RESUMEN

Most polymeric food packaging materials are non-biodegradable and derived from petroleum, thus recent studies have focused on evaluating alternative biodegradable materials from renewable sources, with polysaccharides and proteins as the main types of employed biopolymers. Therefore, this study aimed to develop biopolymeric films based on sunflower proteins and galactomannans from locust bean gum. The influence of the galactomannan amount (0.10%, 0.30%, 0.50%, and 0.75% w/v) on the physicochemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of cast sunflower protein-based films was studied. Sunflower proteins gave rise to yellowish, shining, and translucid films. With the incorporation of locust bean gum-derived galactomannans, the films became more brown and opaque, although they still maintained some translucency. Galactomannans significantly changed the proteins' secondary structures, giving rise to films with increased tensile resistance and stretchability. Nevertheless, the increase in the galactomannan amount did not have a significant effect on the film's thermal stability. The protein/galactomannan-based films showed values of water vapor and oxygen permeability that were slightly higher than those of the pristine materials. Overall, blending locust bean gum galactomannans with sunflower proteins was revealed to be a promising strategy to develop naturally colored and translucid films with enhanced mechanical resistance while maintaining flexibility, fitting the desired properties for biodegradable food packaging materials.

RESUMEN

Locust bean gum (LBG), a polysaccharide-based natural polymer, is being widely researched as an appropriate additive for various products, including food, gluten-free formulations, medicines, paper, textiles, oil well drilling, cosmetics, and medical uses. Drug delivery vehicles, packaging, batteries, and catalytic supports are all popular applications for biopolymer-based materials. This review discusses sustainable food packaging and drug delivery applications for LBG. Given the benefits of LBG polysaccharide as a source of dietary fiber, it is also being investigated as a potential treatment for many health disorders, including colorectal cancer, diabetes, and gastrointestinal difficulties. The flexibility of LBG polysaccharide allows it to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, a crucial characteristic of biomaterials, and the film-forming properties of LBG are critical for food packaging applications. The extraction process of LBG plays an important role in properties such as viscosity and gel-forming properties. Moreover, there are multiple factors such as temperature, pressure, pH, etc. The LBG-based functional composite film is effective in improving the shelf life as well as monitoring the freshness of fruits, meat and other processed food. The LBG-based hydrogel is excellent carrier of drugs and can be used for slow and sustainable release of active components present in drugs. Thus, the primary goal of this review was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the literature with a focus on the composition, properties, processing, food packaging, and medicine delivery applications of LBG polysaccharides. Thus, we investigated the chemical composition, extraction, and characteristics of LBG polysaccharides that underlie their applications in the food packaging and medicine delivery fields.

Asunto(s)

Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Embalaje de Alimentos , Galactanos , Mananos , Gomas de Plantas , Polisacáridos , Gomas de Plantas/química , Galactanos/química , Mananos/química , Embalaje de Alimentos/métodos , Polisacáridos/química , Humanos , Portadores de Fármacos/química

RESUMEN

Gleditsia fruits have been known as a valuable traditional Chinese herb for tens of centuries. Previous studies showed that the galactomannans are considered as one of the major bioactive components in Gleditsia fruits seeds (GSGs). Here, we systematically review the major studies of GSGs in recent years to promote their better understanding. The extraction methods of GSGs mainly include hot water extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasonic extraction, acid extraction, and alkali extraction. The analysis revealed that GGSs exhibited in the form of semi-flexible coils, and its molecular weight ranged from 0.018 × 103 to 2.778 × 103 KDa. GSGs are composed of various monosaccharide constituents such as mannose, galactose, glucose, and arabinose. In terms of pharmacological effects, GSGs exhibit excellent activity in antioxidation, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammation. Moreover, GSGs have excellent bioavailability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, which make them used in food additives, food packaging, pharmaceutical field, industry and agriculture. Of cause, the shortcomings of the current research and the potential development and future research are also highlighted. We believe our work provides comprehensive knowledge and underpinnings for further research and development of GSGs.

Asunto(s)

Galactosa , Gleditsia , Mananos , Semillas , Mananos/química , Mananos/aislamiento & purificación , Mananos/farmacología , Semillas/química , Galactosa/química , Galactosa/análogos & derivados , Gleditsia/química , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Hipolipemiantes/química , Hipolipemiantes/farmacología , Hipolipemiantes/aislamiento & purificación

RESUMEN

We present a detailed characterisation of locust bean gum (LBG), an industrially significant galactomannan, utilising asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) and light scattering. Molecular weight and size determination of galactomannans is complicated by their tendency to aggregate, even in dilute solutions; AF4 allows us to confirm the presence of aggregates, separate these from well-dispersed polymer, and characterise both fractions. For the dispersed polymer, we find Mw=9.2×105 g mol-1 and Rg,z=82.1 nm; the distribution follows Flory scaling (Rg∼Mν) with ν∼ 0.63, indicating good solvent conditions. The aggregate fraction exhibited radii of up to 1000 nm and masses of up to 3×1010 g mol-1. Furthermore, we demonstrate how both fractions are influenced by changes to filtration procedure and solvent conditions. Notably, a 200 nm nylon membrane effectively removes the aggregated fraction; we present a concentration-dependent investigation of solutions following this protocol, using static and dynamic light scattering, which reveals additional weak aggregation in these unfractionated samples. Overall, we demonstrate that AF4 is highly suited to LBG characterisation, providing structural information for both well-dispersed and aggregated fractions, and expect the methods employed to apply similarly to other galactomannans and associating polymer systems.

RESUMEN

Low-molecular-weight-galactomannan (LMW-GM) is an edible polysaccharide with various biological activities. However, it is used in the field of neuroprotection. In this study, two types of LMW-GMs from Sesbania cannabina were obtained by gluconic acid extraction (GA-LMW-GM) and enzymatic hydrolysis (GMOS). The structure of GA-LMW-GM and GMOS were identified using different nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The antioxidant and neuroprotective activities of GA-LMW-GM and GMOS were evaluated in vitro/vivo. The results showed that both GA-LMW-GM and GMOS possess good free radicals scavenging ability in vitro with IC50 values of 1.9 mg/mL and 4.9 mg/mL for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals 2.8 mg/mL and 4.4 mg/mL for O2•- radicals, respectively. However, GA-LMW-GM was more effective at scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo and protecting the fundamental growth (with a recovery capability of 62.5%) and locomotor functions (with recovery capability of 193.7%) of zebrafish with neurological damage induced by Bisphenol AF.

Asunto(s)

Sesbania , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Peso Molecular , Neuroprotección , Sesbania/química , Pez Cebra

RESUMEN

Non-invasive routes for insulin delivery are emerging as alternatives to currently painful subcutaneous injections. For pulmonary delivery, formulations may be in powdered particle form, using carriers such as polysaccharides to stabilise the active principle. Roasted coffee beans and spent coffee grounds (SCG) are rich in polysaccharides, namely galactomannans and arabinogalactans. In this work, the polysaccharides were obtained from roasted coffee and SCG for the preparation of insulin-loaded microparticles. The galactomannan and arabinogalactan-rich fractions of coffee beverages were purified by ultrafiltration and separated by graded ethanol precipitations at 50% and 75%, respectively. For SCG, galactomannan-rich and arabinogalactan-rich fractions were recovered by microwave-assisted extraction at 150 °C and at 180 °C, followed by ultrafiltration. Each extract was spray-dried with insulin 10% (w/w). All microparticles had a raisin-like morphology and average diameters of 1-5 µm, which are appropriate for pulmonary delivery. Galactomannan-based microparticles, independently of their source, released insulin in a gradual manner, while arabinogalactan-based ones presented a burst release. The microparticles were seen to be non-cytotoxic for cells representative of the lung, specifically lung epithelial cells (A549) and macrophages (Raw 264.7) up to 1 mg/mL. This work shows how coffee can be a sustainable source of polysaccharide carriers for insulin delivery via the pulmonary route.

RESUMEN

In this study, structural characteristics of Fenugreek (FG), Guar (GG), Locust bean (LBG), and Tara gums (TG) and their influence on physicochemical properties of corn starch (CS) gels were investigated. Results showed that FG presented a rigid rod structure, and GG, LBG, and TG showed an extended structure. The Mannose/Galactose (Man/Gal) ratio of FG, GG, LBG, and TG was 1.37, 1.96, 2.99, and 3.46, respectively. The molecular weight (Mw) of FG, GG, LBG, and TG was 0.89 × 106, 2.71 × 106, 3.61 × 106, and 2.77 × 106 Da, respectively. The structure-function relationship indicated that galactomannans with a high Man/Gal ratio and extended structure presented a higher apparent viscosity, formed gel more easily, and could limit retrogradation and improve freeze-thaw stability and textural profile of CS gels. Consequently, the results could be beneficial for the application of galactomannans in starch-based foods to improve their sensory characteristics and storage quality.

Asunto(s)

Almidón , Zea mays , Galactosa/análogos & derivados , Geles/química , Humanos , Mananos/química , Almidón/química , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Viscosidad , Zea mays/química

RESUMEN

Locust bean gum (LBG), a vegetable galactomannan extracted from carob tree seeds, is extensively used in the food industry as a thickening agent (E410). Its molecular conformation in aqueous solutions determines its solubility and rheological performance. LBG is an interesting polysaccharide also because of its synergistic behavior with other biopolymers (xanthan gum, carrageenan, etc.). In addition, this hydrocolloid is easily modified by derivatization or crosslinking. These LBG-related products, besides their applications in the food industry, can be used as encapsulation and drug delivery devices, packaging materials, batteries, and catalyst supports, among other biopharmaceutical and industrial uses. As the new derivatized or crosslinked polymers based on LBG are mainly biodegradable and non-toxic, the use of this polysaccharide (by itself or combined with other biopolymers) will contribute to generating greener products, considering the origin of raw materials used, the modification procedures selected and the final destination of the products.

Asunto(s)

Productos Biológicos , Verduras , Galactanos , Gomas de Plantas , Mananos , Coloides

Asunto(s)

Flavonoles , Hidrogeles , Disponibilidad Biológica , Estudios Cruzados

RESUMEN

Enzymatic hydrolysis using ß-mannanase and α-galactosidase is necessary to produce low molecular weight galactomannan (LMW-GM) from galactomannans (GM) in the leguminous seeds. In this study, different ratios of avicel and melibiose were used as the inductors (carbon sources) for Trichoderma reesei to metabolize the enzyme cocktail containing ß-mannanase and α-galactosidase using one-pot fermentation technology. The obtained enzyme cocktail was used to efficiently produce LMW-GM from GM in Sesbania cannabina seeds. Results showed that 15 g/L avicel and 10 g/L melibiose were the best carbon sources to prepare enzyme cocktail containing ß-mannanase and α-galactosidase with activities of 3.69 ± 0.27 U/mL and 0.51 ± 0.02 U/mL, respectively. Specifically, melibiose could effectively induce the metabolite product of α-galactosidase by T. reesei, which showed good performance in degrading the galactose substituent from GM backbone. The degradation of galactose alleviated the spatial site-blocking effect for enzymatic hydrolysis by ß-mannanase and improved the yield of LMW-GM. This research can lay the foundation for the industrial technology amplification of LMW-GM production for further application.

Asunto(s)

Sesbania , beta-Manosidasa , Carbono , Celulosa/metabolismo , Fermentación , Galactosa/análogos & derivados , Hidrólisis , Mananos/metabolismo , Melibiosa , Peso Molecular , Semillas/metabolismo , Tecnología , alfa-Galactosidasa , beta-Manosidasa/metabolismo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Tara gum (TG) is characterized by its high viscosity and medium solubility, which is a result of its high molecular mass. However, for many applications, these characteristics are undesirable, making the use of TG infeasible. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of high-intensity ultrasound on the depolymerization of aqueous solutions of TG. The effect of ultrasonication was investigated by viscometry analysis as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and solubility. RESULTS: The intrinsic viscosity (η) and the molecular weight (Mw ) of TG decreased after ultrasound, achieving a molecular weight reduction of 13.50 × 105 g mol-1 after 60 min of sonication at 25 °C compared to 22.04 × 105 g mol-1 before treatment. Degradation kinetics were applied to estimate the rate constant of degradation (k). It was found that the k value of TG increased with increasing temperature from 25 to 55 °C. Partially hydrolyzed TG showed greater solubility at the two temperatures investigated (25 and 80 °C). Ultrasonic treatment did not change the chemical structure of the TG molecules according to the structural analysis by FTIR, confirming its action only as breaking the structure of the polymer. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound is a simple method for effectively reducing the molecular weight and viscosity and increasing the solubility of TG without using chemical reagents. The synthesis of partially hydrolyzed TG expands its potential for use in food products, including as a soluble dietary fiber. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Asunto(s)

Gomas de Plantas , Ultrasonido , Gomas de Plantas/química , Temperatura , Viscosidad , Agua/química

RESUMEN

Alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc), an antioxidant vitamin, has been widely prescribing in the treatment of infertility, in spite of its limited oral bioavailability. The present study describes the enhanced bioavailability and efficacy of a novel 'natural self-emulsifying reversible hydrogel' (N'SERH)-based oral delivery form of α-Toc-rich sunflower oil (Tα-fen) using fenugreek galactomannan hydrogel scaffold (hybrid-FENUMATTM ). Tα-fen was characterised by FTIR, SEM, TEM and DLS as a hybrid-hydrogel powder. The bioavailability study on thirty (n = 30) male Sprague Dawley rats randomised into two groups indicated 4.84-fold increase in the oral bioavailability when the formulation was provided at 15 mg/kg b. wt. of α-Toc by oral gavage. The efficacy study on 24 animals randomised into four groups as control, ethanol treated (4 mg/kg b. wt.), ethanol+unformulated, UTα (15 mg/kg b. wt.) and ethanol+formulation, Tα-fen (15 mg/kg b. wt.) revealed significant improvement (*p < 0.05) and reversal of alcohol-induced reproductive toxicity as evident from the enhanced sperm count, motility and viability parameters, testosterone levels, fructose content, and SDH activity and plasma antioxidant status among Tα-fen-treated rats, compared with unformulated, UTα-treated group. Histopathology further confirmed the reversal of the alterations in the testes morphology of Tα-fen-treated animals, indicating its promising potential in the treatment of reproductive health issues.

Asunto(s)

Hidrogeles , Tocoferoles , Administración Oral , Animales , Antioxidantes , Disponibilidad Biológica , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley

RESUMEN

The influence of the concentration (5-20 mg/mL) of different cosolutes (sucrose and NaCl) on the rheological and thermal properties of concentrated Tara gum (TG) solutions (1.5-2.5% w/v) was investigated. Furthermore, the structural properties of the TG, TG-sucrose and TG-NaCl solutions were studied. The TG, TG-sucrose and TG-NaCl solutions exhibited a pseudoplastic and typical viscoelastic behavior of an entangled network structure. An increase in the TG concentration increased the pseudoplasticity and the elasticity of the solutions, while the incorporation of NaCl reduced these properties. Sucrose had little influence on the rheological properties of the TG solutions. The texture profile and the water holding capacity of the TG solutions were significantly influenced by the concentration of the TG and did not change with the addition of the cosolutes. The thermal stability of the TG solutions was reduced by NaCl and was not altered by sucrose. The microstructures of the TG solutions was significantly affected by NaCl, supporting the results obtained from rheological and thermal analyses. The results of this study may be useful for the formulation and processing of foods containing TG.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Patients with severe viral pneumonia are likely to receive high-dose immunomodulatory drugs to prevent clinical worsening. Aspergillus species have been described as frequent secondary pneumonia agents in severely ill influenza patients receiving steroids. COVID-19 patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are receiving steroids as part of their treatment and they share clinical characteristics with other patients with severe viral pneumonias. COVID-19 patients receiving steroids should be considered a putative risk group of invasive aspergillosis. CASE REPORT: We are reporting a SARS-CoV-2/Aspergillus section Fumigati coinfection in an elderly intubated patient with a history of pulmonary embolism treated with corticosteroids. The diagnosis was made following the ad hoc definitions described for patients admitted to ICU with severe influenza, including clinical criteria (fever for 3 days refractory to the appropriate antibiotic therapy, dyspnea, pleural friction rub, worsening of respiratory status despite antibiotic therapy and need of ventilator support), a radiological criterion (pulmonary infiltrate) and a mycological criterion (several positive galactomannan tests on serum with ratio ≥0.5). In addition, Aspergillus section Fumigati DNA was found in serum and blood samples. These tests were positive 4 weeks after the patient was admitted to the ICU. The patient received voriconazole and after two month in ICU his respiratory status improved; he was discharged after 6 weeks of antifungal treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Severely ill COVID-19 patients would be considered a new aspergillosis risk group. Galactomannan and Aspergillus DNA detection would be useful methods for Aspergillus infection diagnosis as they allow avoiding the biosafety issues related to these patients.

Asunto(s)

Aspergillus fumigatus/aislamiento & purificación , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , COVID-19/complicaciones , Coinfección/diagnóstico , Inmunocompetencia , Inmunosupresores/efectos adversos , Aspergilosis Pulmonar Invasiva/complicaciones , Metilprednisolona/efectos adversos , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación , Acetaminofén/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/microbiología , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/terapia , COVID-19/virología , Prueba de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19 , Coinfección/microbiología , Coinfección/terapia , Coinfección/virología , Terapia Combinada , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Quimioterapia Combinada , Enoxaparina/uso terapéutico , Galactosa/análogos & derivados , Humanos , Hidroxicloroquina/uso terapéutico , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Intubación Intratraqueal , Aspergilosis Pulmonar Invasiva/diagnóstico , Aspergilosis Pulmonar Invasiva/microbiología , Aspergilosis Pulmonar Invasiva/terapia , Masculino , Mananos/sangre , Metilprednisolona/uso terapéutico , Nasofaringe/virología , Neumonía por Mycoplasma/diagnóstico , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/aislamiento & purificación , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Respiración Artificial , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Tráquea/microbiología

RESUMEN

Galactomannans (GM), such as guar gum (GG) and locust bean gum (LBG), are extensively used as a thickening agent in the food industry. In this work, the physical, rheological, and structural properties of GG and LBG agglomerated via a fluidized bed agglomerator with different concentrations of maltodextrin (MD) binder were investigated. Agglomerated GM at 40 % MD showed lower Carr index and Hausner ratio, indicating better flowability and lower cohesiveness. The GG showed larger particle sizes than LBG, which was confirmed via SEM images and size distribution profiles. The GM with MD exhibited improved rheological properties. The GG showed lower tan δ values than LBG, indicating the enhancement of their elastic properties. Results exhibit that the physical, rheological, and structural properties of GM can be greatly affected by their agglomerate growths during fluidized bed agglomeration of particles with varying concentrations of MD binder as well as the type of gum.

Asunto(s)

Galactanos/química , Mananos/química , Gomas de Plantas/química , Polisacáridos/química , Reología , Elasticidad , Galactosa/análogos & derivados , Ensayo de Materiales , Tamaño de la Partícula , Porosidad , Polvos , Viscosidad

RESUMEN

Vitamin D3 plays a fundamental role in human health; however, it is highly susceptible to environmental conditions and the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, complex coacervates obtained from gelatin A and carboxymethyl tara gum (CMTG) were used as wall materials for the encapsulation of vitamin D3 (VD3). Zeta potential and turbidity measurements were employed to optimize the pH and ratio (gelatin A:CMTG), and the results showed that the ideal conditions for the complex coacervation were pH 4.0 and a 6:1 ratio. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) was determined as a function of the total concentration of biopolymers (TC%) and the core-to-wall ratio, and the greatest EE (80%) was achieved at a TC of 1% and a ratio of 1:2; spherical particles with an average size of 0.25 µm were obtained. The microencapsulation increased the thermal stability of VD3, and FTIR confirmed the presence of the biopolymers and VD3 in the capsules. An in vitro simulation showed a more pronounced release in the small intestine with a vitamin bioaccessibility of 56%. The encapsulation of bioactive lipophilic compounds by complex coacervates of gelatin A and CMTG resulted in improved stability and prolonged release during digestion.

Asunto(s)

Colecalciferol/química , Gelatina/química , Gomas de Plantas/química , Cápsulas , Humanos

RESUMEN

All coffee brews are prepared with roasted coffee and water, giving origin to espresso, instant, or filtered coffee, exhibiting distinct physicochemical properties, depending on the extraction conditions. The different relative content of compounds in the brews modulates coffee body, aroma, and colour. In this study it was hypothesized that a coffee infusion allows to obtain extracts that resemble espresso coffee (EC) physicochemical properties. Carbohydrates (content and composition) were the target compounds as they are organoleptically important for EC due to their association to foam stability and viscosity. The freeze-drying of the extracts allowed better dissolution properties than spray-drying. Instant coffee powders were obtained with chemical overall composition resembling espresso, although with lower lipids content. The extracts were able to produce the characteristic foam through CO2 injection or salts addition. Their redissolution at espresso concentration allowed a viscosity, foamability and volatile profile representative of an espresso coffee, opening new exploitation possibilities.

Asunto(s)

Carbohidratos/análisis , Café/química , Carbohidratos/química , Dióxido de Carbono/química , Coffea/química , Coffea/metabolismo , Liofilización , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Extractos Vegetales/química , Análisis de Componente Principal , Viscosidad , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/química , Agua

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Injection of Hylan G-F20 (HY) into joints may provoke local flares, which mechanisms may involve reaction to protein contaminants. We have previously developed a protein-free saline-soluble galactomannan derived from guar gum (GM) that displays both analgesia and chondroprotection in experimental osteoarthritis (OA). We now demonstrate that both GM and Hylan G-F20 (HY) promote mild synovitis with cytokine release after intra-articular injection. METHODS: Mice received 100 µg/25 µL GM or HY or saline into the knees. Joint pain was evaluated using von Frey test; cell influx, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and CXCL-1 (pg/mL) levels were assessed in joint lavage at 6 h. Synovia were excised for histopathology. RESULTS: Neither GM nor HY after being given into mice knee joints induced pain albeit promoting mild cell influx into joint washings as well as mild synovitis at histology, with no damage to the underlying cartilage. HY but not GM promoted IL-1 release into mice joints. Both compounds induced IL-6 and CXCL-1 release. CONCLUSION: Intra-articular injection of HY or GM promote acute transient synovitis whilst not provoking detectable significant joint damage. Local administration of these polysaccharides induces acute intra-articular release of inflammatory cytokines, which may account for joint flares following viscosupplementation.

Asunto(s)

Ácido Hialurónico/análogos & derivados , Mananos/efectos adversos , Brote de los Síntomas , Sinovitis/etiología , Viscosuplementos/efectos adversos , Enfermedad Aguda , Animales , Artralgia/diagnóstico , Movimiento Celular , Quimiocina CXCL1/metabolismo , Femenino , Galactosa/análogos & derivados , Ácido Hialurónico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Hialurónico/efectos adversos , Inyecciones Intraarticulares , Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Articulación de la Rodilla/efectos de los fármacos , Articulación de la Rodilla/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Líquido Sinovial , Sinovitis/metabolismo , Sinovitis/patología , Viscosuplementos/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) allows to quickly achieve soluble compounds from solid matrices due to the promotion of temperatures higher than the solvent (atmospheric) boiling point, once a closed-vessel system is used for operating at high pressure. In this study, the feasibility of MAE for producing high yield coffee extracts with properties that allow their commercial application was tested through a quality by design approach. It was studied the influence of time of extraction (1, 5.5, 10 min), temperature (120, 150, 180 °C) and the mass-to-volume (m/V) ratio (2, 4, 6 g/60 mL) in the overall extraction yield (24-47%, w/w), carbohydrates content (18-43%, w/w), sugars composition, caffeine (4-7%, w/w), 5-caffeoylquinic acid (1-2%, w/w), colour and antioxidant activity of the extracts. FTIR analysis was used to study the resemblance of coffee extracts and commercial instant coffee. MAE allowed overall extraction yields considerably higher than the home brewing methods, mainly when performed at 180 °C, with a substantial increase in arabinogalactans (AG) extraction associated to higher temperatures. Temperature exerted a crucial role in coffee extracts differentiation, although time and m/V ratio also lead to different values in the responses. Under a circular economy concept, MAE was able to produce extracts that can be used as defined food/brew ingredients and provides a galactomannan and cellulose rich residue that can also be valued as a source of dietary fibre.

Asunto(s)

Fraccionamiento Químico/métodos , Coffea/química , Microondas , Extractos Vegetales/química , Antioxidantes , Cafeína/química , Café/química , Color , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Quínico/química , Azúcares/química

RESUMEN

Spent coffee grounds are wastes generated annually worldwide in significantly large amounts in the soluble coffee industry and in household and commercial beverage preparation. Although spent coffee grounds are rich in several classes of compounds, predominantly polysaccharides, profitable applications have not yet been effectively implemented for such wastes. Thus, it was the aim of this study to verify the feasibility of producing biopolymeric films from the polysaccharide-rich fraction of spent coffee grounds, obtained by alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment of the coffee waste. Produced films were characterized for their physicochemical, barrier and mechanical properties and these properties were comparable to those of similar polysaccharides films from the literature.