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Objetivo: Identificar a associação entre a presença de discriminação racial e a situação de saúde bucal relacionada à cárie dentária. Método:Estudo transversal, com amostra de 209 adolescentes, avaliados em ambiente escolar através da aplicação de questionário e exame clínico bucal. As variáveis foram: discriminação racial percebida, sociodemográficas e cárie dentária (presença de pelo menos um dente cariado). Os dados foram analisados pelos testes de Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou exato de Fisher e pela Regressão Logística Múltipla. Resultados:A maioria dos adolescentes era negra (66%), do sexo feminino (56,2%), com idade entre 14 e 16 anos (56%), heterossexual (73,2%) e cristã (59,3%). Em relação à situação socioeconômica 41,1% recebiam bolsa família e 19,2% tinham renda familiar de até um salário mínimo. A maior parte dos respondentes apresentou cárie (97,5%) e cerca de um quarto perdeu algum dente permanente. O índice médio do CPO-D foi de 3,7. Houve associação entre a raça/cor conforme o IBGE (p=0,033) e pela escalade cores da pele (p=0,012) e a ocorrência de cárie dentária. Adolescentes negros apresentaram duas vezes mais chances de terem cárie dentária (OR=2,11;IC=1,08-4,15). Conclusão:Os achados deste estudo permitem concluir que observou-se associação entre discriminação racial e cárie dentária.

Objective: To identify the association between the presence of racial discrimination and the oral health situation related to tooth decay. Method:Cross-sectional study, with a sample of 209 adolescents, evaluated in a school environment through the application of a questionnaire and clinical oral examination. The variables were perceived racial discrimination, sociodemographics, tooth decay (presence of at least one decayed tooth). Data were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and Multiple Logistic Regression. Results:The majority of adolescents were black (66%), female (56.2%), aged between 14 and 16 years old (56%), heterosexual (73.2%) and Christian (59.3%) . Regarding socioeconomic situation, 41.1% received a family allowance and 19.2% had a family income of up to one minimum wage. Most respondents had cavities (97.5%) and around a quarter lost some permanent teeth. Therewas an association between race/color according to IBGE (p=0.033) and skin color scale (p=0.012) and the occurrence of tooth decay. Black adolescents were twice as likely to have tooth decay (OR=2.11; CI=1.08-4.15). Conclusion:The findings of this study allow us to conclude that an association was observed between racial discrimination and tooth decay.

Objetivo:Identificar a associação entre a presença de discriminação racial e a situação de saúde bucal relacionada à cárie dentária. Método:Estudio transversal, con una muestra de 209 adolescentes, evaluados en el ambiente escolar mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario y examen clínico oral. Las variables fueron discriminación racial percibida, sociodemográfica, caries (presencia de al menos un diente cariado). Los datos se analizaron mediante las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson o exacta de Fisher y Regresión Logística Múltiple. Resultados:La mayoría de los adolescentes eran negros (66%), mujeres (56,2%), con edades entre 14 y 16 años (56%), heterosexuales (73,2%) y cristianos (59,3%). En cuanto a la situación socioeconómica, el 41,1% recibía una asignación familiar y el 19,2% tenía un ingreso familiar de hasta un salario mínimo. La mayoría de los encuestados tenía caries (97,5%) y alrededor de una cuarta parte perdió algunos dientes permanentes. El índice CPOD promedio fue de 3,7. Hubo asociación entre raza/color según IBGE (p=0,033) y escala de color de piel (p=0,012) y la aparición de caries. Los adolescentes negros tenían el doble de probabilidades de tener caries (OR=2,11; IC=1,08-4,15). Conclusión:Los hallazgos de este estudio nos permiten concluir que se observó una asociación entre la discriminación racial y la caries

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@#Introduction: This study objectives were to evaluate the youth’s knowledge and awareness of reproductive health issues among the Hashemite University students and to measure the effectiveness of the interactive teaching approach in delivering the reproductive health knowledge course. Methods: Quantitative and qualitative research designs were used. The sample was 160 (two cohorts) undergraduate students who enrolled in the reproductive health course during two semesters at the Hashemite University. Quantitative data was collected from the students before and after receiving a reproductive health course. Qualitative data was collected through focus group discussions. Results: The study results showed an improvement in the reproductive health awareness level of students. There was a statistically significant increase in the total score of knowledge between the pretest (M = 19.97, SD = 3.89) and posttest (M = 21.65, SD = 4.03) for the first cohort at p =.00. There was a statistically significant increase in the total score of knowledge between pretest (M = 19.33, SD = 2.89) and posttest (M = 20.66, SD = 5.78) for the 2nd cohort at p =.00. Qualitative data revealed that the students were very interested in the reproductive health course and found it very useful for themselves, their families, friends, and society. Conclusion: The interactive learning approach was useful in teaching reproductive health course and increased university students’ awareness regarding reproductive health topics, which were important for students. It was recommended by students to teach reproductive health course to other students in all universities using interactive learning.

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Background and Aims: Mental health condition among adolescents is a leading cause of health-related disability in Sri Lanka. The study aims to estimate the prevalence and evaluate the associated risk factors in three major mental health domains-loneliness, anxiety and suicidal ideation-among Sri Lankan adolescents. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data of 3262 adolescents from the Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS) conducted by the WHO in 2016. We modeled the binary outcome variables using multivariable logistic regression models with exposures representing demography, food habits, personal hygiene, behavior, substance abuse, parental and social engagement of the respondents. Results: We estimated the prevalence of loneliness, anxiety and suicidal ideation as 30.8% (95% CI: 29.3, 32.5), 20.2% (95% CI: 18.8, 21.6) and 3.7% (95% CI: 3.1, 4.4), respectively, and the overall prevalence as 40.3% (95% CI: 38.6, 42.0). Mental health problems were more prevalent among females than males. Engagement with parents and close friends, adequate nutritional intake and physically active lifestyles reduced the risk of common mental health problems. Exposure variables like food insecurity, truancy, second-hand smoking, physical fight, and being bullied increased adolescents' risk of reported psychological problems. Conclusions: We conclude that the prevalence of mental health problems in the Sri Lankan adolescent population was higher than the global average. Results suggest that future policy decisions to mitigate mental health problems among Sri Lankan adolescents should incorporate an integrated approach involving the individual, family and community to promote positive home and school environments combined with an active and healthy lifestyle.

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Introduction@#Many mental health disorders have onset during adolescence. To date, the data on the correlates of anxiety is still lacking. Therefore, this study is crucial to determine the factors associated with anxiety among school-going adolescents in Malaysia. @*Methodology@#This study was based on 26,892 school-going adolescents from 212 selected schools in Malaysia. Anxiety was measured using Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Associations between anxiety, sociodemographic characteristics and variables of interest were examined using multivariable logistic regression. @*Results@#Overall, 10,540 (39.7%) school-going adolescents had anxiety. Anxiety was positively associated with female (odds ratio, OR [95% confidence interval, CI] = 1.30 [1.19,1.42]) compared to male counterpart, feeling loneliness (1.78 [1.54,2.05]) compared to not lonely, unable to sleep due to worry of something (1.79 [1.56,2.05]) compared to able to sleep, being bullied (1.66 [1.48,1.87]) compared to not being bullied, physical abuse (1.33 [1.18,1.49]) compared to no physical abuse, verbal abuse (1.47 [1.35,1.59]) compared to no verbal abuse, current drinker (1.23 [1.06,1.43]) compared to not current drinker, current drug use (1.84 [1.43,2.35]) compared to not current drug use, ever had sex (1.17 [1.01,1.36]) compared to never had sex, physically inactive (1.16 [1.06,1.26]) compared to physically active and internet addiction (2.59 [2.37,2.83]) compared to no internet addiction. Chinese ethnic (0.68 [0.50,0.93]) compared to other ethnic, and Form 2 (0.78 [0.69,0.89]) and Form 3 (0.73 [0.65,0.82]) students compared to Form 1 students, were protective of anxiety. @*Conclusion@#Prevention and intervention programs for these “at-risk†adolescents should be planned holistically towards reducing the risk factors.

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Introduction:Dentalcariesandperiodontaldiseases are the most common oral diseases globally. Early control of oral health behaviours is importantbecauselifestylesacquiredduringadolescence are powerful predictors of adult health. We conducted a study to determine knowledge, attitude and practices on oral hygiene among school-going adolescents in Choma district of Zambia.Methodology:Across-sectionalstudywasconducted among school-going adolescents in randomly selected schools in Choma District. Atotal of 335 participants were included in the study. Data were collected using a closed-end self-administered questionnaire. The sample size was distributed among the six schools in the ratio of their population. The study included anyone from grades 8-12. Data were analysed using IBM software for SPSS. We employedthe Chi-Squaretesttoinvestigate the association between variables. Ap-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study had 173 males and 162 females in the age range of 12-19 years. The majority (87.8%) had good knowledge, 69.4% had good attitude and 87.5% had good practice on oral -hygiene. Practice was influenced by sex with females having good oral hygiene as compared to their male counterparts. About 97.2% thought that dental health education is essential in schools. 34% indicated that they had visited the dentist when they experienced a toothache. However, parental advice to regularly visit the dentist was low (n=39).The majority 49.9% (n=167) indicated that they had not visited the dentist due to fear of the dental equipment set up.Conclusion and recommendation: Despite the majority having good knowledge and attitude on oral hygiene, there is a need to acquaint children with milling and dental units found in most dental offices. This may instil confidence in children to seek specialist dental treatment whenever they develop any dental disease. Further,parents need to be incorporated as partners in promoting oral health hygiene among school-going adolescents.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the young adults' awareness of sexually transmitted diseases, complications, prevention and management. METHODS: The descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from September 4, 2017, to September 4, 2018, in Karachi, and comprised residents of the city aged 18-35 years of either gender. Data was collected from January 1 to March 31, 2018, using an online questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. RESULTS: Of the 413 subjects, 245(59.3%) were females. The overall mean age was 24.7±4.76 years, and the mean household income was Rs2,18,294±205434. Of the total, 342(83%) had not heard the term 'sexually transmitted diseases'. Knowledge regarding transmission and complications of common sexually transmitted diseases was also low 293(56.4%). Leading source of sexual health knowledge was media 182(44%). Awareness levels differed significantly by age, educational level, field of study, occupation and educational level of the parents (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was deficiency in terms of knowledge and awareness regarding sexually transmitted diseases.

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OBJECTIVE: To translate and adapt the children's Perception of Parents Scale in Urdu language, and to determine its psychometric properties. METHODS: The study was conducted in schools from different areas of Karachi (such as Happy Palace Grammar School, Beacon Askari School, The Educators, and Clifton Grammar School) from October, 2017 to March, 2018. The first phase of the study was conducted from January, 2017 to September, 2017. In the first phase, Perception of Parents Scale children version was forward and backward translated in consultation with experts and a final version was prepared and its reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability. Construct validity was evaluated by using the Urdu versions of standardised scales. In the second phase, the Urdu version of the scale was administered on secondary school students aged 12-16 from October, 2017, to March, 2018, in different areas of the city. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. RESULTS: Of the758 subjects, 383(50.5%) were boys and 375(49.5%) were girls. The overall mean age was 13.57±1.24 years. Cronbach's alpha values for the four subscales were: mother involvement 0.592, mother autonomy support 0.777, father involvement 0.653, and father autonomy support 0.717. Test-retest values were 0.803, 0.791, 0.874, and 0.845 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The Urdu version of Perception of Parents Scale children version was found to be a reliable and valid instrument.

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Objetivo: orientar o planejamento reprodutivo a fim de postergar a gestação na adolescência. Método: trata-se de um relato de experiência extraído de ação extensionista realizada pelo projeto Sementinha: não vai dar Zika, em abril de 2017, com 56 adolescentes, alunos do ensino médio na cidade de Pontal do Araguaia. Realizou-se uma roda de conversa sobre planejamento reprodutivo e para abordar o tema utilizou-se elementos da Educação problematizadora de Paulo Freire. Resultados: os adolescentes demonstraram grande conhecimento sobre os métodos contraceptivos, porém foi notável o desconhecimento quanto a utilização correta desses métodos. Embora conheçam as consequências da síndrome congênita do zika vírus, não houve preocupações quanto à infecção, mesmo estando em área de risco para o contato com o vetor da doença. Considerações finais: a partir da metodologia desenvolvida, notou-se a necessidade de ampliar o conhecimento sobre as vias de transmissão do zika vírus e a saúde reprodutiva dos adolescentes, a fim de promover uma sexualidade segura e postergar a maternidade e paternidade.

Objective: to guide reproductive planning in order to postpone pregnancy during adolescence. Method: it is an experience report extracted from an extensionist action carried out by the Sementinha project: there will not be Zika, in April 2017, with 56 adolescents, high school students in the city of Pontal do Araguaia. A conversation was held on reproductive planning and to address the theme we used elements of Paulo Freire's problematizing Education. Results: adolescents showed great knowledge about contraceptive methods, but the lack of knowledge about the correct use of these methods was remarkable. Although they know the consequences of the congenital zika virus syndrome, there were no concerns about the infection, even being in an area of risk for contact with the vector of the disease. Final considerations: based on the methodology developed, it was noted the need to increase knowledge about the transmission routes of zika virus and the reproductive health of adolescents, in order to promote safe sexuality and postpone motherhood and paternity.

Objetivo: orientar la planificación reproductiva a fin de postergar la gestación en la adolescencia. Método: se trata de un relato de experiencia extraída de acción extensionista realizada por el proyecto Sementinha: no va a dar Zika, en abril de 2017, con 56 adolescentes, alumnos de la escuela secundaria en la ciudad de Pontal do Araguaia. Se realizó una rueda de conversación sobre planificación reproductiva y para abordar el tema se utilizaron elementos de la Educación problematizadora de Paulo Freire. Resultados: los adolescentes demostraron gran conocimiento sobre los métodos anticonceptivos, pero fue notable el desconocimiento en cuanto a la utilización correcta de estos métodos. Aunque conocen las consecuencias del síndrome congénito del zika virus, no hubo preocupaciones en cuanto a la infección, aun estando en área de riesgo para el contacto con el vector de la enfermedad. Consideraciones finales: a partir de la metodología desarrollada, se notó la necesidad de ampliar el conocimiento sobre las vías de transmisión del zika virus y la salud reproductiva de los adolescentes, a fin de promover una sexualidad segura y postergar la maternidad y paternidad.

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Street-involved (SI) youth comprise a substantial component of the urban homeless population. Despite being significant users of hospital emergency department (ED) services for acute and ongoing health needs, little is known about their experiences of ED care and the factors affecting their ED use. This study used a grounded theory and community-based approach to examine these issues. Focus groups and individual interviews were facilitated with 48 SI youth between ages 15 and 26 years, recruited in hospital or through community agencies serving SI youth in a major Western Canadian city. Results demonstrate that SI youth often perceived suboptimal care and experienced long waiting periods that led to many avoiding or prematurely exiting the ED. Service gaps appeared to have a negative bearing on their care and health outcomes. Findings invite a critical review of ED care processes, structures, and staff interactions in the aim of enhancing ED services to SI youth.

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Trata-se de uma revisão dos artigos científicos brasileiros do período de 2002 a 2012, a propósito da temática da atenção à saúde do adolescente em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de restrição e privação de liberdade. Foram identificados 70 estudos nas bases de dados ADOLEC (Literatura sobre adolescência) e SciELO. Utilizou-se a metodologia de análise de conteúdo temática pela qual se classificou os artigos em três categorias: a) Sistema Socioeducativo; b) Atenção à Saúde do Adolescente; c) Violência Juvenil e Violações de Direitos. Verificou-se que se destacam como temáticas transversais às duas primeiras categorias: a tendência de psiquiatrização e patologização da adolescência, como fenômeno contemporâneo. Ademais, observou-se que a produção tem aumentado quantitativamente, neste campo, nos últimos anos.

This study is about a review on Brazilian scientific papers from 2002 to 2012, as to the theme of health care for adolescents under correctional measures which impose restriction and deprivation of freedom. 70 scientific papers were spotted on ADOLEC (Literature on Adolescents) and SciELO databases. A theme-based content analysis methodology was used, which organized the papers in three categories: a) Correctional System; b) Health care for Adolescents; c) Youth violence and e Human rights violation. It has been recognized that certain crosscutting themes were highlighted in the first two categories: the tendency to the psychiatrization and pathologization of adolescence, as a contemporaneous phenomenom. Moreover, it has been noticed that the production in such area has increased quantitatively in the past years.

Tratase de una revisión de los artículos científicos brasileños del período del año 2002 al 2012, en relación a la temática de la atención a la salud del adolescente en cumplimiento de medida socioeducativa de restricción y privación de libertad. Fueron identificados 70 estudios en bases de datos ADOLEC (Literatura sobre adolescencia) y SCIELO. Se ha utilizado la metodología de análisis de contenido temático por el cual se clasificaran los artículos en tres categorías: a) Sistema Socioeducativo; b) Atención a la Salud del Adolescente; c) Violencia Juvenil y Violaciones de Derechos. Se ha verificado que se destacan como temáticas transversales las dos primeras categorías: la tendencia de psiquiatrización y patologización de la adolescencia, como fenómeno contemporáneo. Además, se ha observado que la producción ha aumentado cuantitativamente, en este campo, en los últimos años.

Nous présentons ici une révison des articles scientifiques brésiliens de la période de 2002 à 2012, traitant la thématique de l'attention portée à la santé de l'adolescent sous mesure sócio-éducative de restriction et privation de liberté. 70 études ont été identifiées dans les bases de données ADOLEC ( Littérature sur l'adolescence) et SciELo. La méthode d'analyse du contenu utilisée a permis la classification des articles sous trois catégories: a) Systéme sócio-éducatif ; b) Attention portée à la santé de l'adolescent; c) Violence juvénile et violation de droits. Il fut possible de vérifier que la tendance à la psychiatrisation et pathologisation de l'adolescence comme phénomène contemporain se démarque comme thématiques transversales aux deux premières catégories. Nous remarquerons de plus que la production dans ce domaine a augmenté ces dernières années.

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