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The structural health monitoring (SHM) of buildings provides relevant data for the evaluation of the structural behavior over time, the efficiency of maintenance, strengthening, and post-earthquake conditions. This paper presents the design and implementation of a continuous SHM system based on dynamic properties, base accelerations, crack widths, out-of-plane rotations, and environmental data for the retrofitted church of Kuñotambo, a 17th century adobe structure, located in the Peruvian Andes. The system produces continuous hourly records. The organization, data collection, and processing of the SHM system follows different approaches and stages, concluding with the assessment of the structural and environmental conditions over time compared to predefined thresholds. The SHM system was implemented in May 2022 and is part of the Seismic Retrofitting Project of the Getty Conservation Institute. The initial results from the first twelve months of monitoring revealed seasonal fluctuations in crack widths, out-of-plane rotations, and natural frequencies, influenced by hygrothermal cycles, and an apparent positive trend, but more data are needed to justify the nature of these actions. This study emphasizes the necessity for extended data collection to establish robust correlations and refine monitoring strategies, aiming to enhance the longevity and safety of historic adobe structures under seismic risk.

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Climate and air pollution have adverse effects on cultural heritage building materials. However, the quantified damage due to modeled changes in climate and air pollution is still poorly studied. Here, we review first the damage affecting these materials and the associated damage equations in the literature. Across all relevant studies (n = 87), we found only nine independent equations to estimate different damage categories, mainly limited to limestones. Then, by using current meteorological data and future bias-corrected CMIP6 climate and air pollution data at high resolution (1 km; historical and business-as-usual scenario) and applying these equations, we quantified the relative contributions of climate and air pollution changes on the building materials of eight cultural heritage sites of the European project Sustainable COnservation and REstoration of built cultural heritage (SCORE) from 2020 to 2100. On average across the sites, a significant decrease in damage is projected in surface recession (-10 % ± 10 %), biomass accumulation (-20 % ± 18 %), and wind-rain erosion (-7 % ± 6 %) in response to future climate and air pollution changes, except in the regions where precipitation substantially increases (Northern Europe). A large uncertainty in the relative magnitude of the damage to built cultural heritage materials was found for the same site, changes in surface recession vary up to a 40 % difference across the equations. Moreover, thermal expansion and lifetime multiplier equations project an increase in the related damage while all the other types of damage are significantly reduced. Finally, in general, but not systematically, climate-induced damage was found to be predominant over the pollution-induced one. Our results allow prioritizing cultural heritage maintenance decisions in regions where damage will further increase. Beyond simulated damages which are still limited use, we urge more campaign studies to determine real in situ damage in different climate locations to validate or build the best equations.

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Resumo O artigo aborda o licenciamento ambiental como instrumento de identificação e preservação do patrimônio cultural. Ao longo de 2021 foram conduzidos estudos na área do campus de Manguinhos da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz e vizinhança, associados à instalação de uma rede de coleta e tratamento de esgoto pelo poder público. Os estudos evidenciaram o processo de ocupação do território e permitiram identificar vestígios de cultura material em contexto arqueológico e os bens acautelados pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional - baianas de acarajé, capoeira e literatura de cordel -, saberes e formas de expressão que testemunham a construção do território de Manguinhos, processo em constante movimento.

Abstract This article discusses environmental licensing as an instrument for the identification and preservation of cultural heritage. Throughout 2021, studies were undertaken in and around Fundação Oswaldo Cruz's Manguinhos campus, in Rio de Janeiro, in preparation for the introduction of a sewage system by the local authority. The studies revealed how the territory had been occupied and enabled the identification of vestiges of material culture in an archaeological context and the heritage listed by Iphan, the Brazilian federal heritage protection agency - baianas de acarajé, capoeira, and cordel literature - the knowledge, and the forms of expression that bear witness to the development of the Manguinhos territory, a process in continuous motion.

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Abstract This article examines the general characteristics of how the invertebrate paleontology collection at the National Museum [Museu Nacional] in Rio de Janeiro took shape and the stages in its trajectory, considering the institution's own journey from the perspective of museology and heritage studies. It addresses the reach of the collection within the context of the department and the procedures and practices involved, namely research, education, and exhibitions. The collection's trajectory reflects the contexts that formed the backdrop for the museum, domestically and globally, between the mid-1900s and the early twenty-first century.

Resumo O artigo analisa os aspetos gerais da formação da coleção de paleoinvertebrados do Museu Nacional, no Rio de Janeiro, e as etapas da sua trajetória, tendo em consideração o próprio percurso da instituição, sob a perspetiva da museologia e dos estudos sobre o património. São abordados o alcance da coleção no contexto do departamento, os procedimentos por que passou e as práticas em que esteve envolvida, nomeadamente a pesquisa, o ensino e as exposições. A trajetória da coleção reflete os contextos em que o museu se moveu no país e no mundo, desde meados do século XIX até o início do século XXI.

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The study of building materials is important for a better conservation of built heritage. Worldwide, volcanic stones (including basalt, andesite and dacite) are among the least studied building materials. In this research, the decay of a red basalt due to wet atmospheric deposition was studied. Red basalt was exposed to artificial rain solutions, prepared from rain samples collected weekly from 2014-2019. In this research, the decay of stone-built heritage was indirectly studied emulating wet atmospheric accelerated weathering under three different volume weighted mean (VWM) compositions: global, acid and no-acid categories. Lixiviates were analyzed to better understand the deterioration mechanisms taking place inside the material. Decay was quantified as mass difference, water absorption capacity (WAC) and open porosity (OP) changes. Results show that the methodology used is suitable to research the decay of built heritage. The studied basalt is indeed prone to decay by wet atmospheric deposition. The main decay mechanisms are the washing of insoluble compounds, dissolution of minerals, salt crystallization and cation exchange. WAC and OP showed promising results of their appropriateness as monitoring variables of decay in situ. Acid conditions produce the most severe decay, but Ph effect is not as important as precipitation volume. Non-linear equations relating volume of precipitation with mass difference in red basalt are presented.

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We provide the first assessment of fungal diversity associated with historic wooden structures at Whalers Bay (Heritage Monument 71), Deception Island, maritime Antarctic, using DNA metabarcoding. We detected a total of 177 fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) dominated by the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Rozellomycota, and Zoopagomycota. The assemblages were dominated by Helotiales sp. 1 and Herpotrichiellaceae sp. 1. Functional assignments indicated that the taxa detected were dominated by saprotrophic, plant and animal pathogenic, and symbiotic taxa. Metabarcoding revealed the presence of a rich and complex fungal community, which may be due to the wooden structures acting as baits attracting taxa to niches sheltered against extreme conditions, generating a hotspot for fungi in Antarctica. The sequences assigned included both cosmopolitan and endemic taxa, as well as potentially unreported diversity. The detection of DNA assigned to taxa of human and animal opportunistic pathogens raises a potential concern as Whalers Bay is one of the most popular visitor sites in Antarctica. The use of metabarcoding to detect DNA present in environmental samples does not confirm the presence of viable or metabolically active fungi and further studies using different culturing conditions and media, different growth temperatures and incubation periods, in combination with further molecular approaches such as shotgun sequencing are now required to clarify the functional ecology of these fungi.

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To understand the ASD diagnosis and treatment pathways for US families, N = 38 Mexican-heritage mothers were interviewed about how and when they obtained an ASD diagnosis for their children. Most children (84%) were diagnosed between two and three years old. One-third of mothers reported receiving four to seven referrals before diagnosis. Mothers identified multiple diagnosis circumstances including two diagnoses and services offered before diagnosis. A multiple case study design documented the diagnosis and treatment experiences of four representative participants. As compared to previous studies that utilized a deficit lens to rationalize barriers to diagnosis and treatment (e.g., parents not knowledgeable about ASD), these findings revealed a complex understanding of how structural barriers (e.g., immigration status), initial diagnosis rejection among caregivers, and abrupt service cancellation complicated the diagnosis and treatment process. Implications identified suggestions to optimize and streamline ASD diagnosis and treatment pathways for Mexican heritage families.

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Resumo A partir dos conceitos de cultura, território, conservação integrada e sustentabilidade, o artigo analisa o significado da participação social em processos de reconhecimento, apropriação, preservação e valorização do patrimônio cultural. Adota como objeto o Núcleo Arquitetônico Histórico de Manguinhos, da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, e seu Plano de Requalificação, que visa transformá-lo num " campus parque". Tem base num diagnóstico sobre a participação social, que aponta a necessidade de sua ampliação para a consolidação desse núcleo como um patrimônio cultural não só para as ciências e a saúde, mas também por sua apropriação pelo território como um bem de valores simbólico, cognitivo e identitário e como elemento estruturante ao desenvolvimento sustentável.

Abstract Based on the concepts of culture, territory, integrated conservation, and sustainability, this article analyses the meaning of social participation in the recognition, appropriation, preservation, and enhancement of cultural heritage. The object of analysis is the Manguinhos Historical Architectural Site, at Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, and its Requalification Plan, which aims to transform it into a "park campus." A diagnostic study was conducted of social participation in this heritage, which found that greater participation should be encouraged if the complex is to be consolidated as science and health heritage and also appropriated by the territory as an asset of symbolic, cognitive, and identity values and a structuring element for sustainable development.

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Resumo O artigo reflete sobre as justificativas do projeto "Lugar de memória: história e vida dos trabalhadores técnicos da Fiocruz", uma iniciativa de educação patrimonial que relaciona o patrimônio arquitetônico do campus Manguinhos com a memória e as muitas histórias dos auxiliares de laboratório que atuaram no Instituto Oswaldo Cruz em seus trinta primeiros anos de existência. O propósito do projeto foi estabelecer um lugar de memória para os trabalhadores técnicos da instituição, compondo um diálogo entre passado e presente da história da Fiocruz e integrando espaços virtuais a ambientes históricos.

Abstract This article reflects on the justifications for the "Lugares de Memória: história e vida dos trabalhadores técnicos da Fiocruz" project, a heritage education initiative linking the architectural heritage of the Manguinhos campus to the memory and many histories of the laboratory assistants who worked at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (Fiocruz) during its first thirty years of existence. The objective was to establish a space for memory for the institution's technical staff by creating a dialog between the past and present in the history of Fiocruz and integrating virtual spaces and historical environments.

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Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as condições de transmissão e os sentidos de produção das disposições relacionadas à prática do xadrez na trajetória esportiva de um dos Grandes Mestres brasileiros. A abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa foi utilizada a fim de identificar e analisar em profundidade tal problemática. A seleção do participante apresentado, GM 12, se deu por seu evidenciado destaque e posição ocupados no espaço social enxadrístico. Os dados foram produzidos por entrevistas retrospectivas semiestruturadas e analisados por meio da Análise Temática. Os resultados oferecem subsídios sobre a constituição social dos processos capazes de construir o sucesso esportivo. Em oposição às concepções naturalizadoras e meritocráticas que atribuem aos desempenhos a presença ou a falta de "dons" e "talentos" predestinados, o desvelar de suas bagagens constituiu-se em fecunda alternativa para refutar a própria produção de desigualdades causadas por sua manifestação oculta.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the conditions of transmission and the meanings of production of the dispositions related to the practice of chess in the sporting trajectory of one of Brazilian Grandmasters. The qualitative research approach was used to identify and analyze this goal in depth. The selection of the presented participant, GM 12, was due to his evident prominence and position occupied in the chess social space. The data were produced through semistructured retrospective interviews and analyzed through the Thematic Analysis method. Finally, it was hoped to offer subsidies on the social constitution of the socializing processes capable of building the sport success. In opposition to the naturalizing and meritocratic conceptions that attribute the presence or lack of predestined "gifts" and "talents" to the players performances, the unveiling of their baggage could be a fruitful alternative to refute one's own inequalities caused by their hidden manifestation.

Resumen El dicho trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar los condicionantes de transmisión y los sentidos de producción de las disposiciones respecto a la práctica del ajedrez en la trayectoria deportiva de uno de los Grandes Maestros brasileños. Para ello, se utilizó una investigación cualitativa con la cual se procuró identificar y analizar en profundidad esta problematización. La selección del participante presentado, GM 12, se debió a su evidente protagonismo y posición que ocupa en el espacio social del ajedrez. La producción de los datos estuvo a cargo de la realización de entrevistas retrospectivas semiestructuradas y estudiadas por Análisis Temático. Los resultados obtenidos ofrecen subsidios relativos a la constitución social de los procesos que llevan al éxito deportivo, en oposición a las concepciones naturalistas y meritocráticas que condicionan las performances a la presencia o ausencia de talentos innatos. Así, al desvelar las experiencias sociales de estos jugadores, se constituye una alternativa fecunda para rehusar la propia producción de desigualdades provocadas por su manifestación oculta.

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The consumption of cultivated berry species (e.g., strawberries, blueberries) has increased dramatically in the last two decades after consumers appreciated them as flavorful, convenient and healthy fruits. Wild berries and similar small wild fruits are traditionally consumed around the world by local people as safe, nutritious, tasty, and versatile foods. These wild fruits have played an important role in the nutrition and bio-cultural aspects of rural communities. Like their commercial counterparts, wild berries contain important nutrients and bioactive compounds that may prevent or delay some chronic diseases attributed to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. This review provides a comprehensive appraisal of the chemical and bioactive components in wild berry species and their traditional uses as foods around the globe. Presently, wild berries and similar wild small fruits are novel food sources that inspire applications as culinary products, processed foods, and nutraceuticals. Further research is needed to validate the content and action of bioactive components responsible for health claims. Sustainable commercial exploitation of wild berries should consider biocultural, environmental, and socio-economic aspects.

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Resumo A seleção de novos membros para ocupar cargos na estrutura burocrática federal brasileira mudou progressivamente durante a segunda metade da década de 1990. Se a orientação inicial foi marcada pela retomada quantitativa dos concursos públicos federais (1995-2002), após 2003 a tendência foi de buscar atrair uma maior diversidade de setores sociais nas carreiras públicas - e a seleção de diplomatas não ficou alheia a este processo. A análise qualitativa de fontes primárias (documentos) e fontes secundárias (revisão de literatura) permitiu verificar que, juntamente com iniciativas já reconhecidas na literatura - aumento do número de vagas e da remuneração, isenção de inscrição, entre outras -, a própria modificação das questões formuladas nas provas aplicadas entre 1995 e 2015 pode ser entendida como uma medida com o objetivo de alteração do perfil dos ingressantes na carreira diplomática. Entre 1995 e 2004, a prova avaliou e selecionou os candidatos mediante questões de "cultura geral", que privilegiavam uma certa "herança cultural" reputada como sinal de distinção social e associada a um perfil social pretensamente sofisticado. No entanto, entre 2004 e 2015 parece ter havido uma padronização das novas questões, que, afastando-se das exigências tácitas de refinamento cultural, dariam preferência a outros perfis de candidatos.

Resumen La selección de nuevos miembros para ocupar los cargos públicos federales brasileños cambió progresivamente durante la segunda mitad de la década de 1990. Si la orientación inicial estuvo marcada por la reanudación cuantitativa de los concursos públicos federales (1995-2002), en el período posterior a 2003 esta tendencia buscó atraer una mayor diversidad de sectores sociales a las carreras públicas - y la selección de diplomáticos no quedó ajena a este proceso. El análisis cualitativo de fuentes primarias (documentos) y fuentes secundarias (revisión bibliográfica) permitió constatar que, junto a iniciativas ya reconocidas en la literatura - aumento del número de vacantes y remuneración, exención de registro, entre otras -, se puede entender la modificación de las preguntas formuladas en los exámenes aplicados entre 1995 y 2015 como una medida hacia la alteración del perfil de quienes ingresan a la carrera diplomática. Entre 1995 y 2004 la prueba evaluó y seleccionó a los candidatos a través de preguntas de "cultura general", que privilegiaron un "patrimonio cultural" reputado como signo de distinción social y asociado a un perfil social supuestamente sofisticado. Sin embargo, entre 2004 y 2015 parece haberse producido una estandarización de las nuevas preguntas, que, alejándose de las exigencias tácitas del refinamiento cultural, darían preferencia a otros perfiles de candidatos.

Abstract The selection of new members to occupy positions in the Brazilian federal bureaucratic framework changed progressively during the second half of the 1990s. If the initial orientation was characterized by the quantitative resumption of federal public tenders (1995-2002), post-2003, this trend sought to attract a greater diversity of social sectors in public careers — and the selection of diplomats was not alien to this process. The qualitative analysis of primary sources (documents) and secondary sources (literature review) showed that, along with initiatives already recognized in the literature — increase in the number of vacancies and remuneration, exemption from registration, among others — the very modification of questions formulated in the exams applied between 1995 and 2015 can be understood as a measure toward the alteration of the profile of those entering the diplomatic career. Between 1995 and 2004, the test evaluated and selected the candidates through questions of "general culture," which privileged a certain "cultural heritage" reputed as a sign of social distinction and associated with an allegedly sophisticated social profile. However, between 2004 and 2015, there seems to have been a standardization of the new questions, which, moving away from the tacit requirements of cultural refinement, gave preference to other candidate profiles.

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Resumen Los Tének son un pueblo originario de México que practica aún la medicina tradicional, reflejo de su interrelación con la naturaleza, su cosmovisión e identidad; sin embargo, este conocimiento se ha ido erosionado. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar las diferentes especies de plantas medicinales usadas por los Tének para tratar síntomas asociados a enfermedades y lesiones. Se aplicó una encuesta a 189 personas de 5 localidades de la Huasteca veracruzana, específicamente, del municipio de Tantoyuca, Veracruz, México. Además, se entrevistó a 19 médicos tradicionales. La información fue analizada a través de estadística descriptiva. Se detectaron 152 especies pertenecientes a 63 familias botánicas, de las cuales 10 concentran el 48 % de las especies identificadas. La forma biológica predominante fue la herbácea y 45 % de las especies eran silvestres. Las plantas medicinales mostraron tener una contribución importante en el sistema de salud de las localidades del área de estudio. Estas plantas son parte de su patrimonio biocultural, por lo que su germoplasma y su conocimiento tradicional asociado deben ser conservados ante condiciones como cambios del clima y del uso del suelo, la pobreza, y la migración de los más jóvenes; particularmente, porque este conocimiento tradicional ha sido heredado, básicamente, a través de la tradición oral.

Abstract The Tének culture is an indigenous group from Mexico that still performs traditional medicine practices which reflect their interaction and connection with nature, as well as their worldview, and identity. Nevertheless, this knowledge is being eroded. The present research aims to determine the different species of medicinal plants used by Tének to treat symptoms associated to illnesses and injuries. A survey was administered to 189 persons form 5 different rural localities in the Huasteca region from Veracrúz, specifically Tantoyuca municipality, Additionally, 19 indigenous, traditional medicine doctors were interviewed. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics. As a result, 152 species were detected, which belong to 63 different botanical families. 48 % of the identified species belonged to 10 of these botanical species, the predominant biological form being herbaceous. Likewise, 45 % of the identified species are wild. Thus, medicinal plants play an important role in the healthcare system of the rural areas studied. These plants are part of their biocultural heritage, therefore their germplasm and associated traditional knowledge must be conserved in the face of conditions such as climate changes and land use, poverty, and the migration of the youngest; particularly because this traditional knowledge has basically been inherited through oral tradition.

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Resumen Este trabajo busca resaltar la relación bilateral y el potencial interdisciplinar que existe entre la archivística y la historia. Dos saberes, cuyo vínculo se ha dado por sentado, pero que pocas veces se ha analizado a profundidad con el propósito de dimensionar a cabalidad las interdefiniciones y la reciprocidad entre estos ámbitos de conocimiento. Regularmente, la historia y la archivística han caído en una rencilla sin sentido por determinar quién es auxiliar de quién. Un legado de las viejas jerarquizaciones intelectuales del positivismo que aún no parece estar superado. Se sostiene que la archivística es parte central de la institución historiadora, al igual que la racionalidad histórica es un componente inseparable de la estructura de conocimiento archivístico. En otras palabras, la relación entre la archivación y la indagación histórica es dialéctica y mutuamente complementaria, sin una no es posible la otra.

Abstract This work seeks to highlight the bilateral relationship and the interdisciplinary potential that exists between archival science and history. Two types of knowledge, whose link has been taken for granted, but which has seldom been analyzed in depth in order to fully dimension the interdefinitions and reciprocity between these fields of knowledge. Regularly, history and archival science have fallen into a meaningless feud over who is "auxiliary to" whom. A legacy of the old intellectual hierarchies of positivism that still does not seem to be out of date. It is argued that archival science is a central part of the historical institution, just as historical rationality is an inseparable component of the archival knowledge structure. In other words, the relationship between archiving and historical inquiry is dialectical and mutually complementary, without one the other is not possible.

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Scientific practices stemming from colonialism, whereby middle- and low-income countries supply data for high-income countries and the contributions of local expertise are devalued, are still prevalent today in the field of palaeontology. In response to these unjust practices, countries such as Mexico and Brazil adopted protective laws and regulations during the twentieth century to preserve their palaeontological heritage. However, scientific colonialism is still reflected in many publications describing fossil specimens recovered from these countries. Here, we present examples of 'palaeontological colonialism' from publications on Jurassic-Cretaceous fossils from NE Mexico and NE Brazil spanning the last three decades. Common issues that we identified in these publications are the absence of both fieldwork and export permit declarations and the lack of local experts among authorships. In Mexico, access to many fossil specimens is restricted on account of these specimens being housed in private collections, whereas a high number of studies on Brazilian fossils are based on specimens illegally reposited in foreign collections, particularly in Germany and Japan. Finally, we outline and discuss the wider academic and social impacts of these research practices, and propose exhaustive recommendations to scientists, journals, museums, research institutions and government and funding agencies in order to overcome these practices.

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Although Mexican-origin youth with first-generation immigrant parents are relatively good at retaining their heritage language of Spanish, limited research has been conducted on their Spanish language development during adolescence. From three-wave longitudinal data across six years (Nwave1 = 604, Mage.wave1 = 12.91, 54% female), distinct groups of adolescents with consistently high, improved, declined, and consistently low Spanish proficiencies were identified. Family relationship quality was more predictive of adolescents' Spanish proficiency than family language environment. The benefits of Spanish proficiency were consistent across adolescents' ethnic identity, resilience, and life meaning. More research and practical attention to parent-adolescent relationships is needed to capitalize on the continued plasticity of adolescents' Spanish language development and to promote consequent positive outcomes.

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Living organisms can induce deterioration of cultural heritage. Conservation strategies aimed at avoiding damage and aiding restoration, require a comprehensive knowledge of structure, chemical composition, and identity of microorganisms that colonize artworks. The National Theatre of Costa Rica (NTCR), a building with historic architecture, houses several oil paintings from the nineteenth century, some with visible signs of biodeterioration. One of them is a large format painting on canvas called La Danza (size 9.83 × 5.13 m) from 1896 by Italian artist Vespasiano Bignami, located on the ceiling of the theatre's foyer. In the present study, we undertook a physicochemical and microbiological study of La Danza to identify the fungal species that inhabit the artwork and are responsible for the damage observed. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic data indicated that the canvas material is made of hemp, the binder contains linseed oil and lead white, and a material in the inner face of the canvas is mainly composed of beeswax. Fungi were isolated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar, and then identified with molecular (BTUB, nrDNA ITS, and TEF1 regions) and morphological methods. Four isolates belonging to the genera Myxospora, Pestalotiopsis, Ustilago, and aff. Penicillium, were obtained. Qualitative tests showed cellulolytic activity in all isolated specimens, confirming their possible role in biodeterioration of the canvas. Phylogenetic and morphological data revealed a new species of Myxospora we name here as Myxospora theatro sp. nov., in reference to NTCR. The findings broaden the knowledge of fungi capable of inhabiting and damaging cultural heritage. They also provide valuable information to develop strategies for conservation and restoration of oil paintings on canvas.

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In the United States (US), individuals of Puerto Rican heritage die of drug overdoses at higher rates than other Hispanic groups or non-Hispanic Whites; yet, little is known about the extent to which drug overdose mortality affects island-born, versus US-born, Puerto Ricans. The distinction between Puerto Rican-born and US-born provides a starting point for culturally tailored services and interventions, as place of birth often informs language preferences and cultural identifications. Therefore, this study analyzed 2013-2019 death certificate data from the National Center for Health Statistics for 415,111 US deaths attributed to drug overdose. Drug overdose deaths were compared for island-born Puerto Ricans (N=3516), US-born Puerto Ricans (N=4949), and individuals not of Puerto Rican heritage (N=406,646). Drug overdose mortality rates, including age-specific and directly age-standardized rates, were calculated for each subgroup using population estimates from the US Census Bureau's American Community Survey. Results indicated that age-adjusted drug overdose mortality rates over the period of 2013-2019 were significantly higher for island-born than US-born Puerto Rican men (46.8 versus 34.6, per 100,000), with rates in both groups significantly higher than for men not of Puerto Rican heritage (24.0 per 100,000). For women, in contrast, drug overdose mortality rates were lower for island-born than US-born Puerto Ricans (8.6 versus 11.1, per 100,000). Within stateside Puerto Rican communities, island-born men experience a disproportionate burden of drug overdose mortality, necessitating targeted, culturally appropriate interventions built around the specific norms, circumstances, and lived experiences shared by Puerto Rican migrants who use drugs.

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Este estudo aborda a importância da preservação do patrimônio cultural brasileiro, principalmente em se tratando da relevância de tais patrimônios para a formação de identidades individuais e coletivas de determinados grupos sociais. Para tanto, a primeira parte deste trabalho investiga de que forma os patrimônios culturais e a antropologia urbana configuram-se ferramentas para compreender a formação da memória social. Memória social esta que não escapa das teias de poder e disputa narrativa de seu respectivo período histórico, muitas vezes sendo determinada ao largo das narrativas dos povos ou grupos minoritários que representam. A segunda parte trará considerações acerca dos mecanismos jurídicos existentes no Direito Brasileiro que tutelam a preservação do patrimônio cultural. Na terceira e última parte, por sua vez, realiza-se um estudo de caso sobre a Estação Ferroviária de Leopoldina, localizada no município de Argolas, estado do Espírito Santo, bem como as eventuais distâncias e aproximações da realidade social lá encontrada com aquilo que se encontra previsto em lei.(AU)

This study addresses the importance of preserving the Brazilian cultural heritage, especially regarding the relevance of such heritage to the formation of individual and collective identities of certain social groups. To this end, the first part investigates how cultural heritage and urban anthropology are tools for understanding the formation of social memory. Social memory that does not escape the webs of power and narrative dispute of their respective historical period, often being determined along the narratives of the peoples or minority groups they represent. The second part will bring considerations about the existing legal mechanisms in Brazilian Law that protect the preservation of cultural heritage. In the third and last part, in turn, a case study is made about the Leopoldina Railway Station, located in the municipality of Argolas, state of Espírito Santo, as well as the possible distances and approximations of the social reality found there with what is provided by law.(AU)

Este estudio aborda la importancia de preservar el patrimonio cultural brasileño, especialmente con respecto a la relevancia de dicho patrimonio para la formación de identidades individuales y colectivas de ciertos grupos sociales. Con este fin, la primera parte investiga cómo el patrimonio cultural y la antropología urbana son herramientas para comprender la formación de la memoria social. Memoria social que no escapa a las redes de poder y disputa narrativa de sus respectivos períodos históricos, a menudo se determina a partir de las narrativas de los pueblos o grupos minoritarios que representan. En la segunda parte traerá consideraciones sobre los mecanismos legales existentes en la Ley brasileña que protegen la preservación del patrimonio cultural. En la tercera y última parte, a su vez, se realiza un estudio de caso en la estación de tren de Leopoldina, ubicada en el municipio de Argolas, estado de Espírito Santo, así como las posibles distancias y aproximaciones de la realidad social que se encuentra allí con lo que es provisto por ley.(AU)

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RESUMEN En los últimos años, la práctica de los juegos y deportes tradicionales han ido perdiendo protagonismo en la sociedad. Por lo que una de las estrategias es convertirlos en Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial Nacional. El trabajo tuvo por objetivo reflexionar sobre la importancia de los diversos antecedentes sobre la declaratoria de Juegos y Deportes Tradicionales como Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial como alternativa válida para ser aplicable al caso de los pueblos amazónicos del Ecuador. Se realizó la revisión de la literatura científica mediante la búsqueda bibliográfica de la literatura, criterios de selección y evaluación de la calidad de los artículos seleccionados. Los juegos y deportes tradicionales considerados patrimonio cultural inmaterial contribuyen con la identidad y sentido de pertenencia que posee la comunidad, región o país. Además, inciden en el sector turístico a través de la exhibición de las prácticas lúdicas y deportivas. Diversos países contemplan un deporte tradicional como Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial como es el caso de: el hockey en Canadá, el palín en Chile, el juego de pelota en México y Guatemala, la lucha canaria, pelota vasca, pelota valenciana y lanzamiento de la barra aragonesa en España y carrera de pescado en Francia. En el contexto ecuatoriano, existen estudios que se limitan a abordar el concepto de juegos y deportes tradicionales y su tipología por regiones. Hasta el momento, se han realizado eventos deportivos a nivel nacional con la finalidad de promover la práctica de las actividades lúdicas y deportivas.

RESUMO Nos últimos anos, a prática de jogos e desportos tradicionais tem vindo a perder proeminência na sociedade. Por conseguinte, uma das estratégias é transformá-los em Património Cultural Intangível nacional. O objectivo deste trabalho é reflectir sobre a importância dos diversos antecedentes na declaração dos Jogos Tradicionais e Desportivos como Património Cultural Intangível como alternativa válida a ser aplicável ao caso dos Povos Amazónicos do Equador. A revisão da literatura científica foi realizada através da pesquisa bibliográfica da literatura, critérios de selecção, avaliação da qualidade dos artigos seleccionados. Os Jogos Tradicionais e Desportos considerados património cultural imaterial contribuem para a identidade e sentimento de pertença da comunidade, região ou país. Além disso, têm impacto no sector do turismo através da exposição de práticas recreativas e desportivas. Vários países consideram um desporto tradicional como Património Cultural Imaterial, como é o caso do: hóquei no Canadá, palín no Chile, pelota no México e Guatemala, luta livre canária, pelota basco, pelota valenciano e o atirador de bar aragonês em Espanha, e a corrida aos peixes em França. No contexto equatoriano, existem estudos que se limitam a abordar o conceito de Jogos Tradicionais e Desportos e a sua tipologia por região. Até agora, têm sido realizados eventos desportivos a nível nacional com o objectivo de promover a prática de actividades recreativas e desportivas.

ABSTRACT In recent years, the practice of traditional games and sports has been losing prominence in society. Therefore, one of the strategies is to convert them into National Intangible Cultural Heritage. The objective of this work was to reflect on the importance of the diverse antecedents on the declaration of Traditional Games and Sports as Intangible Cultural Heritage as a valid alternative to be applicable to the case of the Amazonian peoples of Ecuador. A review of the scientific literature was carried out by means of a bibliographic search of the literature, selection criteria and evaluation of the quality of the selected articles. Traditional games and sports considered intangible cultural heritage contribute to the identity and sense of belonging of the community, region or country. They also have an impact on the tourism sector through the exhibition of recreational and sporting practices. Several countries consider a traditional sport as Intangible Cultural Heritage, as is the case of field hockey in Canada, palín in Chile, pelota in Mexico and Guatemala, Canary Island wrestling, Basque pelota, Valencian pelota and the Aragonese bar toss in Spain, and the fish race in France. In the Ecuadorian context, there are studies that are limited to addressing the concept of traditional games and sports and their typology by region. So far, sporting events have been held at the national level with the aim of promoting the practice of recreational and sporting activities.