RESUMEN
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) is a rare clinical condition with immunoglobulin fixation on the surface of erythrocytes, with or without complement activation. The pathophysiology of AIHA is complex and multifactorial, presenting functional abnormalities of T and B lymphocytes that generate an imbalance between lymphocyte activation, immunotolerance and cytokine production that culminates in autoimmune haemolysis. In AIHA, further laboratory data are needed to predict relapse and refractoriness of therapy, and thus, prevent adverse side-effects and treatment-induced toxicity. The metabolomic profile of AIHA has not yet been described. Our group developed a cross-sectional study with follow-up to assess the metabolomic profile in these patients, as well as to compare the metabolites found depending on the activity and intensity of haemolysis. We analysed the plasma of 26 patients with primary warm AIHA compared to 150 healthy individuals by mass spectrometry. Of the 95 metabolites found in the patients with AIHA, four acylcarnitines, two phosphatidylcholines (PC), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and three sphingomyelins were significantly increased. There was an increase in PC, spermine and spermidine in the AIHA group with haemolytic activity. The PC ae 34:3/PC ae 40:2 ratio, seen only in the 12-month relapse group, was a predictor of relapse with 81% specificity and 100% sensitivity. Increased sphingomyelin, ADMA, PC and polyamines in patients with warm AIHA can interfere in autoantigen and autoimmune recognition mechanisms in a number of ways (deficient action of regulatory T lymphocytes on erythrocyte recognition as self, negative regulation of macrophage nuclear factor kappa beta activity, perpetuation of effector T lymphocyte and antibody production against erythrocyte antigens). The presence of PC ae 34:3/PC ae 40:2 ratio as a relapse predictor can help in identifying cases that require more frequent follow-up or early second-line therapies.
Asunto(s)
Anemia Hemolítica Autoinmune , Humanos , Anemia Hemolítica Autoinmune/terapia , Hemólisis , Estudios Transversales , EritrocitosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Immune haemolysis in liver transplant (LT) can occur due to autoantibodies and alloantibodies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for immune haemolysis in LT. METHODS: A total of 175 consecutive patients were included. Multiorgan recipients were excluded. Samples, from before LT, seven consecutive days and weekly for 4 weeks, were evaluated for haemolysis and immunohaematological tests. SPSS 24 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Nine patients (5·1%) presented positive antibody screen (AS) before LT, (2·3% clinically significant), more frequent in RhD-negative (P = 0·017). Positive DAT occurred in 53 (30·3%) and was related to high MELD score (P = 0·048), HCV (P = 0·005) and furosemide use (P = 0·001). Positive AS after LT occurred in 22 patients (12·5%), with nine (5·7%) clinically significant antibodies. Positive AS occurred more frequently in RhD negative (P = 0·021) and in those transfused (P = 0·022). Post-transplant positive DAT was associated with piperacillin-tazobactam use (P = 0·021) and minor ABO incompatibility (P = 0·0038). Five patients presented passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS), all received liver-graft O, four presented haemolysis, and three were transfused due to PLS. CONCLUSION: Auto- and alloantibodies against red blood cell antigens are frequent in LT, but the frequency of immune haemolysis was only 2·8%. The only risk factor for PLS was minor ABO mismatch.
Asunto(s)
Anemia Hemolítica/etiología , Hemólisis , Trasplante de Hígado/efectos adversos , Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO , Adolescente , Adulto , Autoanticuerpos , Femenino , Humanos , Isoanticuerpos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Beta-thalassaemia (BT) is classified according to blood transfusion requirement as minor (BTMi), intermedia (BTI) and major (BTM). BTM is the most severe form, requiring regular transfusions while transfusion need is only occasional in BTI. Differential gene expression between patients has not been assessed so far. Here, we evaluated the global gene expression profiles during differentiation of human erythroid cells of two patients carrying the same mutation [CD39, (C â T)], though displaying different phenotypes (BTI and BTM). Considering the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathophysiology of thalassaemia, we focused on differentially expressed genes involved in metabolic pathways triggered by ROS, such as inflammation and apoptosis, and, from these, we selected the Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APEX1) and High Mobility Group Box1 (HMGB1) genes, whose role in BT is not well established. An in-depth expression analysis of transcriptional and protein levels in patients carrying a range of mutations associated with BT phenotypes indicated that APEX1 was increased in both BTI and BTM. Furthermore, higher amounts of HMGB1 was found in the plasma of BTI patients. Our findings suggest that these proteins have important roles in BT and could represent new targets for further studies aiming to improve the management of the disease.
Asunto(s)
ADN-(Sitio Apurínico o Apirimidínico) Liasa/genética , Proteína HMGB1/genética , Estrés Oxidativo , Transducción de Señal , Transcriptoma , Talasemia beta/genética , Talasemia beta/metabolismo , Adulto , Apoptosis , Apirasa/metabolismo , Biomarcadores , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Biología Computacional/métodos , ADN-(Sitio Apurínico o Apirimidínico) Liasa/metabolismo , Células Eritroides/citología , Células Eritroides/metabolismo , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Proteína HMGB1/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fenotipo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Talasemia beta/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Resumen La microangiopatía trombótica asociada a cáncer (MTAC) comprende la presencia de anemia hemolítica microangiopática, trombocitopenia y lesión isquémica de órganos en pacientes con neoplasia de origen conocido o desconocido. Su diagnóstico es desafiante pues suele ser confundido con la púrpura trombocitopénica trombótica, que es la causa más frecuente de microangiopatía trombótica en pacientes sanos. La MTAC puede ser manifestación de la neoplasia en sí misma o manifestación de complicación de la quimioterapia, por lo que tiene un pronóstico pobre. A continuación se presenta el caso de una paciente que desarrolló MTAC en el contexto de cáncer metastásico de origen primario desconocido.
Abstract Cancer-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (CATM) consists of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and ischaemic end organ-damage in patients with a known or unknown primary malignancy. Its diagnosis is challenging, as it is sometimes confused with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, which is the most common cause of thrombotic microangiopathy in healthy patients. CATM can be a manifestation of the malignancy itself or a chemotherapy-related complication, with these patients having a poor prognosis. A case is presented of a patient who developed CATM in the context of metastatic cancer with an unknown primary site.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Trombocitopenia , Microangiopatías Trombóticas , Anemia Hemolítica , Púrpura Trombocitopénica Trombótica , NeoplasiasRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of the haematological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on mortality in hospitalized patients. For that purpose a case-control study of hospitalized patients in a medical referral centre from January 2009 to December 2014 was performed. For analysis, patients hospitalized for any haematological activity of SLE ( n = 103) were compared with patients hospitalized for other manifestations of SLE activity or complications of treatment ( n = 206). Taking as a variable outcome hospital death, an analysis of potential associated factors was performed. The most common haematological manifestation was thrombocytopenia (63.1%), followed by haemolytic anaemia (30%) and neutropenia (25.2%). In the group of haematological manifestations, 17 (16.5%) deaths were observed compared to 10 (4.8%) deaths in the control group ( P < 0.001). The causes of death were similar in both groups. In the analysis of the variables, it was found that only haematological manifestations were associated with intra-hospital death (odds ratio 3.87, 95% confidence interval 1.8-88, P < 0.001). Our study suggests that apparently any manifestation of haematological activity of SLE is associated with poor prognosis and contributes to increased hospital mortality.
Asunto(s)
Anemia Hemolítica/epidemiología , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/mortalidad , Neutropenia/epidemiología , Trombocitopenia/epidemiología , Adulto , Anemia Hemolítica/mortalidad , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Línea Celular , Femenino , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/complicaciones , Masculino , Neutropenia/mortalidad , Pronóstico , Trombocitopenia/mortalidad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Describimos el caso de un paciente masculino de 41 años que cursa con cuadro clínico de dolor torácico, astenia y adinamia, con estudios imagenológicos que evidencian masa en mediastino anterior que corresponde a timoma, de acuerdo con el reporte de patología. Además cursa con anemia hemolítica e hipotiroidismo autoinmune, sin miastenia gravis asociada
The case is presented of a 41 year-old male patient with chest pain, asthenia and adynamia. The imaging studies showed a mass in the anterior mediastinum, which according to the pathology report, was a thymoma. Also, the patient also had haemolytic anaemia and autoimmune hypothyroidism, and with no associated myasthenia gravis
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Timoma , Autoinmunidad , Anemia HemolíticaRESUMEN
Objetivo: presentar el caso de una gestante adolescente con síndrome de Evans, y hacer una revisión de la literatura respecto a su tratamiento y pronóstico durante el embarazo. Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de una paciente adolescente embarazada con síndrome de Evans, manejada en nuestra unidad, ubicada en un hospital de segundo nivel de referencia en Bogotá (Colombia); se describe la historia clínica, su diagnóstico, manejo y desenlace, y se realiza una revisión de la literatura con énfasis en su tratamiento y pronóstico. Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura utilizando las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, Embase y la Biblioteca Cochrane a mayo de 2016. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron "anemia hemolítica autoinmune", "trombocitopenia", "síndrome de Evans" y "embarazo", en español o inglés, sin límite por año de publicación. Resultados: se encontraron 79 publicaciones en la búsqueda en Medline y 61 en Embase. De estas, 13 estudios estaban directamente relacionados con el tema. Uno de los artículos corresponde a una revisión sistemática de la literatura y los demás a reportes de caso. Todos los reportes de caso encontrados están incluidos en la revisión sistemática. El síndrome de Evans se debe sospechar cuando se presenta trombocitopenia y hemólisis en la mujer gestante. La patología tiene un curso variable durante el embarazo y amerita un control estricto materno-fetal. Se dispone de alternativas que incluyen el uso de corticoides, gamaglobulina intravenosa y, en algunos casos, el manejo quirúrgico con esplenectomía. Conclusiones: el síndrome de Evans es una patología rara durante la gestación, se requieren más estudios respecto al tratamiento y pronóstico de la enfermedad que permitan guiar su manejo.
Objective: To present the case of a pregnant teenage girl with Evans Syndrome, and to conduct a review of the literature regarding treatment and prognosis during pregnancy. Materials and methods: Case presentation of a pregnant teenage girl with Evans Syndrome managed at our unit in a Level II referral hospital in Bogota, Colombia; description of the clinical history, diagnosis, management and outcome; and review of the literature focusing on treatment and prognosis. A search of the literature was conducted using the Medline database through PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library up to May 2016. The key terms used were "autoimmune haemolytic anaemia", "thrombocytopenia", "Evans Syndrome" and "pregnancy", both in Spanish and English, with no restriction by year of publication. Results: Overall, 79 publications were found in Medline and 61 in EMBASE. Of these, 13 studies related directly to the topic, one was a systematic review of the literature, and the rest were case reports. All the case reports found are included in the systematic review. Evans Syndrome must be suspected when there is thrombocytopenia and haemolysis in the pregnant woman. The course of the disease varies during pregnancy and warrants close maternal and foetal follow-up. Treatment options are available, including steroids, intravenous gamma globulin and, in certain cases, surgical management with splenectomy. Conclusions: Evans Syndrome is a rare disease during pregnancy. Further studies are needed regarding the treatment and prognosis of the disease in order to guide treatment.
Asunto(s)
Anemia Hemolítica Autoinmune , Embarazo , TrombocitopeniaRESUMEN
Haemoglobin (Hb) SC disease is the second most common subtype of sickle cell disease and is potentially fatal. This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics, outcome and predictors of mortality in HbSC disease patients, and to compare these findings with patients followed-up in different centres. Clinical, laboratory and outcome data were collected from a cohort of adult patients with HbSC disease followed between 1991 and 2103. Cox regression multivariate analysis was used to determine predictors of mortality. One hundred and fifty-five patients were followed-up over 20 years: 9% died and 70·8% had at least one complication. The most common complications were: painful crises (38·3%), retinopathy (33·8%), cholelithiasis (30·3%), osteonecrosis (24·8%) and sensorineural hearing disorders (9·7%). Frequency of chronic complications was similar in most studies. In multivariate analysis, hearing disorders remained an independent predictor of mortality (Odds Ratio 9·26, 95% confidence interval 1·1-74·8; P = 0·03). It was concluded that patients with HbSC disease receive a late diagnosis and there is remarkable similarity between the studies conducted in different centres around the world. Sensorineural hearing disorders were an independent predictor of mortality, suggesting that it may be useful to implement routine diagnostic screening.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de la Hemoglobina SC/mortalidad , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Colelitiasis/etiología , Comorbilidad , Diagnóstico Tardío , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/etiología , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/mortalidad , Enfermedad de la Hemoglobina SC/sangre , Enfermedad de la Hemoglobina SC/complicaciones , Enfermedad de la Hemoglobina SC/diagnóstico , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteonecrosis/etiología , Dolor/etiología , Embarazo , Complicaciones Hematológicas del Embarazo/epidemiología , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Enfermedades de la Retina/etiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
La anemia hemolítica autoinmune se asocia con una variedad de virus hepatotrópicos, en particular citomegalovirus (CMV), virus del Epstein-Barr y de la hepatitis B. No es frecuente dentro de la historia natural de la hepatitis A, la aparición de anemia hemolítica, y cuando se presenta, generalmente se asocia a deficiencia de glucosa-6-fosfato deshidrogenasa. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino sin hemólisis previa, con astenia e ictericia de dos meses de evolución y hepatomegalia 14 cm por debajo del reborde costal derecho. Los hallazgos en los exámenes de laboratorios mostraron anemia hemolítica con Coombs directo positivo, anticuerpos tipo inmunoglobulina M contra el virus de la hepatitis A positivos, niveles de bilirrubinas 20 veces y aminotrasferasas cuatro veces por arriba del rango normal; con estos datos el paciente fue diagnosticado como hepatitis A complicada con anemia hemolítica y probable hepatitis autoinmune asociada, por lo que se inició manejo con corticoides, alcanzándose mejoría clínica. Resaltamos la importancia de descartar la infección por el virus de la hepatitis A como posible etiología de anemia hemolítica autoinmune.