The first group (C) was the control; the second group (CUR) was fed a diet containing CUR at the level of 450 mg/kg; the third group (IMI) was fed control diet for 14 days and then was fed a diet containing IMI at the level of 50 mg/kg; the fourth group (CUR+IMI co-treated) was fed a diet containing CUR+IMI; and the fifth group (CUR+IMI pro/co-treated) was fed a diet containing CUR for 14 days as protective and then a diet containing CUR+IMI for the rest of the trial. CUR supplementation either in the (CUR pro/co-treated) or (CUR co-treated) groups significantly (p < 0.05) improved final body weight and total body weight gain while decreasing the total feed intake and feed conversion ratio when compared to the IMI-exposed and non-treated birds. CUR induced a significant (p < 0.05) enhancement in hematological indices, phagocytosis %, phagocytic index, intracellular killing capacity, total proteins, globulin, liver function enzymes, lysozyme activity, and immunoglobulin-G levels compared to IMI-exposed and non-treated birds. In addition, dietary supplementation of CUR significantly (p < 0.05) modulated oxidative stress-related biomarkers in splenic tissues (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and decreased malondialdehyde levels (p < 0.05) when compared to IMI-exposed and non-treated birds. CUR significantly down-regulated mRNA levels expression of IL-1ß, TNF-α, and TLR4 and up-regulated IL-10 mRNA expression levels in spleens of birds when compared to those exposed to IMI-and non-treated. Finally, our results provided new insight into IMI-induced immuno-toxicity in broiler chickens. Furthermore, for the first time, our study informed that CUR can cause an in vivo protective effect against IMI toxicity, principally as a protective and/or as concurrent supplementation during the exposure to IMI toxicity.

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Acute-phase markers are often used to evaluate the disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Occasionally, the serum levels of acute-phase reactants remain normal in patients with obvious inflamed joints. Hematological indices derived from complete blood counts have been shown to correlate with disease activity. This provides a potential practical implementation in daily practice. Only a few studies have evaluated the relation between hematological indices and novel RA treatment (i.e., biological and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs); no research has examined the changes in hematological indices in RA treatments longitudinally. We conducted a retrospective study involving 273 RA patients with b/tsDMARD treatment and followed them for at least a year. Baseline, 3-month, and 6-month lab data were collected. The results indicated a reduction in the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) post-treatment. Higher baseline PLRs and SIIs were associated with a more significant reduction in ESR at three months (η2 = 0.03/0.13, p = 0.21/0.023). NLR and SII correlated with CRP moderately at three months (r = 0.373/0.394, p < 0.001/< 0.001). A correlation comparison showed that the correlation of NLR and PLR with CRP differs during different periods (p = 0.037/0.004). Subgroup analysis revealed that the time effect on correlation is related to treatment with Janus kinase inhibitor and anti-interleukin-6 but not antitumor necrosis factors.

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Objective: This study aimed to compare the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values in patients with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) with healthy control subjects. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted on obese patients aged 18 years and over. The medical records of patients who presented with complaints of being overweight at the obesity clinic between April 2017 and May 2019 were examined. Patients and healthy individuals were included in the study consecutively until the sample sizes reached saturation. Patients with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammatory disease, and malignancy were excluded from the study. The patients' anthropometric measurements, smoking status, blood examination, and thyroid ultrasounds were evaluated. The difference in means between the groups was calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The study included 179 participants, consisting of 93 patients and 86 healthy controls. The mean age was 46.6±14.1 years, with most females (91.6%). Although the NLR and PLR values in patients were higher than those in the control group, the difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.427 and p=0.089, respectively). Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in NLR (p=0.191) and PLR (p=0.668) values between levothyroxine-treated and untreated patients. Correlation analysis revealed weak positive associations between C-reactive protein and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (p<0.05), neutrophils (p<0.01), platelets (p<0.01), and NLR (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that NLR and PLR may not serve as effective indicators of systemic inflammation in patients with euthyroid HT, nor do they adequately assess the impact of levothyroxine usage on systemic inflammation.

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The role of immunostimulants in reducing diseases and enhancing fish performance has been proven in various studies. In this study, the effects of antioxidant procyanidin and commercial probiotic Bio-Aqua® on some hematological and immune indices of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. A total number of 525 fingerlings in seven treatments (each treatment in triplicates) with experimental diets, including (1) commercial food without supplements (CTL), (2) 400 mg procyanidin kg-1 feed (PC400) , (3) 800 mg procyanidin kg-1 feed (PC800), (4) 0.50% probiotic diet (PB0.5), (5) 1.00% probiotic diet (PB1), (6) probiotic and procianidin 0.50% and 800 mg kg-1 feed, respectively (PB0.5 + PC800) and (7) probiotic and procianidin 1.00% and 400 mg kg-1 feed, respectively, (PB1 + PC400) were fed for eight weeks. The results showed that the use of procyanidin alone did not have any significant effect on blood biochemistry and immune indices. However, the individual use of Bio-Aqua® probiotic could affect the hematological and immune indices of fish, except for monocyte, compared to the control and procyanidin treatments. However, the combined use of the supplements improved the hematological and immune indices of fish. It was concluded that the simultaneous dietary administration of procyanidin and probiotic Bio-Aqua® could improve the general health of rainbow trout.

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Objective: Hematological studies were carried out in cattle with tongue-rolling hyperactivity in order to establish the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of this behavioral disorder. Materials and Methods: Cattle were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 12), control animals that did not demonstrate the tongue-rolling orosthenic activity, and Group 2 (n = 12), cattle that manifested this stereotyped behavior. Blood samples were collected from all cattle twice at 10-day intervals from Vena jugularis for analysis of red blood cell counts, hemoglobin (HGB) content, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular HGB (MCH), mean corpuscular HGB concentration (MCHC), hematocrit (HCT), white blood cell counts (WBC), and differential white cell counts [lymphocytes (LYM), monocytes (MON), and granulocytes (GRAs)]. Some blood biochemical constituents were assayed: calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, plasma total protein, blood glucose, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, chlorides, cholesterol, triglycerides, and albumin, as well as the enzyme activities of aspartate amino-transferase (AST), alanine amino-transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK). Blood concentrations of the hormones adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), dopamine, serotonin, free thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and trace elements manganese, copper, and iron were determined. Results: It was found out that the cattle with tongue-rolling hyperactivity did not demonstrate changes in red blood picture (HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC), white blood picture (WBC, LYM, MON, GRA), blood biochemistry (Ca, P, Mg, TP, Glu, TB, urea, creatine, Cl, Chole, TG, and Alb), AST, ALT, ALP, γ-GT, LDH, and CK activities, Cu, and Fe levels. In the study, increased concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, ACTH, and serotonin were established. Conclusion: The data demonstrating increased levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, and ACTH confirmed the etiological role of environmental stressors in the emergence of oral hyperactivity. Increased serotonin concentrations in the blood suggest that cattle with the stereotype are probably "happy" with tongue rolling. The lack of changes in blood trace elements manganese, copper, and iron allowed excluding their deficiency as a probable cause in the etiology of the disorder.

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BACKGROUND: Liver cirrhosis is the final stage of chronic liver disease. We aimed to evaluate non-invasive scores as predictors of complications and outcome in cirrhotic patients. METHODS: A total of 150 cirrhotic patients were included. Models for end-stage liver disease (MELD), albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MoLR), and neutrophil-lymphocyte-albumin ratio (NLA) scores were tested in relation to the development of complications and mortality using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: The ROC curve analysis showed (area under the curve) AUC values of NLR, NLA, ALBI, and MELD of 0.711, 0.730, 0.627, and 0.684, respectively, for short-term mortality. MELD, ALBI, and NLA scores showed a statistically significant correlation with hepatic encephalopathy (p = 0.000 vs. 0.014 vs. 0.040, respectively), and the MELD cut-off value of 16 had a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 52% (AUC: 0.671, 95% CI (0.577-0.765)). For the assessment of the presence of ascites, the AUC values for NLA and MoLR were 0.583 and 0.658, respectively, with cut-offs of 11.38 and 0.44. CONCLUSIONS: MELD, ALBI, and NLA are reliable predictors of hepatic encephalopathy. NLA and MoLR showed a significant correlation with the presence of ascites, and MELD, ALBI, NLR, and NLA have prognostic value to predict 30-day mortality in cirrhotic patients.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: During pregnancy, the iron requirement increases to meet the optimal growth of the fetus and prevent iron deficiency anemia-related complications in the mother. However, in sickle cell disease (SCD) primarily due to repeated blood transfusions and hemolysis-induced recycling of iron, its supplementation during pregnancy remains questionable and may be harmful. Methods: Twenty-five pregnant women with homozygous SCD and 25 pregnant women with normal hemoglobin variants were included as cases and control, respectively. Pregnancy and sickle cell anemia (SCA) were diagnosed using standard protocols. The serum iron, serum ferritin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), percentage transferrin saturation and C-reactive protein were estimated, as per the manufacturer's protocol. The complete blood count was performed. The unpaired 't-test' was performed using the SPSS v23.0 and the principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the online software MetaboAnalyst for statistical analysis. Main Results: The studied cases had significantly lower mean hemoglobin and higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV), compared to controls. The mean serum-iron, serum-ferritin and percentage transferrin-saturation in the cases were significantly higher than that of the controls, while the TIBC was lower in the cases (p < 0.0001). The mean level of serum iron, ferritin, percentage transferrin saturation and TIBC were 309.44 ± 122.40mcg/dl, 860.36 ± 624.64ng/ml, 42.6 ± 17.30% and 241.32 ± 96.30 mcg/dl, respectively, in the cases and 95.36 ± 41.90mcg/dl, 122.28 ± 49.70ng/ml, 15.83 ± 3.10% and 492.6 ± 149.40mcg/dl in the controls, respectively. Higher MCV, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) with lower hemoglobin (Hb) were noted in the cases. The PCA revealed that the cases were more heterogeneous in terms of the variability of the iron status and hematological indices than the controls. Conclusion: The current study shows iron sufficiency in most cases of pregnancy with SCA and suggests that evaluation of iron status must be made before initiating iron prophylaxis in pregnant women with SCA, especially in regions having a high prevalence of sickle cell hemoglobinopathy.

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Introducción: El síndrome metabólico se ha asociado con cambios en parámetros hematológicos (glóbulos rojos, plaquetas y leucocitos); se pueden utilizar para identificar sujetos en riesgo de fenotipos metabólicamente no saludables (MUP). Se investigó si estos parámetros hematológicos sirven como biomarcadores para distinguir el fenotipo metabólicamente sano (MHP) del MUP en niños y adolescentes. Métodos: Estudio transversal, 292 niños y adolescentes. El diagnóstico de MUP fue según consenso. Se utilizó ANOVA unidireccional en las comparaciones, regresión logística múltiple para determinar si el sexo, el grupo etario, el estado nutricional, la pubertad, los parámetros hematológicos y la resistencia a la insulina se asociaron con MUP. Resultados: Edad media 11 años (DE: 2,61). Los valores de RDW fueron significativamente más bajos en los niños en el grupo de peso normal metabólicamente insalubre (MUNW) en comparación con los niños con obesidad metabólicamente no saludable (MUO) (12,33 ± 0,90 vs. 13,67 ± 0,52; p = 0,01) y en la obesidad metabólicamente saludable (MHO) en comparación con el grupo MUO (13,15 ± 0,53 vs. 13,67 ± 0,52; p = 0,04). En adolescentes, la relación plaquetas/linfocitos fue mayor en el grupo MHNW (con un valor medio de 152,60 (DE 62,97) vs 111,16 (DE 44,12) para el grupo MHO. Al ajustar por edad, estado nutricional y pubertad, los índices hematológicos no se asociaron con MUP. Conclusión: Los parámetros hematológicos no están asociados independientemente con el MUP, y es poco probable que representen biomarcadores confiables para la detección del MUP en la población pediátrica.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome has been associated with changes in several hematological parameters, such as red blood cells, platelets, and leucocytes. Therefore, hematologic parameters can be used to identify the subjects at risk of metabolically unhealthy phenotypes (MUP). The current study investigated if hematological parameters can serve as biomarkers to distinguish metabolically healthy phenotype (MHP) from MUP in children and adolescents. Methods: Two hundred ninety-two children and adolescents were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The MUP was diagnosed using consensus-based criteria. Group comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine if sex, age group, nutritional status, puberty, hematological parameters, and insulin resistance were associated with MUP. Results: The subject's age mean was 11 years (SD: 2.61). RDW values were significantly lower in children in the metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) group compared to children with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) group (12.33 ± 0.90 vs. 13.67 ± 0.52; p = 0.01) and in metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) compared to MUO group (13.15 ± 0.53 vs. 13.67 ± 0.52; p = 0.04). In adolescents, the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio was higher in the MHNW group, with a mean value of 152.60 (SD 62.97) compared to 111.16 (SD 44.12) for the MHO group. However, after adjusting for age, nutritional status, and puberty, hematological indices were not associated with MUP. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that hematologic parameters are not independently associated with the MUP, and it is unlikely that they represent reliable biomarkers for screening for the MUP in the pediatric population.

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Background: Adriamycin-Cytoxan (AC) is a common chemotherapy treatment for breast cancer (BC) patients. Its electrolyte and hematological adverse effects have not been addressed adequately. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of AC on hematological and electrolyte parameters among BC patients. Methods: A hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study design was conducted from March to November 2022. Randomly selected AC-treated (n=100) and untreated (n=100) patients were included. Structured questionnaire and medical records were used to collect sociodemographic data. Anthropometric parameters, hematological indices, and serum electrolytes were measured. Cobas Integra 400+and SYSMEX-XT-4000i were used to analyze serum electrolytes and hematological indices respectively. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Independent t-test and chi-square test were used. p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: AC-treated patients' mean total white blood cell (TWBC), neutrophil (NE), lymphocyte (LY), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (HCT), and sodium(Na+) values were significantly reduced (p<0.05) than patients with no treatment. However, mean eosinophils (EO), platelet (PLT) counts, red cell distribution-width (RDW), potassium (K+), and plateletcrit (PCT values were significantly increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: The majority of blood cells and serum sodium were affected by AC treatment. Incorporating these parameters in the routine analysis and further studies on the detailed mechanism of action of this drug is required.