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BACKGROUND: COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is an infectious disease which led to a pandemic. Social isolation was therefore adopted as the main measure to prevent contamination and maintain public health. Some changes can occur in stress levels, sleep quality, dietary consumption, and mood (such as levels of anxiety and depression). The aim of this study is to describe the association and prediction between social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression, and food consumption self-reported. METHODS: This cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive study, with a non-probabilistic sample design for convenience, was carried out with 1,004 Brazilians, aged between 18 and 85 years old, from August to December 2020. A virtual questionnaire was applied on socioeconomic and lifestyle data, changing in food consumption, and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) self-reported. The data were analyzed applying the chi-square test for comparison between male and female, and a linear regression was applied to explore associations and predictions of variables that may be strongly associated, using anxiety, depression and stress as dependent and self-reported changes in food consumption. The strength of association of each category of independent variables on the levels of change in food consumption was estimated using ß coefficient and 95%CI, in the SPSS software (version 26.0). RESULTS: Although most declared that consumption remained the same, a small important increase was detected in some groups such as bread, pasta, potatoes, cassava. The consumption of plant-based foods remained unchanged according to the data collected. An increase of 13.25% of sugar sweetened beverages, 23.51% of alcoholic beverages, 37.25% of added of sugar, and 20.42% of fast foods was self-reported, and 52.7% stopped or reduced the practice of physical activity. The self-reported level of stress, anxiety, and depression reached 38.8%, 40.90% and 32.90. Changes in food consumption to predict stress, anxiety or depression symptoms were observed in relation to decrease red meat, fish, chicken, eggs, dairy, vegetables, legumes, and fruits, to increased consumption were associated to dairy, fats, sugar sweetened beverages, and fast foods. CONCLUSIONS: A remarkable increase in Fast foods and alcoholic beverages were observed. Carbohydrate-rich foods was associated to stress, and anxiety symptoms. The same was observed in increase of caloric foods such as fats, sugar sweetened beverages, and fast foods. Besides the decrease of proteins, vitamins, and fibers sources foods had a strength association with stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms.

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The study aimed to evaluate consumers' perception of self-service foods' nutrition labels. This qualitative and quantitative assessment was performed with potential consumers at food services. Four food labeling formats, traditional, simplified, traffic-light, and warning, were proposed to evaluate three types of sandwiches: simple, chicken, and hamburger. Data were collected via an online survey from April to May 2020. The study included 413 subjects. The respondents preferred the traffic-light format, but there was a good understanding and acceptability of all four models. The traffic-light and warning nutrition labeling models, which showed health warnings, led to a reduction in the choice of the Simple Sandwich and the Hamburger. Most respondents (96.1%, n = 397) agreed that it is necessary to complement the information on food labels with ingredients and the number of calories per serving. Therefore, it is essential to have legislation regulating such issues. Consumers' choices improved with the increase in the information placed on the products. This research demonstrated that nutrition labels explain what exists currently and that consumers require such information. Thus, food labeling may positively influence consumers' choices.

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The Genome-based Mexican (GENOMEX) diet is a strategy for preventing and managing obesity. Emotion and eating behavior in the context of a nutrigenetic intervention have not been thoroughly studied. We aimed to explore the influence of the GENOMEX diet on emotions, self-efficacy, and rewarding behaviors in unhealthy eating among subjects with risk factors for obesity-related chronic diseases. Twenty-eight subjects included in the six-month GENOMEX intervention answered questions regarding emotions that influence food consumption. Additionally, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Reward-based eating drive scale (RED) were applied. In the study, minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depression were present in 46.4%, 39.3%, 10.7%, and 3.6%, respectively. RED did not change, but it correlated with a higher intake of fats (r2 = 0.684, ß = 2.066, p = 0.003). Mood influenced unhealthy eating in 71.7% of subjects, and 76.9% experienced binge episodes triggered by anxiety. Sugars were the most consumed foods during binge episodes (42.2%). Both low self-efficacy levels and binge episodes were associated with high consumption of unhealthy foods. After the intervention, 10.7% of subjects reported a high level of self-efficacy. In conclusion, a culturally acceptable and genetically compatible regional Mexican food diet reduced negative emotions and unhealthy eating while increasing self-efficacy.

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The Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) was applied to assess the motivations for daily food choices and associated factors in a Brazilian sample. Data were collected from January to July 2019 from 525 individuals over 18 years old recruited face-to-face in different places (e.g., university, public squares, health posts), using a convenient, intentional, and reasoned sampling. In addition to the FCQ, socioeconomic data were collected from printed questionnaires. Answers were given using a seven-point scale, ranging from (1) strongly disagree to (7) strongly agree. After Confirmatory factor analysis led to the rejection of the original FCQ structure, exploratory factor analysis was performed. Eight factors were extracted and named: nutritional composition, mood, health, sensory appeal, price, preparation convenience, familiarity, and purchase convenience. Other analyses were performed and led to a previously published discussion about food choice criteria hierarchy and associated factors. Researchers and practitioners can further use data from this survey in science and practice. These data can be useful for product development, nutritional counseling, and public health policies development. Furthermore, the FCQ is a widely used instrument, and comparisons between results obtained in different samples can bring meaningful contributions to the study of consumer behavior.

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Dexamethasone (Dexa) is a potent glucocorticoid that can trigger side effects, such as neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and gastric motility disorders. Exercise can ameliorate gastrointestinal disorders. However, it is not clear whether exercise can modulate the side effects of using Dexa on gastric motility. To investigate the role of anaerobic resistance training (ART) on gastric motility and feeding behavior of rats treated with dexamethasone, rats were divided into three groups: control (Ctrl), dexamethasone (Dexa), and anaerobic resistance training + dexamethasone (ARTDexa). Anaerobic resistance training (ART) consisted of climbing a vertical ladder 5 days/week (with intensity of 50% to 100% of the maximum overload/8 weeks). At the end of the ART or control period, the rats received Dexa (1 mg/kg i.p) for 10 consecutive days. In the end, we evaluated anthropometric parameters and feeding behavior, heart rate, gastric emptying, and lipid profile in all groups. We observed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in body weight and food intake in the Dexa and ARTDexa groups compared to the control. Dexa promoted significant tachycardia (p < 0.05) and a decrease (p < 0.05) in the r-r' interval. The ART significantly prevented (p < 0.05) cardiovascular effects. Dexa induced a decrease (p < 0.05) in gastric emptying compared to the control group. On the other hand, ART significantly prevented (p < 0.05) the decrease in gastric emptying compared to Dexa. The chronic use of Dexa caused tachycardia, decreased food intake, and decreased gastric emptying. The ART modulated cardiovascular parameters, improving tachycardia. In addition, this exercise prevented gastric dysmotility induced by dexamethasone.

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As pessoas vêm se preocupando com a saúde e a alimentação cada dia mais. O número de pessoas que se declara vegetariana no Brasil é cerca de 14% da população, o que já é uma preocupação para a indústria de alimentos. Com essa alta demanda pela busca de produtos de origem vegetal, se viu a necessidade de inovar trazendo produtos fontes de proteína vegetal, os quais estão disponíveis no mercado, mas não são muito facilmente encontrados ou se não, possuem um valor bem alto se comparado aos produtos de origem animal. Visando a solução deste problema, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma barrinha fonte de proteína a base de vegetais. Ao final da realização da receita, foi desenvolvida uma tabela nutricional contendo informações a respeito da sua composição de acordo com a RDC 359. Foram feitas tabelas de comparação dos teores de carboidratos, proteínas, gorduras totais, gorduras saturadas, gorduras trans, fibra e sódio. A barrinha desenvolvida atingiu níveis adequados de proteínas, carboidratos e um teor significativo de fibras e cálcio

People are worrying about health and food more and more. The number of people who declare themselves vegetarian in Brazil is about 14% of the population, which is already a concern for the food industry. With this high demand for the search for products of vegetable origin, there was a need to innovate by bringing products that are sources of vegetable protein, which are available on the market, but are not very easily found or, if not, have a very high value compared to animal products. Aiming at solving this problem, the present work aimed to develop a vegetable-based protein source bar. At the end of the recipe, a nutritional table was developed containing information about its composition in accordance with RDC 359. Tables were made comparing the levels of carbohydrates, proteins, total fats, saturated fats, trans fats, fiber and sodium. The developed bar reached adequate levels of proteins, carbohydrates and a significant content of fiber and calcium

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In May 2020, Uruguay was one of the few Latin American countries that had managed to control the outbreak of COVID-19 without mandatory curfews or quarantines. However, several social distancing measures created a major disruption in different aspects of the daily life of Uruguayan citizens. In this context, the objectives of the present work were i) to identify changes in eating habits perceived by Uruguayan citizens as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, and ii) to explore factors associated with different perceived changes on eating habits. A cross-sectional online study was conducted with 891 participants, recruited using an advertisement on Facebook and Instagram. Fifty-one percent of the participants indicated that their eating habits had changed since the detection of the first cases of COVID-19 in Uruguay. Large heterogeneity in the categorization of the changes existed: 45% of the participants regarded the changes as positive, 32% as negative and 23% as neither positive nor negative. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to study the influence of explanatory variables in the likelihood of belonging to groups who reported different changes in eating habits (no changes, positive, negative, or neither positive nor negative changes). Household income and reliance on instrumental and emotional support increased the likelihood of reporting positive changes in eating habits, whereas negative changes were associated with a reduction in household income due to COVID-19 and the coping strategies self-distraction and self-blaming. Insights for policy making to reinforce positive effects and minimize threats to healthy eating are discussed.

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Objetivo ­ Analisar o estado nutricional e o padrão alimentar de alunos matriculados na rede de ensino em alguns municípios do estado de São Paulo. Métodos ­ Para elaboração deste estudo foram coletados dados como hábitos alimentares, peso e altura por meio de um formulário online preenchido pelos responsáveis de crianças em idade escolar, de 7 a 11 anos. Os dados antropométricos foram analisados através de cálculos necessários para obtenção de classificações de IMC/idade, peso/idade e estatura/idade. Resultados ­ No total, foram incluídas 31 crianças. Foi observada uma prevalência de obesidade em 22,6 % das crianças e um déficit de estatura em relação a idade em 9,7%. Também foi possível observar uma alta coexistência de hábitos saudáveis e não saudáveis e uma média de refeições entre 4 a5 refeições ao dia. Conclusão ­ Dessa maneira podemos concluir valores de prevalência de obesidade infantil encontram-se elevados e semelhantes a resultados apresentados em outras regiões do Brasil

Objective ­ To analyze the nutritional status and the nutritional habits of the students (children) enrolled at a few public schools in some cities across the São Paulo state. Methods ­ For the elaboration of this study, anthropometric data of school-age children from ages 7 to 11 years, such as height and weight, will be collected and analyzed through formulas to obtain the classifications according IMC/age, weight/age, height/age. Results ­ It was shown a prevalence of obesity in 22,6% of the children and a height déficit in relation to respective age in 9,7%, also it was possible to observe a high correlation between healthy and non healthy nutricional habits and a average number of meals per day between 4-5. Conclusion ­ Therefore, it was possible to conclude that the prevalence of childhood obesity are currently high and similar to the results found in other regions of Brazil

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O vegetarianismo é uma prática que exclui carnes e pode evitar outros produtos de origem animal. Esta última modalidade está muito associada ao veganismo, uma filosofia que defende a libertação animal. Aderir a tais condições implica no seguimento de algumas normas que norteiam comportamentos alimentares e interações sociais. Partindo desse pressuposto, objetivou-se avaliar o nível de concordância, entre vegetarianos e veganos, quanto a regras que descrevem comportamentos alimentares. A pesquisa contou com 398 participantes, sendo 198 não estritos e 200 estritos, que responderam a um questionário on-line autoaplicável. Os dados, analisados via teste t, apontaram maiores níveis de concordância com comportamentos mais restritos entre vegetarianos estritos e veganos os quais também relataram maior embasamento em valores. Este estudo, que trouxe uma ótica de análise para os comportamentos alimentares em termos de localização de reforços, pode contribuir com novas práticas em saúde direcionadas às pessoas vegetarianas e veganas. (AU)

Vegetarianism is a practice that excludes meat and can avoid other products of animal origin. This latter modality is closely associated with veganism, a philosophy that advocates animal liberation. Adherence to these conditions implies following some norms that guide eating behaviors and social interactions. Based on this assumption, we aimed to evaluate the agreement level, between vegetarians and vegans, regarding rules that describe food behaviors. The survey included 398 participants, 198 non-strict and 200 strict vegetarians, who answered a self-administered online questionnaire. The data, analyzed by t-test, showed higher agreement level with more restricted behaviors between strict vegetarians and vegans, who also reported a higher base on values. This study, which provided an analysis perspective on eating behaviors in terms of reinforcement location, may contribute to new health practices aimed at vegetarians and vegans. (AU)

El vegetarianismo es una práctica que excluye carnes y también puede evitar otros productos de origen animal de la alimentación. Esta última modalidad está muy asociada al veganismo, una filosofía que defiende la liberación animal. Adherirse a tales condiciones implica el seguimiento de algunas normas que guían los comportamientos alimentarios e interacciones sociales. A partir de esta suposición, el objetivo fue evaluar el nivel de acuerdo, entre vegetarianos y veganos, en cuanto a las reglas que describen conductas alimentarias. La encuesta contó con 398 participantes, siendo 198 no estrictos y 200 estrictos, que respondieron a un cuestionario online autoaplicable. Los datos, analizados vía test T, señalaron mayores niveles de acuerdo con comportamientos más restringidos entre vegetarianos estrictos y veganos, los cuales también señalaron una mayor base en los valores. Este estudio, que trae una óptica de análisis para los comportamientos alimentarios en términos de localización de refuerzos, puede contribuir con nuevas prácticas en salud dirigidas a personas vegetarianas y veganas. (AU)

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BACKGROUND: Bus drivers are exposed to unique working conditions. The behavioral and health trends of these workers should be investigated. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of abdominal obesity and associated lifestyle factors in bus drivers in a city in Southern Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 103 bus drivers with mean age of 41 years (±8.5) was conducted. Abdominal obesity was measured through waist circumference using anthropometric tape. To evaluate the different lifestyle domains, the Brazilian version of the Canadian Fantastic Lifestyle questionnaire was used. To check the association between abdominal obesity and lifestyle, binary logistic regression was used, with odds ratio (OR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: It was verified that 26.3% of drivers had abdominal obesity. In addition, bus drivers who had inadequate lifestyle in the "Nutrition" and "Type of behavior" domains were, respectively, 3.6 (95% CI: 1.3-9.5, p = 0.01) and 2.6 times (95% CI: 1.1-6.7; p = 0.04) more likely of having abdominal obesity when compared to those adequate in these lifestyle domains. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one in four drivers had abdominal obesity and the "Nutrition" and "Type of Behavior" domains were associated with abdominal obesity.

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Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Japanese beetle, is a polyphagous pest of many crops. In these crops, including apple, it acts primarily as a defoliator, causing economic damages. The objectives were to determine the ability of P. japonica to injury fruits of SweeTango variety apples and the suitability of apple fruits as a food source for this beetle. Popillia japonica was not able to injure the surface of intact fruits, which means that it is not a primary pest for apple fruits. The lifespan of the beetles when fed soybean leaves or apple with exposed endocarp was similar. Observations of the feces of the beetles suggest a potential physiological response due the change of food from soybean leaves to apple fruits. Therefore, we can conclude that the adults should not be considered as primary pests of apple fruits; however, they may act as secondary pests if the endocarp of the fruits is exposed by some other agent.

Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), besouro japonês, é uma praga polífaga de muitas culturas. Nessas culturas, incluindo maçãs, ela atua como um desfolhador, causando danos econômicos. Os objetivos foram determinar a capacidade de P. japonica produzir lesões em maçãs da variedade SweeTango e a adequação da maçã como fonte alimentar para esse besouro. Popillia japonica não foi capaz de lesionar a superfície das maçãs intactas, o que significa que ela não é uma praga primária para maçãs. O tempo de vida desse besouro alimentado com folhas de soja ou maçã com endocarpo exposto foi semelhante. Observações das fezes desse besouro sugere uma potencial resposta fisiológica devido a troca de alimento de folhas de soja para as maçãs. Desta forma, nós podemos concluir que os adultos não devem ser considerados como pragas primárias de maçãs; entretanto elas podem atuar como praga secundária se o endocarpo da fruta for exposto pela ação de outra agente.

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Este artigo apresenta uma discussão teórica sobre a complexidade da alimentação e a tomada de decisão do comedor na atualidade, a partir da Teoria Familiar Sistêmica de Bowen. Propõe-se um diálogo entre a biologia, a epigenética, a psicologia, a antropologia e a sociologia, de forma a esclarecer a complexidade da prática alimentar no contexto social e no desenvolvimento humano. Tal complexidade deve ser levada em conta quando se trata da prevenção e do tratamento da obesidade e de transtornos alimentares. Isso porque o comportamento alimentar está intimamente ligado aos processos de pertencimento e individuação nas famílias, sofre influência da dinâmica familiar e das pressões socioculturais e econômicas, e desempenha um papel confortador frente à ansiedade e ao estresse, podendo, inclusive, a depender da forma como é direcionado, acarretar alterações no funcionamento corporal. No cenário estressante atual, com os muitos desafios impostos às famílias, o uso da alimentação como alívio da ansiedade parece condizente com o aumento da obesidade. Dessa forma, estratégias que favoreçam a regulação emocional parecem ser o caminho mais efetivo para a prevenção e o tratamento do sintoma. A terapia boweniana mostra-se como uma alternativa condizente com essa proposta e pode contribuir para a melhoria das escolhas alimentares.(AU)

This article presents a discussion about the present food complexity and the eater's decision-making, based on Bowen family systems theory. It's proposed a conversation among biology, epigenetics, psychology, anthropology and sociology which is aimed at explaining the food practice complexity in the social context and human development. Thiscomplexity must be considered when talking about obesity and other eating disorders prevention and treatment, since eating behavior, belonging and individuality process are closely knit in families. Eating behavior is influenced by social, cultural and economic pressures besides family dynamic and it plays a comfort role in anxietyand stress. Depending on the eating behavior, the way the body works can change. In this current stressful scenario, full of family's challenges, the use of food as an anxiety relief seems to befit the obesity increase. Strategies that support emotional regulation seems to be the most effective way to prevent and treat obesity. Bowen Therapy is an alternative that befits this proposal and it can effectively contribute to improving people's food choices.(AU)

Este artículo presenta una discusión teórica sobre la complejidad de la alimentación y la toma de decisión del comedor en la actualidad, a partir de laTeoría Familiar sistémica de Bowen. Se propone un diálogo entre la biología, la epigenética, la psicología, la antropología y la sociología, para aclarar la complejidad de la práctica alimentaria en el contexto social y en el desarrollo humano. Esta complejidad debe tenerse en cuenta a la hora de prevenir y tratar la obesidad y los trastornos alimentarios. Esto se debe a que el comportamiento alimentario está íntimamente ligado a los procesos de pertenencia e individualización en las familias, sufre influencia de la dinámica familiar y de las presiones socioculturales y económicas, y desempeña un papel reconfortante frente a la ansiedad y el estrés, incluso, dependiendo de la forma en que se dirige, puede producir cambios en el funcionamiento corporal. En el escenario estresante actual, con los muchos desafíos impuestos a las familias, el uso de la alimentación como alivio de la ansiedad parece acorde con el aumento de la obesidad. De esta forma, estrategias que favorezcan la regulación emocional parecen ser el camino más efectivo para la prevención y el tratamiento del síntoma. La terapia boweniana se presenta como una alternativa acorde con esa propuesta y puede contribuir a la mejora de las opciones alimentarias.(AU)

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Abstract Aims: To understand how participating in a Nutrition & Health Education program (NHEP) affected the way rhythm gymnasts and their coaches perceive their food practices. Methods: Qualitative study portraying a case study of a NHEP specifically designed for a rhythm gymnastic team. The NHEP was conducted at the training facilities. Fourteen rhythm gymnasts, consisting of the team that represents a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, and their two coaches participated in the study. Athletes and coaches were interviewed about their perceptions and food practices before and after a 9-month NHEP designed specifically for them. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim. Two categories emerged from the discourses and were analyzed using the content analysis: "beliefs and feeding practices" and "construction of a positive relationship with food". Results: Athletes reported changes in their food practices related to the themes discussed with them in the NHEP, such as daily breakfast intake, higher intake of fruits, vegetables, milk products, and wholegrain foods. Conclusion: The NHEP allowed specific demands of the athletes to be identified and addressed, generating awareness and motivation to positive changes in eating practices.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and behavioral effects of a cafeteria diet in dams during the breastfeeding period and in their offspring from weaning until early adulthood (70 days old). Pregnant Wistar rats were fed a chow diet until delivery. Postnatally (D0), litters were culled to 8 pups and lactating dams received control (CTRL n= 6) or cafeteria (CAF n= 6) diets and water ad libitum. At the end of the breastfeeding period, male offspring were placed in individual boxes receiving the same treatment from their respective dams (CTRL or CAF) until adulthood (70 days). All nutritional and behavioral evaluations were performed with the dams (n= 12) during the breastfeeding phase and with the male offspring (n= 24) after weaning to adulthood. CAF dams demonstrated a lower caloric and protein intake; higher intake of fats; loss of weight; greater accumulation of adipose tissue; and an anxiolytic effect. CAF male offspring showed lower caloric intake; higher intake of fats; and accumulation of adipose tissue. In addition, these animals continued to have decreased body weight, body length and tibia-femur length in relation to CTRL. In dams, a cafeteria diet promoted alterations in body composition and anxiety, and in offspring the diet resulted in adequate development.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos nutricionales y de comportamiento de la dieta de la cafetería en las madres durante el período de lactancia materna y en su descendencia desde el destete hasta la edad adulta temprana (70 días de edad). Ratas Wistar embarazadas fueron alimentadas con una dieta estándar hasta el parto. Postnatalmente (D0), las camadas se ajustaron en 8 crías y las madres lactantes recibieron las dietas control (CTRL n= 6) o cafetería (CAF n= 6) además de agua ad libitum. Al final del período de lactancia materna, las proles machos fueron colocados en cajas individuales recibiendo el mismo tratamiento de sus respectivas madres (CTRL o CAF) hasta la edad adulta (70 días). Todas las evaluaciones nutricionales y comportamentales se realizaron con las madres (n= 12) durante la fase de lactancia y con la prole masculina (n= 24) después del destete hasta la edad adulta. Las madres CAF demostraron una menor ingesta calórica y proteica; mayor ingestión de grasas; pérdida de peso; mayor acumulación de tejido adiposo; y un efecto ansiolítico. La prole masculina CAF presentó menor consumo calórico; mayor ingestión de grasas; y la acumulación de tejido adiposo. Además, estos animales presentaron menor peso corporal, longitud corporal, y longitud de la tibia-fémur, en relación a CTRL. En las madres, la dieta de cafetería promovió cambios en la composición corporal y ansiedad, y en la prole la dieta comprometió el desarrollo adecuado.

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OBJETCTIVE: To analyze the 12 weeks' effects of interdisciplinary interventions on behavioral and eating parameters of overweight or obese adolescents. METHODS: This study presents a longitudinal and quasi-experimental design. 40 adolescents aged 16 ± 1 years were selected to participate on the study. Therefore, only 17 completed the 12 weeks of interdisciplinary interventions. The interventions were realized by physical education professionals (physical exercises three times a week), physiotherapists (exercises to strengthen the core and postural exercises three times a week), nutrition (feeding re-education twice a week) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (focus on behavior change and adoption of an active lifestyle once a week). In order to quantify the adolescents' behavioral parameters, the questionnaires were: Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RAS) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAS RESULTS: For BSQ's answer 9: "are you with thin people of the same sex as you, make you feel worried about your physique? "A significant reduction in the responses attributed by the adolescents at the post-intervention (p<0.05) level was identified, as well as for the HAS, in question 3: fear - of the dark, of unknown, of the crowd, of being abandoned, large animals, transit", with lower values (p<0.05) after interdisciplinary interventions. CONCLUSION: Interdisciplinary interventions resulted in improvements in body image in relation to the perception of physical state, as well as in a decrease in fear presented by adolescents. The 12 weeks of interventions presented slight changes in the adolescents' behavior analyzed in the study.

OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos de 12 semanas de intervenções interdisciplinares em parâmetros comportamentais e alimentares de adolescentes com excesso de peso ou obesidade. MÉTODO: O estudo apresenta um delineamento longitudinal e quase-experimental. Foram selecionados para participar da pesquisa 40 adolescentes com idade de 16 ± 1 anos. No entanto, apenas 17 concluíram as 12 semanas de intervenções interdisciplinares. As intervenções foram realizadas por profissionais de educação física (exercício físico três vezes por semana), fisioterapeutas (exercícios para o fortalecimento do core e posturais, três vezes por semana), nutrição (reeducação alimentar, duas vezes por semana) e terapia cognitivo-comportamental (foco na mudança de comportamento e adoção de um estilo de vida ativo, uma vez por semana). A fim de quantificar os parâmetros comportamentais dos adolescentes, foram utilizados os questionários: Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), teste de atitudes alimentares (EAT), escala de autoestima de Rosenberg (EAR) e escala Hamilton de ansiedade (EHA). RESULTADOS: para a resposta 9 do BSQ: "estar com pessoas magras do mesmo sexo que você, faz você se sentir preocupada (o) em relação ao seu físico? " Foi identificada redução significativa das respostas atribuídas pelos adolescentes no momento pós-intervenção (p<0,05), assim como para a EHA, na questão 3: medo - de escuro, de desconhecidos, de multidão, de ser abandonado, de animais grandes, de trânsito", com valores inferiores (p<0,05), após as intervenções interdisciplinares CONCLUSÃO: As intervenções interdisciplinares resultaram em melhoras na imagem corporal em relação à percepção do estado físico, bem como em uma diminuição do medo apresentado pelos adolescentes. As 12 semanas de intervenções apresentaram ligeiras mudanças no comportamento dos adolescentes analisados no presente estudo.

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Objetivo ­ Avaliar a adesão ao tratamento nutricional de acordo com a caracterização dos pacientes da Clínica de Nutrição Escola da Universidade Paulista, de modo a fornecer informações mais detalhadas acerca do público atendido e permitir o planejamento de ações que favoreçam o seguimento do tratamento dietético. Métodos ­ Para averiguação dos dados as variáveis de interesse foram coletadas a partir dos prontuários dos pacientes atendidos no período de janeiro de 2016 a junho de 2017, de ambos os sexos e de variadas faixas etárias. Resultados ­ A maior parte dos pacientes (69%) não retornou para o recebimento do plano alimentar. Apenas 4% aderiram ao tratamento sugerido e 1% permanece em acompanhamento regular. Conclusão ­ Diante do cenário observado, os dados de baixa adesão reforçam a necessidade de que o processo de educação nutricional passe por mudanças estruturais, baseado em modelos de ensino que criem possibilidades para a produção de resultados e não visem apenas a disseminação de conhecimento

Objective ­ To evaluate the adherence to nutritional treatment according to the characterization of the patients of the Nutrition Clinic School of Universidade Paulista, in order to provide more detailed information about the public served and to allow the planning of actions that favor the follow-up of the treatment. Methods ­ The variables of interest were collected from the charts of the patients attending from January 2016 to June 2017, of both sexes and of various age groups. Results ­ Most patients (69%) did not return to the food plan receipt. Only 4% adhered to the suggested treatment and 1% remained in regular follow-up. Conclusion ­ In view of the observed scenario, low adherence data reinforce the need for the nutritional education process to undergo structural changes based on teaching models that create possibilities for the production of results and not only aim at the dissemination of knowledge

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PURPOSE: The dopamine receptor 2/ankyrin repeat domain and content kinase 1 (DRD2/ANKK1) TaqIA polymorphism (rs1800497) has been associated with rewarding behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the association of DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism with the dietary intake, the intake frequency of food groups and biochemical profile in Mexican mestizo subjects. METHODS: A cross-sectional/analytical study with 276 Mexican subjects was performed. Dietary intake was assessed with a 24-h recall and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). An allelic discrimination assay evaluated DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA genotypes. Anthropometric and biochemical data were evaluated. RESULTS: Genotype frequencies were A1A1 (18.48%), A1A2 (45.29%) and A2A2 (36.23%). TaqI A1 allele carriers had a higher intake of carbohydrates (p = 0.038), meats (p = 0.005), fried dishes (p = 0.039), and sugars (p = 0.009). Male TaqI A1 carriers consumed more carbohydrates (p = 0.009) and meats (p = 0.018) while females consumed fewer legumes (p = 0.005). TaqI A1 carriers had glucose (p = 0.037) and triglycerides (p = 0.011) abnormalities. TaqI A1 was associated with higher risk of consumption of unhealthy foods such as fried dishes (OR 3.79, 95% CI 1.53-9.35, p = 0.002) and meats (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.32-4.05, p = 0.003), and lower healthy foods (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.04-3.29, p = 0.038). TaqI A1 allele was associated with risk of abnormal glucose, triglycerides, and VLDL levels (OR 2.148, 95% CI 1.068-4.322, p = 0.036; OR 1.999, 95% CI 1.194-3.348, p = 0.011; OR 2.021, 95% CI 1.203-3.392, p = 0.007), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of the TaqI A1 allele in Mexicans is a genetic risk factor for detrimental dietary quality that may predispose to metabolic disturbances. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, case-control analytic study.

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Objetivo: analisar as mudanças dos hábitos alimentares de estudantes no ingresso no ensino superior, assim como, as consequências destes hábitos para a saúde. Metodologia: estudo transversal, conduzido entre setembro a dezembro de 2014. Foram entrevistados estudantes das áreas de humanas, biológicas e exatas, selecionados por conveniência. Adotou-se questionário estruturado, auto aplicado, contendo questões do perfil sociodemográfico/econômico e hábitos alimentares. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente e estatisticamente pelo teste do qui-quadrado (p<0,05) e pela regressão logística sendo a variável resposta dicotomizada em "Comportamento alimentar adequado" e "Comportamento alimentar inadequado" a partir da mediana dos resultados (54,5%). Resultados: responderam ao questionário 500 estudantes regularmente matriculados, 337 mulheres e 163 homens, média de 24 anos, renda mensal média de R$976,00 e 89,6% afirmou não possuir doenças. Os cursos de exatas apresentaram maior chance de ter um comportamento alimentar adequado (1,98 vezes), assim como os alunos com faixa etária até 22 anos (1,48 vezes) e do sexo masculino (1,67 vezes). Conclusão: Estudantes dos cursos da área biológica apresentaram resultados mais insatisfatórios em relação aos hábitos alimentares. Evidenciouse que os estudantes são expostos a fatores de risco à saúde ao ingressarem no ensino superior devido à vulnerabilidade, em face de um novo contexto de vida.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the changes in students' eating habits after joining higher education, as well as the consequences of these habits for their health. Methodology: This was a crosssectional survey, conducted between September-December 2014. Students from human, biological and exact sciences, selected by convenience, were interviewed. A structured questionnaire, self-applied, containing questions of sociodemographic/economic profile and eating habits was used. Data was analyzed descriptively and statistically by the chisquare test (p<0.05) and by logistic regression, having the response variable dichotomized in "Adequate eating habits" and "inadequate eating habits" from the median of the results (54,5%). Results: 500 students answered the questionnaire, of which 337 women and 163 men, average of 24 years old, average monthly income of R$976.00 and majority (89.6%) affirmed not having diseases. The students from exact sciences were more likely to have adequate eating habits (1,98 times), as well as students aged up to 22 (1,48 times) and male (1,67 times). Conclusion: The university students enrolled in courses in the biological sciences presented results considered to be more unsatisfactory about eating habits. It was evidenced that the students are exposed to health risk factors when entering the university environment due to vulnerability to a new life context. (AU)

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O Brasil vive uma transição nutricional, com mudanças no padrão alimentar, redução nos índices de desnutrição e aumento nos índices de obesidade em todas as faixas etárias, incluindo a infância. A obesidade infantil também pode estar associada a problemas na saúde mental de crianças muito novas, como ansiedade, depressão e problemas de comportamento. Sabe-se que o comportamento alimentar das crianças tem relação com seu estado nutricional, e ele começa a ser desenvolvido desde muito cedo na vida das crianças. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o comportamento alimentar e a saúde mental entre crianças de dois a quatro anos de idade e analisar possíveis associações entre estado nutricional, comportamento alimentar e problemas emocionais e/ou comportamentais neste grupo. Participaram 95 pais/responsáveis divididos em três grupos: eutróficos (N=34), sobrepeso (n=34) e obesidade (N=32). Os participantes responderam um questionário sociodemográfico, uma escala de rastreamento de problemas psicológicos e outra para investigação do comportamento alimentar. As entrevistas ocorreram em unidades de saúde ou na residência dos participantes, com duração média de 30 minutos. Os dados foram submetidos à estatística descritiva e inferencial. A média de idade dos participantes foi de 32,7(±7,39), exclusivamente mulheres; 25,3% das crianças tinham dois anos, 38,9% três e 35,8% estavam com quatro anos. As subescalas que tiveram maiores pontuações foram Prazer em comer (3,92) e Desejo de beber (3,34) e observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre sexos em Resposta à saciedade (t = 2,433; p = 0,018), com resultados mais elevados para as meninas, e entre grupos etários em Seletividade Alimentar (F(2;92) = 8,02, p = 0,001), com as crianças de dois anos apresentando menores pontuações. As crianças obesas obtiveram escores maiores nas subescalas de comportamento alimentar que refletem maior interesse pela comida, enquanto as eutróficas apresentaram melhores resultados naquelas que refletem menor interesse pelo alimento. Houve diferença significativa entre o grupo de obesos (maior média) com eutróficos (p = 0,01) e com sobrepeso (p < 0,001) quanto a Sobreingestão emocional; entre grupo sobrepeso (menor média) com eutróficos (p = 0,03) e com obesos (p = 0,03) quanto a Desejo de beber; e entre grupo obeso (menor média) e eutrófico quanto a Resposta à saciedade (p = 0,05). No que tange à saúde mental, 27,4% das crianças apresentaram escores muito altos no instrumento, sinalizando problemas psicológicos; as maiores pontuações médias ocorreram nas subescalas Hiperatividade (4,75) e Problemas de Conduta (4,75). Resposta à saciedade correlacionou-se com Problemas emocionais (r = 0,215; p = 0,037) e Hiperatividade (r = 0,244; p = 0,017); Subingestão emocional apresentou correlação com Problemas de conduta (r = 0,334; p = 0,001), Hiperatividade (r = 0,358; p = 0,000) e Problemas de relacionamento (r = 0,321; p = 0,002). Há evidências da associação entre estado nutricional e comportamento alimentar bem como deste último com saúde mental. Neste sentido, os resultados alertam para a necessidade de atenção ao comportamento alimentar e à saúde mental de crianças muito novas, visando à prevenção de problemas na saúde mental e do ganho de peso

Brazil is experiencing a nutritional transition, with changes in the dietary pattern, reduction in malnutrition rates and increase in obesity rates in all age groups, including childhood. Childhood obesity may also be associated with problems in the mental health of very young children, such as anxiety, depression and behavior problems. It is known that children's eating behavior is related to their nutritional status, and it begins to be developed very early in children's lives. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate eating behavior and mental health among children from two to four years of age and to analyze possible associations between nutritional status, eating behavior and emotional and / or behavioral problems in this group. Participants included 95 parents / guardians divided into three groups: eutrophic (n = 34), overweight (n = 34) and obesity (n = 32). Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, a psychological problem tracing scale and another for food behavior research. The interviews took place in Health Units or in the participants' residence, with an average duration of 30 minutes. Data were submitted to descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean age of the participants was 32.7 (± 7.39), exclusively women; 25.3% of the children were two years old, 38.9% were three and 35.8% were four years old. The subscales that had higher scores were Enjoyment of food (3.92) and Desire to drink (3.34) and a statistically significant difference was observed between sexes in Satiety responsiveness (t = 2,433; p = 0,018), with more results (F (2; 92) = 8.02, p = 0.001), with two-yearolds presenting lower scores. Obese children had higher scores on eating behavior subscales that reflect greater interest in food, while eutrophic ones presented better results in those that reflect less interest in food. There was a significant difference between the group of obese (higher mean) with eutrophic (p = 0.01) and overweight (p <0.001) regarding emotional overdose; between the overweight group (lower mean) with eutrophic (p = 0.03) and obese (p = 0.03) regarding Desire to drink; and between obese (lower mean) and eutrophic group as to Satiety responsiveness (p = 0.05). Regarding mental health, 27.4% of the children presented very high scores on the instrument, signaling psychological problems; the highest mean scores occurred in the Hyperactivity subscales (4.75) and Conduct Problems (4.75). Satiety responsiveness was correlated with Emotional problems (r = 0.215, p = 0.037) and Hyperactivity (r = 0.244; p = 0.017); Emotional undereating presented a correlation with Conduct Problems (r = 0.334, p = 0.001), Hyperactivity (r = 0.358, p = 0.000) and Peer Problems (r = 0.321, p = 0.002). There is evidence of the association between nutritional status and eating behavior as well as the latter with mental health. In this sense, the results point to the need for attention to the eating behavior and mental health of very young children, aiming at the prevention of problems in mental health and weight gain

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Resumen En Zapotlán el Grande (ZEG) la producción de berries ha aumentado drásticamente, mientras que la de cultivos tradicionales ha disminuido. La disponibilidad de estos nuevos alimentos puede generar cambios en los hábitos alimentarios (HA) de la población. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la frecuencia y la cantidad de consumo de berries en población adulta de Ciudad Guzmán (ZEG, Jalisco, México), e identificar si estos han pasado a formar parte de sus HA. Participaron 384 adultos, de 18 a 65 años, residentes de Ciudad Guzmán, quienes fueron encuestados por medio de una versión adaptada de un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. El 34% de los participantes refirió nunca consumir arándanos, frambuesas o zarzamoras, mientras que 39% los ingería ocasionalmente. En promedio, ninguno de los berries fue consumido en la ración propuesta en el Sistema Mexicano de Alimentos Equivalentes (SMAE), y solo representó 18% de la ración sugerida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Se concluye que aunque en cantidad inferior a la recomendada por la OMS o el SMAE, una cuarta parte de la población evaluada ha incorporado los berries a su dieta habitual, lo que demuestra que su disponibilidad está generando una modificación en los HA de la población.

Abstract In Zapotlán el Grande (ZEG) the production of berries has increased drastically, while traditional crops has decreased. The availability of these new foods may change eating habits (EH) of the population. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency and amount of berry consumption in the adult population of Ciudad Guzmán (ZEG, Jalisco, Mexico), and to identify if these have become part of their EH. A total of 384 adults, from 18 to 65 years old, residents of Ciudad Guzmán, were surveyed with an adapted version of a food consumption frequency questionnaire. The 34% of participants reported never consuming blueberries, raspberries or blackberries, while 39% eat them occasionally. On average, none of the berries was consumed in the amount proposed by the Mexican System of Equivalent Foods (SMAE), and only accounted 18% of the ration suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is concluded that although the amount of berries consumed is less than the recommended by the WHO or SMAE, a quarter of the population assessed has incorporated berries into their usual diet, which shows that their availability is generating a change in the EH of the population.