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Background: Assault weapon and large-capacity magazine bans are potential tools for policy makers to prevent public mass shootings. However, the efficacy of these bans is a continual source of debate. In an earlier study, we estimated the impact of the Federal Assault Weapons Ban (FAWB) on the number of public mass shooting events in the United States. This study provides an updated assessment with 3 additional years of firearm surveillance data to characterize the longer-term effects. Objective: This study aims to estimate the impact of the FAWB on trends in public mass shootings from 1966 to 2022. Methods: We used linear regression to estimate the impact of the FAWB on the 4-year simple moving average of annual public mass shootings, defined by events with 4 or more deaths in 24 hours, not including the perpetrator. The study period spans 1966 to 2022. The model includes indicator variables for both the FAWB period (1995-2004) and the period after its removal (2005-2022). These indicators were interacted with a linear time trend. Estimates were controlled for the national homicide rate. After estimation, the model provided counterfactual estimates of public mass shootings if the FAWB was never imposed and if the FAWB remained in place. Results: The overall upward trajectory in the number of public mass shootings substantially fell while the FAWB was in place. These trends are specific to events in which the perpetrator used an assault weapon or large-capacity magazine. Point estimates suggest the FAWB prevented up to 5 public mass shootings while the ban was active. A continuation of the FAWB and large-capacity magazine ban would have prevented up to 38 public mass shootings, but the CIs become wider as time moves further away from the period of the FAWB. Conclusions: The FAWB, which included a ban on large-capacity magazines, was associated with fewer public mass shooting events, fatalities, and nonfatal gun injuries. Gun control legislation is an important public health tool in the prevention of public mass shootings.

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Review of the literature with case illustration. Non-missile penetrating spinal injury (NPSI) represents a small subset of spinal cord injuries at tertiary trauma centers and is comprised mostly of knife violence. Strict guidelines for the management of penetrating spinal cord injury remain elusive given the variability of mechanisms, rarity of clinical experience, and paucity of prospective studies. A review of the literature was conducted by search of the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) in the English language through June of 2018. Additional articles were culled from the reference lists of the included series. Eleven case series totaling 1007 patients, along with 21 case reports, were identified. In summary, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be beneficial in assessing incomplete or progressive spinal injuries and can be considered with retained foreign bodies in select cases. Forty-eight hours of antibiotic prophylaxis is likely sufficient to prevent infection. Puncture wounds should be debrided, washed, and closed. Retained foreign bodies should be removed in the operating room and often require laminectomy. Early intervention is preferred. Non-missile penetrating spinal injury has a higher likelihood of neurologic recovery as compared to other traumatic spinal injuries.

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Criminal offenders often turn to social networks to gain access to firearms, yet we know little about how networks facilitate access to firearms. This study conducts a network analysis of a co-offending network for the City of Chicago to determine how close any offender may be to a firearm. We use arrest data to recreate the co-offending network of all individuals who were arrested with at least one other person over an eight-year period. We then use data on guns recovered by the police to measure potential network pathways of any individual to known firearms. We test the hypothesis that gangs facilitate access to firearms and the extent to which such access relates to gunshot injury among gang members. Findings reveal that gang membership reduces the potential network distance (how close someone is) to known firearms by 20% or more, and regression results indicate that the closer gang members are to guns, the greater their risk of gunshot victimization.

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As a variety of the industrial accidents, we have experienced the paint-gun injuries at ship yard. Authors have experienced 17 patients (18 cases) of the paint-gun injuries at Okpo Daewoo Hospital, Daewoo Medical Foundation, Kyungnam from January, 1986 to September, 1992. After clinical and roentgenographical analysis, the clinical results were summarized as follows: The hand was the most common site (83.3%) among the upper extremity injuries, espicially right hand and we have had good results from the extensive debridement, curettage, prophylactic antibiotics and the penrose drain insertion in extensive injury cases, compared with minimal injury cases. However, we concluded that most of the cases in Paint-injures were preventalbe.

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