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BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic induced psychological distress, which is linked to emotional eating and symptoms of addiction to ultra-processed foods (UPFs). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether symptoms of addiction to UPFs mediate the relationship between psychological stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic and emotional eating behaviour. METHODS: A cross-sectional online study was conducted from May to November 2021 among 368 undergraduate Brazilian students. The participants answered demographic questions and completed validated scales, including the Coronavirus Stress Measure, Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 and Emotional Eating Questionnaire. Mediation analysis was employed to examine the hypothesised relationships. RESULTS: The results revealed a significant indirect effect, indicating that symptoms of food addiction mediated the association between perceived stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and emotional eating behaviour. Specifically, 61% of the influence of perceived stress on emotional eating during the pandemic was explained by symptoms of UPF addiction. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that addressing symptoms of UPF addiction could be pivotal in public health strategies aimed at promoting healthy eating habits among distressed undergraduate students in the post-COVID-19 era.
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Background: Vegetarianism is commonly associated with various health benefits. However, the association between this dietary regimen and aspects of mental health remains ambiguous. This study compared the symptoms of depression and anxiety, emotional eating (EmE), and body mass index (BMI) in Peruvian vegetarian and non-vegetarian adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 768 Peruvian adults, of whom 284 (37%) were vegetarians and 484 (63%) were non-vegetarians. The Depression Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 (GAD-2), and an EmE questionnaire were applied; additionally, the BMI was calculated. Simple and multiple linear regression and Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to evaluate the association between depression, anxiety, EmE, and BMI with dietary patterns. Results: The vegetarians (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio [PR] = 0.24, 95% CI 0.16-0.31; p < 0.001) reported more depressive symptoms than the non-vegetarians. This trend persisted for anxiety, with an adjusted PR of 0.17 (95% CI: 0.01-0.29; p = 0.012). However, the vegetarians (adjusted PR = -0.38, 95% CI: -0.61--0.14; p < 0.001) reported lower EmE scores compared to the non-vegetarians. Likewise, the vegetarians had a lower mean BMI than the non-vegetarians (B = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.21--0.08; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Vegetarian diets are associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as lower EmE and BMI scores. Further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate these associations and determine causality and the underlying mechanisms involved.
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Ansiedad , Índice de Masa Corporal , Depresión , Dieta Vegetariana , Emociones , Vegetarianos , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Perú/epidemiología , Femenino , Adulto , Depresión/epidemiología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Dieta Vegetariana/psicología , Dieta Vegetariana/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vegetarianos/psicología , Vegetarianos/estadística & datos numéricos , Autoinforme , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Ingestión de Alimentos/psicología , Adulto Joven , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic induced psychological distress, which is linked to emotional eating and symptoms of addiction to ultra-processed foods (UPFs). Objective This study aimed to investigate whether symptoms of addiction to UPFs mediate the relationship between psychological stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic and emotional eating behaviour. Methods A cross-sectional online study was conducted from May to November 2021 among 368 undergraduate Brazilian students. The participants answered demographic questions and completed validated scales, including the Coronavirus Stress Measure, Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 and Emotional Eating Questionnaire. Mediation analysis was employed to examine the hypothesised relationships. Results The results revealed a significant indirect effect, indicating that symptoms of food addiction mediated the association between perceived stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and emotional eating behaviour. Specifically, 61% of the influence of perceived stress on emotional eating during the pandemic was explained by symptoms of UPF addiction. Conclusion These findings suggest that addressing symptoms of UPF addiction could be pivotal in public health strategies aimed at promoting healthy eating habits among distressed undergraduate students in the post-COVID-19 era.
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Abstract Introduction: Migration affects people's lives, including their behaviours which impact both physical and mental health. Anxiety and depressive symptoms in migrants have been linked to negative physical and mental health outcomes associated with eating behaviour. This study aimed to analyse the mediating impact of positive and negative affect on the relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms and emotional eating in migrants. Method: A sample of 922 Colombian migrants in Chile participated in the study. The Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire were used for data collection. Mediation analysis was conducted using structural equation models. Results: Anxiety and depression correlated positively. Anxiety presented positive results on negative affect and emotional eating and negative results on positive affect. Depression had positive impacts on negative affect and emotional eating and negative impacts on positive affect. Only negative affect presented significant positive results on emotional eating. Only negative affect presented a specific and statistically significant indirect influence on anxiety and emotional eating. Positive affect and negative affect jointly presented a total and statistically significant indirect effect between anxiety and EE and between depression and emotional eating. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of how negative affect mediates the relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms and emotional eating.
Resumen Introducción: La migración modifica la vida de las personas, incluidos sus comportamientos, impactando su salud física y mental. La sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva en inmigrantes se relaciona con efectos negativos para la salud general y la conducta alimentaria. El objetivo fue analizar el efecto mediador de los afectos positivos y negativos en la relación entre la ansiedad y los síntomas depresivos y la alimentación emocional en inmigrantes. Método: Participaron 922 migrantes colombianos viviendo en Chile. Se utilizaron el Inventariode Ansiedad de Beck, el Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II, la Escala de Afecto Positivo y Negativo y el Cuestionario Holandés de Conducta Alimentaria. El análisis de mediación se realizó mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados: La ansiedad y depresión correlacionan de manera positiva. La ansiedad presentó efectos positivos sobre los afectos negativos y la alimentación emocional, así como negativo sobre los afectos positivos. La depresión presentó efectos positivos sobre los afectos negativos y la alimentación emocional, así como negativo sobre los afectos positivos. Solo los afectos negativos presentaron efectos positivos significativos sobre la alimentación emocional. Solo el afecto negativo presentó un efecto indirecto específico y estadísticamente significativo entre la ansiedad y la alimentación emocional. Los afectos positivos y los afectos negativos presentaron en conjunto un efecto indirecto total y estadísticamente significativo entre la ansiedad y la alimentación emocional y entre la depresión y la alimentación emocional. Conclusiones: Afectos negativos median la relación entre ansiedad y síntomas depresivos y la alimentación emocional.
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We examined the relationships between three eating behaviors and nine motives underlying food choices made by Brazilian adults. Using participant responses to the short version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and the Food Choice Questionnaire, we investigated eating behaviors (cognitive restriction, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating) and motives for food choices (health, mood, convenience, sensory appeal, natural content, price, weight control, familiarity, and ethical concern). We used a structural equation model to test relationship pathways (ß), with eating behaviors as independent variables and motives for food choices as dependent variables. Participants were 1297 individuals (69.5% female) with a mean age of 25.0 years (SD = 5.8). We confirmed the validity and reliability of the questionnaires in this sample. Restrictive eating behavior was significantly related to motives of health (ß = .415), mood (ß = .127), natural content (ß = .364), weight control (ß = .681), and ethical concern (ß = .161). Emotional eating behavior was related to motives of mood (ß = .277), health (ß = -.137), and natural content (ß = -.136). Uncontrolled eating behavior was related to motives of convenience (ß = .226), sensory appeal (ß = .121), price (ß = .153), and familiarity (ß = .090). We believe these findings can now help design future research and clinical interventions for managing people's risky eating behaviors and promoting beneficial food choices.
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Conducta Alimentaria , Preferencias Alimentarias , Humanos , Adulto , Femenino , Masculino , Brasil , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Preferencias Alimentarias/psicología , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Motivación , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Eating behaviors are complex phenomena, entangling physiological signals of hunger and satiety, food choices, emotional states, and social factors and expectations, as well as food availability and sensory appearance. Evaluating eating behaviors is challenging and must cover different motives. One instrument for such evaluation is the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), composed of three subscales for exploring emotional eating, external eating, and restrained eating. In this article, we aimed to (1) evaluate the psychometric properties of a Mexican Spanish adaptation of the DEBQ; and (2) explore the associations between the three adapted DEBQ scales and the influence of sociodemographic factors on each of the three eating behaviors in Mexican pregnant women. A sample of 514 pregnant women responded to our adapted version of the DEBQ and a questionnaire about sociodemographic information. We performed an exploratory factor analysis using a principal component analysis with varimax rotation; based on this analysis, we removed items that loaded on two factors and then performed a confirmatory factor analysis. The final version of the adapted DEBQ has 26 items, clearly divided into a three-factor structure and satisfactorily reliable (Cronbach's ⺠= 0.903). We then performed Spearman bivariate correlations and multivariate linear regression with backward variable selection to test the associations and influence of sociodemographic factors on each of the three eating behaviors evaluated with the DEBQ. In pregnant women, emotional eating (EmoE) had a medium-high correlation with external eating (ExtE) and a low correlation with restrained eating (RestE), while ExtE and RestE showed no association. The three eating behaviors are associated with maternal sociodemographic and reproductive variables, which partly explain their variation, most notably maternal schooling. Our adapted version of the DEBQ is suitable for use with Mexican Spanish-speaking pregnant women. Maternal sociodemographic and reproductive factors have an influence on the variance of eating behaviors during pregnancy.
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Conducta Alimentaria , Mujeres Embarazadas , Embarazo , Humanos , Femenino , Psicometría , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Lenguaje , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between food insecurity and dysfunctional eating behaviors among adults in Puerto Rico. METHODS: Data from 865 participants were obtained from baseline interviews from the Puerto Rico Observational Study of Psychosocial, Environmental, and Chronic Disease Trends (PROSPECT) cohort. The association between food insecurity and emotional eating (EE) and uncontrolled eating (UE) (categorized as no/moderate/high) was examined using multinomial logistic models. Potential mediation by perceived stress was explored. RESULTS: The prevalence of food insecurity was 20.3%. Compared with adults with food security, adults with food insecurity had higher odds of both moderate EE (odds ratio [OR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-3.09) and high EE (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.75-4.64), and both moderate UE (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 0.91-3.50) and high UE (OR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.70-6.33). Perceived stress slightly attenuated these associations. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Food insecurity was associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in dysfunctional eating behaviors. Interventions alleviating food insecurity or stress might help adults sustain healthy eating behaviors.
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Conducta Alimentaria , Abastecimiento de Alimentos , Humanos , Adulto , Puerto Rico/epidemiología , Emociones , Inseguridad AlimentariaRESUMEN
Introduction: Dysregulated eating (emotional eating, cue-elicited eating, and dietary restraint and restriction) has been linked to being overweight or obese. The present investigation used a random controlled trial (RCT) to test the differential efficacy of remotely delivered Mindfulness-Based Eating Awareness Training (MB-EAT) and Behavioral Weight Loss (BWL) counseling. Methods: The sample was recruited through advertisements that offered help to people "with problems controlling their eating" or "interested in improving their relationship with food" (n = 135). Results: Retention was low in both groups (42%), but not dissimilar to retention rates reported in related clinical trials delivered "in person." Among the participants who completed treatment, we found no between-group differences in any of the treatment outcomes, but participants in both groups experienced significant increases in eating-related mindfulness [Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ) and awareness [Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA), and significant decreases in unhealthy eating patterns [Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ); Binge Eating Scale (BES), and weight over the course of treatment. Participants in both groups also experienced increases in self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)], although these increases likely reflected normative changes observed in the population at large during COVID-19. Discussion: Overall, the results suggest that dysregulated eating and weight loss intervention delivered remotely via teleconference can be effective.
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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different meditation practices on eating behavior, changes in body weight, and mental health. METHODS: A virtual questionnaire was used to evaluate meditation practices and current and prepandemic weights. The questionnaire comprised specific and validated instruments to evaluate body image (silhouette scale), eating behavior (21-item three-factor eating questionnaire), current sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory). Initially, data from all the respondents were assessed (n = 764). Mindfulness was the most common type of meditation practice in most Brazilian regions. RESULTS: Lower scores in uncontrolled eating (meditation practitioners = 32.19 ± 19.72 and non-meditation practitioners = 35.17 ± 20.50; P = 0.038) and higher weight loss (meditation practitioners = -0.77 ± 8.44 and non-meditation practitioners = 1.29 ± 6.39; P = 0.013) were observed among those who practiced some type of meditation. To verify the influence of weight, we analyzed the data of individuals who had body mass index ≥25 kg/m²; overweight individuals presented lower uncontrolled eating scores when they practiced meditation. However, no statistical difference was observed between meditation practitioners and non-practitioners when only adequate weight individuals were evaluated. The practice also influenced the perception of body image among men and resulted in lower uncontrolled eating scores on the 21-item three-factor eating questionnaire and greater weight loss during the pandemic among women. Those practicing meditation for >13 mo had a lower final score on the anxiety assessment instrument compared with those practicing for <12 mo (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the inclusion of meditation practice as part of the management of overweight may reduce dysfunctional eating behaviors and negative emotions, thereby contributing to weight loss, especially in the long term.
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Salud Mental , Sobrepeso , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Femenino , Sobrepeso/terapia , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Pérdida de Peso , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Individuals diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) seek pleasurable foods to avoid their negative emotional experiences. Ineffective regulation of negative emotions may be a risk factor for emotional eating (EE), leading to suffering, dysfunctional behaviors, and weight gain. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between emotional dysregulation and EE, investigating potential mediators such as the intensity of the worry, avoidance of internal experiences, mindfulness, and self-compassion in female patients with anxiety. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, participants from a randomized clinical trial diagnosed with GAD answered the following instruments at baseline: the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), the Action and Acceptance Questionnaire (AAQ), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). We estimated Pearson correlation coefficients and performed mediation analyses. RESULTS: We evaluated 51 female individuals, 34 of whom completed all the questionnaires. Our data showed that EE was positively correlated with emotional dysregulation (r = 0.593; p < 0.001), worry trait (r = 0.402; p = 0.018), and avoidance of internal experiences (r = 0.565; p < 0.001), whereas it was negatively correlated with self-compassion (r = -0.590; p < 0.001) and mindful state (r = -0.383; p = 0.026). Moreover, we demonstrated that self-compassion mediates the relationship between emotional dysregulation and EE (ab product estimate = 0.043, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.003-0.084). CONCLUSION: Our findings contribute to the literature by identifying psychological factors that could mediate the association between emotional dysregulation and EE, enabling identification of more effective eating behavior intervention targets for patients with GAD.
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Trastornos de Ansiedad , Emociones , Humanos , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Trastornos de Ansiedad/diagnóstico , Ansiedad , Conducta Alimentaria/psicologíaRESUMEN
Blackground: To assess grazing behavior and associated factors in candidates for bariatric surgery monitored at a public hospital that is a reference in the care of people with severe obesity. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study, with candidates for bariatric surgery of both genders, treated in a public hospital in the Amazon. To assess grazing behavior, the Repetitive Eating Questionnaire was used, and to investigate patterns of eating behavior, the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire was used, which assesses: Emotional Eating, Cognitive Restriction and Uncontrolled Eating. Sociodemographic information was obtained through self-report and the description of medication use through the medical record. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated by measuring weight and height. The SPSS program, v. 21.0 was used. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: A total of 205 participants were evaluated, with a mean age of 37.5 ± 8.6 years, the majority (93.7%) being women and the majority (59.5%) was not also using medication to lose weight. About 66.3% of the participants had compulsive grazing. The factor with the highest score was cognitive restriction (p < 0.001). Individuals who used weight loss drugs had higher scores in the cognitive restriction factor (p = 0.015) and lower scores for uncontrolled eating (p = 0.008), compulsive grazing (p = 0.021) and non-compulsive grazing (p = 0.034). Conclusion: Linear regression showed that emotional eating and uncontrolled eating were predictors of both compulsive grazing and non-compulsive grazing behavior. It was observed that grazing behavior, cognitive restriction, emotional eating and uncontrolled eating are present and correlated in the studied patients. In addition, the use of weight loss drugs seems to help reduce dysfunctional eating behaviors in patients with severe obesity.
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Fármacos Antiobesidad , Cirugía Bariátrica , Obesidad Mórbida , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , Obesidad Mórbida/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Cirugía Bariátrica/psicología , Obesidad , HospitalesRESUMEN
Introdução: O período pandêmico provocou inúmeras alterações, sendo a alimentação um dos contextos afetados. Objetivo: Compreender os novos arranjos e significados das práticas alimentares vivenciados durante a primeira onda da pandemia pela Covid-19 por profissionais da educação superior. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e de caráter exploratório. Foram entrevistados, individualmente e de forma remota, dez profissionais do setor da educação superior de duas universidades federais do interior de Minas Gerais. As entrevistas foram analisadas por meio da Análise Temática de Bardin em conjunto com a Análise de Similitude via IRAMUTEQ. Resultados: As entrevistas permitiram a identificação de três eixos temáticos: (1) "Manejos da comida e do corpo: prazer, culpa e medo do ganho de peso", explorando os embates que se intensificaram no que tange ao corpo e às escolhas alimentares; (2) "Re-arranjos sociais, comensalidade e práticas alimentares"; e (3) "O exercício do cozinhar no confinamento: polissemias, temporalidades e gênero", discorrendo sobre o dinamismo da alimentação ao vivenciar alterações na composição domiciliar, rotina e obrigações de trabalho. Discussão: Foi possível identificar relações entre o distanciamento social, o confinamento domiciliar e as práticas alimentares individuais e coletivas. Em razão dos diferentes rearranjos sociais, estruturados pelos participantes para lidar com as restrições impostas pela pandemia, comportamentos dicotômicos emergiram, refletindo conflitos frente aos ajustes nas práticas alimentares. A relação nutriente-alimento (nutricionismo) esteve muito presente nas narrativas, influenciando pensamentos e comportamentos sobre o corpo e o bem-estar. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o contexto pandêmico gerou alterações em relação aos arranjos, representações e significados do comer e da alimentação.
Introduction: The pandemic period brought about numerous changes, with food being one of the affected elements. Objective: To understand the new arrangements and meanings of eating practices experienced during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic by higher education professionals. Methods: This research is qualitative and exploratory. Ten professionals from the higher education sector of two federal universities in the interior of Minas Gerais were interviewed individually and remotely. The interviews were analyzed using Bardin's Thematic Analysis in conjunction with Similitude Analysis via IRAMUTEQ. Results: The interviews allowed for the identification of three thematic axes: (1) "Management of food and the body: pleasure, guilt and fear of weight gain", exploring the conflicts that intensified in regards to the body and food choices; (2) "Social rearrangements, commensality and eating practices"; and (3) "The practice of cooking in confinement: polysemy, temporality and gender", discussing the dynamism of food when experiencing changes in household composition, routine and work obligations. Discussion: It was possible to identify relationships between social distancing, home confinement and individual and collective eating practices. Due to the different social rearrangements, structured by the participants to deal with the pandemic-imposed restrictions, dichotomous behaviors emerged, reflecting conflicts in the face of adjusted eating practices. The nutrient-food relationship (nutritionism) was very present in the narratives, influencing thoughts and behaviors about the body and well-being. Conclusion: It is concluded that the pandemic context generated changes regarding the arrangements, representations and meanings of eating and food.
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Humanos , Femenino , Universidades , Conducta Alimentaria , COVID-19 , Brasil , Investigación CualitativaRESUMEN
Abstract Introduction Individuals diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) seek pleasurable foods to avoid their negative emotional experiences. Ineffective regulation of negative emotions may be a risk factor for emotional eating (EE), leading to suffering, dysfunctional behaviors, and weight gain. Objectives The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between emotional dysregulation and EE, investigating potential mediators such as the intensity of the worry, avoidance of internal experiences, mindfulness, and self-compassion in female patients with anxiety. Methods In this cross-sectional study, participants from a randomized clinical trial diagnosed with GAD answered the following instruments at baseline: the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), the Action and Acceptance Questionnaire (AAQ), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). We estimated Pearson correlation coefficients and performed mediation analyses. Results We evaluated 51 female individuals, 34 of whom completed all the questionnaires. Our data showed that EE was positively correlated with emotional dysregulation (r = 0.593; p < 0.001), worry trait (r = 0.402; p = 0.018), and avoidance of internal experiences (r = 0.565; p < 0.001), whereas it was negatively correlated with self-compassion (r = -0.590; p < 0.001) and mindful state (r = -0.383; p = 0.026). Moreover, we demonstrated that self-compassion mediates the relationship between emotional dysregulation and EE (ab product estimate = 0.043, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.003-0.084). Conclusion Our findings contribute to the literature by identifying psychological factors that could mediate the association between emotional dysregulation and EE, enabling identification of more effective eating behavior intervention targets for patients with GAD.
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Background: Emotional eating (EmE) is one of the most common eating behaviors maladaptive among young adults, however, in the Peruvian context, it remains unexplored. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the association between negative EmE, sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, sleep duration, and mental and physical health in young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 400 young Peruvian adults living in three regions of Peru (coast, jungle, and highlands). An online survey was used to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, sleep duration, depressive symptoms, anxiety, hypertension, and negative EmE. In addition, self-reported anthropometric data were collected to calculate body mass index (BMI). Results: Approximately 55.8% of women presented negative EmE. Logistic regression analysis revealed that participants aged 30-39 years were less likely to have negative EmE in both female and male gender, OR; 0.24, 95% CI; 0.08-0.66, p<0.01 and OR; 0.40, 95% CI; 0.16-0.97, p<0.05, respectively. Perform physical activity 3 to 4 times 5.22 (95% CI: 1.31-20.78), 1 to 2 times a week 5.77 (95% CI: 1.91-17.44), and never 15.18 (95% CI: 3.90-59.00) were associated with negative EmE. Moreover, sleeping less than 7 hours per day (OR; 2.26, 95% CI; 1.04-4.90), depressive symptoms (OR = 6.29, 95% CI: 1.27-31.19), anxiety (OR = 14.13, 95% CI: 2.46-80. 97, p<0.01), hypertension (OR = 7.58, 95% CI: 1.24-46.17), and BMI ≥25 (overweight/obese) (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.66-3.41) were associated with negative EmE. Conclusion: The findings show that there is an association between negative EmE, sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, sleep duration, and mental and physical health in young adults.
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Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18) in Mexican patients with obesity. Methods: 292 Mexican adults (194 women, 98 men) who entered a multidisciplinary treatment program for obesity at a third level hospital in Mexico, completed the TFEQ-R18 to obtain the psychometric properties. Results: The TFEQ-R18 has a good internal consistency showing a global Cronbach´s a= 0.88, and McDonald's w=0.88, and maintained the original three factors (cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating); CFA showed adequate goodness-of-fit indices, except for the X2 (X2 = 274.5, df = 142, p <.001; RMSEA = .061, CI [.051, .071]; CFI = .93; TLI = .92; SRMR = .071). There is a significant positive correlation with the diagnosis of eating disorder and emotional eating with uncontrolled eating and emotional eating factors. Conclusions: The TFEQ-R18 allows an adequate evaluation of the three eating factors in Mexican patients with obesity and allows a differentiation between cases with or without eating disorders.
Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de tres factores de alimentación (TFEQ-R18) en pacientes mexicanos con obesidad. Método: Participaron 292 adultos mexicanos (194 mujeres, 98 hombres) que ingresaron a un tratamiento multidisciplinario para obesidad en un hospital de tercer nivel en la Ciudad de México. Resultados: El TFEQ-R18 tiene una buena consistencia interna mostrando un a de Cronbach global= 0,88, y w de McDonald =0,88, mantiene los tres factores originales (restricción cognitiva, alimentación descontrolada e ingesta emocional); El CFA mostró índices de bondad de ajuste adecuados, excepto la X2 (X2 = 274.5, df = 142, p <.001; RMSEA = .061, IC [.051, .071]; CFI = .93; TLI = . 92; SRMR = 0,071). Existe además una correlación positiva significativa entre el diagnóstico de trastorno de la conducta alimentaria y la ingesta emocional con los factores de alimentación descontrolada y alimentación emocional de la escala. Conclusiones: El TFEQ-R18 permite una adecuada evaluación de los tres factores alimentarios en pacientes mexicanos con obesidad y permite diferenciar entre casos con o sin trastornos alimentarios.
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Individuals undergoing bariatric Surgery (BS) may have long-term weight regain. There is a need to investigate factors that may be related to this and if they can interfere with Quality of Life (QOL). This study aims to evaluate the relationship between eating behavior, perception of QOL, and weight regain in women after 24 months of bariatric surgery. This was a transversal study with 50 adult women residents in the city of Belém, Brazil. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, eating behavior (Three-Factor Eating QuestionnaireTFEQ-21) and perception of QOL (Item Short Form Healthy SurveySF-36) data were collected. In 60% (n = 30) there was weight regain (≥15%), with a mean weight regain of 23.3% (±18.4). Emotional eating was the most frequent pattern (p = 0.047). Regarding QOL, the functional capacity and limitation due to physical aspects domains had a better perception (p < 0.0001). Women without weight regain showed a better perception of the functional capacity aspects (p = 0.007), limitation due to physical aspects (p = 0.044), social aspects (p = 0.048), and general physical components (p = 0.016) and also had an inverse association with the perception of QOL in physical components (p = 0.008). Patterns of eating behavior and weight regain can damage the perception of QOL, especially physical capacity. Long-term follow-up is essential to evaluate the behavior of people who have undergone BS in order to prevent weight regain and QOL damage.
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Cirugía Bariátrica , Obesidad Mórbida , Adulto , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Aumento de PesoRESUMEN
Emotional eating (EE) is food consumption in response to feelings rather than hunger. EE is related to unhealthy food intake and abdominal obesity (AO). However, little evidence exists about the association between EE and dietary patterns (DPs) and EE−AO interaction related to DPs. DPs allow describing food combinations that people usually eat. We analyzed the association of EE with DPs in adults (≥18 years) with AO (WC ≥ 80/90 cm in women/men, respectively; n = 494; 66.8% women;) or without AO (n = 269; 74.2% women) in a cross-sectional study. Principal component analysis allowed identifying four DPs from 40 food groups (validated with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire). Among the subjects presenting AO, being "emotional/very-emotional eater" (emotional eating questionnaire) was negatively associated with the "Healthy" DP (fruits, vegetables, olive oil, oilseeds, legumes, fish, seafood) (OR:0.53; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.88, p = 0.013) and positively with the "Snacks and fast food" DP (sweet bread, breakfast cereal, corn, potato, desserts, sweets, sugar, fast food) (OR:1.88; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.03, p = 0.010). Emotional eaters with AO have significantly lower fiber intake, folic acid, magnesium, potassium, vitamin B1, and vitamin C, while they had a higher intake of sodium, lipids, mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fats. In non-AO participants, EE was not associated with any DP (p > 0.05). In conclusion, EE is associated with unhealthy DPs in subjects with AO.
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Dieta , Obesidad Abdominal , Estudios Transversales , Ingestión de Alimentos , Emociones , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidad , Bocadillos , VerdurasRESUMEN
Santa Fe Gully zone is a marginalized area of Mexico City where nearly 39% of children live with either overweight or obesity. Despite the extensive research on obesogenic behaviors, studies frequently overlook the contexts where such behaviors occur. This qualitative study described individual and familial obesogenic behaviors among children with obesity from Santa Fe Gully, and explained how these behaviors might be contextually shaped. We used a grounded theory approach to investigate the process of development/maintenance of obesity in our sample. Fifteen participants (seven 10-year-olds with overweight or obesity and their parents) participated in nine art-based focus groups, and parents completed individual semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using a structured thematic content analysis. Results showed children's weight status was part of their identity, providing children with a familial 'fitting' sense while increasing psychosocial difficulties, leading to emotional overeating as a coping strategy. Parents' use of controlling and low-structured parenting practices reinforced children's emotional overeating and failed to regulate children's dietary and physical activity behaviors. Some low-structured parenting practices were guilt-motivated or fostered by socioeconomic and cultural factors (e.g., limited food access, unhealthy food exposure, community unsafety). Future interventions in Santa Fe Gully aimed at modifying obesogenic behaviors should incorporate systemic and ecological approaches to help participants navigate through contextual obstacles, as their behaviors should be analized considering the context where they occur.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Alimentaria , Padres , Niño , Humanos , México , Obesidad/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Padres/psicologíaRESUMEN
Objective: To test the reliability and validity of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) in an online format in university students from low-income regions. Methods: We applied the questionnaire to a sample of 195 and 117 university students from a low-income region (Gini index of 0.56) to study validity and reliability, respectively. The DEBQ consists of 33 items on eating behavior in three dimensions/factors: emotional eating, restrained eating and external eating. The questionnaire was administered twice at 2-week intervals. We tested the reliability via temporal stability and internal consistency and construct validity via exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: For reliability, we identified an acceptable Spearman correlation coefficient (rho > 0.30 and p < 0.05) and Cronbach's alpha (α ≥ 0.70) for all DEBQ items. In the exploratory analysis, we identified 6 factors representing a mix of original and additional factors, with an explained variance of 69.1%. In the confirmatory analysis with structural equation modeling, we observed better global model adjustment for the 6-factor model with the Tucker-Lewis index and comparative fit index closer to one, as well as root mean square error of approximation closer to zero than the original (3-factor) model. Using generalized structural equation modeling, we also observed a better fit in latent class modeling for the 6-factor model (AIC: 16990.67; BIC. 17874.38) than for the 3-factor model (AIC: 17904.09; BIC: 18342.67). Conclusion: The online format of the DEBQ has acceptable reliability and validity for measuring eating behavior in university students from low-income regions.
RESUMEN
Perceived changes in diet quality, emotional eating, physical activity, and lifestyle were evaluated in a group of Mexican adults before and during COVID-19 confinement. In this study, 8289 adults answered an online questionnaire between April and May 2020. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported weight and height, diet quality, emotional eating, physical activity, and lifestyle changes were collected. Before and after confinement, differences by sociodemographic characteristics were assessed with Wilcoxon, Anova, and linear regression analyses. Most participants were women (80%) between 18 and 38 years old (70%), with a low degree of marginalisation (82.8%) and a high educational level (84.2%); 53.1% had a normal weight and 31.4% were overweight. Half (46.8%) of the participants perceived a change in the quality of their diet. The Diet Quality Index (DQI) was higher during confinement (it improved by 3 points) in all groups, regardless of education level, marginalisation level, or place of residence (p < 0.001). Lifestyle changes were present among some of the participants, 6.1% stopped smoking, 12.1% stopped consuming alcohol, 53.3% sleep later, 9% became more sedentary, and increased their screen (43%) as well as sitting and lying down time (81.6%). Mexicans with Internet access staying at home during COVID-19 confinement perceived positive changes in the quality of their diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption, but negative changes in the level of physical activity and sleep quality. These results emphasise the relevance of encouraging healthy lifestyle behaviours during and after times of crisis to prevent the risk of complications due to infectious and chronic diseases.