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BACKGROUND: Ivermectin (IVE), a broad-spectrum antiparasitic, is used in human and animal health. Analytical methods for evaluating IVE in pharmaceutical products are found in the literature and in official compendiums. However, the vast majority of them do not have an eco-friendly approach. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: The aim of this review is to present an overview of existing analytical methods for evaluating IVE in pharmaceutical matrices in the context of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) and show possibilities for increasing their greenness. RESULTS: GAC is a current alternative to promote sustainable development in laboratories and chemical-pharmaceutical industries, therefore, through its principles, such as reducing the use of aggressive solvents, it is possible to make processes more ecological. However, the vast majority of analytical methods available in the literature and official compendiums do not present an eco-friendly approach. 70% of the methods are by HPLC. Among the various pharmaceutical matrices, the most evaluated are tablets (37%). Of all the solvents used in HPLC, UPLC, HPLC-MS/MS, UV and TLC methods, the combination of methanol and acetonitrile is the most chosen, accounting for more than 50% of occurrences. CONCLUSIONS: Analytical methods for evaluating IVE-based products can be leveraged within the scope of GAC, bringing sustainable work opportunities to analytical development laboratories around the world. HIGHLIGHTS: This review shows an overview of the analytical methods present in the literature and official compendiums to evaluate pharmaceutical IVE matrices, in the context of green analytical chemistry.

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Flexible and wearable pressure sensors have attracted significant attention in the fields of smart medicine and human health monitoring. Nevertheless, the design and fabrication of degradable disposable pressure sensors still face urgent challenges. Herein, we fabricated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)-reinforced chitosan (CS) piezoelectric films for intelligent sensors through a simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly roll-forming method. The results show that PHB doping successfully increased the effective piezoelectric coefficient of the chitosan-based film from 40.12 to 49.38 pm/V (a 23% increase). Simultaneously, the pressure sensor based on the CS/PHB film exhibited excellent response sensitivity (484 mV/kPa) and a wide linear response range (0-130 kPa), which could be used as haptic sensors and motion monitoring sensors for the fast response to human motion signals. Additionally, the CS/PHB film could be completely degraded within 18 days in a natural soil environment, demonstrating outstanding degradability. Therefore, chitosan-based piezoelectric films with excellent biodegradability and piezoelectric characteristics have been successfully fabricated in this work, which will promote the innovative development of green chitosan-based electronic devices and disposable pressure sensors.

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Successfully integrating renewable energy sources depends on eco-friendliness, financial technology, and economic growth (GDP). This paper examines the dynamic effect of innovative financial and green technology on renewable energy for 38 emerging economies from 2006 to 2021. Using the dynamic First-difference Generalized Method of Moments (FD-GMM) model, the analysis identifies a critical GDP threshold of 1831.772 US dollars, significant at the 1 % confidence level. Below this threshold, GDP negatively affects green energy adoption, while above it, GDP positively influences the shift to greener energy, supporting the predicted U-shaped relationship in the data. The results conclude that eco-friendly and financial technology positively and significantly influence renewable energy adoption, where the dynamics and barriers to adopting eco-friendly and financial technologies in emerging countries may differ from those in developed nations. Based on the findings, relevant energy policies have been recommended for energy stakeholders, Tech firms and decision-makers.

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The preservation of tuna fish products, which are extremely perishable seafood items, is a substantial challenge due to their instantaneous spoilage caused by microbial development and oxidative degradation. The current review explores the potential of employing chitosan-gelatin-based edible films/coatings, which are enriched with plant extracts, as a sustainable method to prolong the shelf life of tuna fish products. The article provides a comprehensive overview of the physicochemical properties of chitosan and gelatin, emphasizing the molecular interactions that underpin the formation and functionality of these biopolymer-based films. The synergistic effects of combining chitosan and gelatin are explored, particularly in terms of improving the mechanical strength, barrier properties, and bioactivity of the films. Furthermore, the application of botanical extracts, which include high levels of antioxidants and antibacterial compounds, is being investigated in terms of their capacity to augment the protective characteristics of the films. The study also emphasizes current advancements in utilizing these composite films for tuna fish products, with a specific focus on their effectiveness in preventing microbiological spoilage, decreasing lipid oxidation, and maintaining sensory qualities throughout storage. Moreover, the current investigation explores the molecular interactions associated with chitosan-gelatin packaging systems enriched with plant extracts, offering valuable insights for improving the design of edible films and suggesting future research directions to enhance their effectiveness in seafood preservation. Ultimately, the review underscores the potential of chitosan-gelatin-based films/coatings as a promising, eco-friendly alternative to conventional packaging methods, contributing to the sustainability of the seafood industry.

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Biopolymer-based films are a promising alternative for the food packaging industry, in which petrochemical-based polymers like low-density polyethylene (LDPE) are commanding attention because of their high pollution levels. In this research, a biopolymer-based film made of chitosan (CS), gelatin (GEL), and glycerol (GLY) was designed. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) analysis was performed to determine the chitosan, gelatin, and glycerol content that improved the mechanical properties selected as response variables (thickness, tensile strength (TS), and elongation at break (EAB). The content of CS (1.1% w/v), GEL (1.1% w/v), and GLY (0.4% w/v) in the film-forming solution guarantees an optimized film (OPT-F) with a 0.046 ± 0.003 mm thickness, 11.48 ± 1.42 mPa TS, and 2.6 ± 0.3% EAB. The OPT-F was characterized in terms of thermal, optical, and biodegradability properties compared to LDPE films. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the OPT-F was thermally stable at temperatures below 300 °C, which is relevant to thermal processes in the food industry of packaging. The reduced water solubility (WS) (24.34 ± 2.47%) and the improved biodegradability properties (7.1%) compared with LDPE suggests that the biopolymer-based film obtained has potential applications in the food industry as a novel packaging material and can serve as a basis for the design of bioactive packaging.

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The green synthesis of ZnO NPs is becoming increasingly valued for its cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits. This study successfully synthesized hexagonal ZnO NPs using a combination of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and Thymus capitatus extracts. The use of both extracts significantly improved the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the ZnO NPs. By optimizing synthesis conditions, including ZnCl2 and extract concentrations, hexagonal wurtzite ZnO NPs were produced at room temperature with only drying at 80 °C without high-temperature annealing. The synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited a hexagonal morphology with an average particle size of 160 nm and a crystallite size of 30 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) confirmed the elemental composition of the ZnO NPs, showing a high carbon content (63.9 wt.%), reflecting the presence of phytochemicals from the extracts coated the ZnO NPs surface. The UV-Vis spectrum revealed an absorption peak at 370 nm and a bandgap energy of 2.8 eV due to lattice defects caused by organic impurities. The ZnO NPs demonstrated exceptional antioxidant activity, with a DPPH radical scavenging rate of 95.2%. They also exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with inhibition zones of 25 mm against Bacillus subtilis, 26 mm against Escherichia coli, 24 mm against Salmonella typhimurium, 22 mm against Klebsiella pneumoniae, 21 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, 20 mm against Staphylococcus hominis, and 18 mm against Bacillus subtilis at 200 ppm. Furthermore, significant antifungal activity was observed against Candida albicans, with an inhibition zone of 35 mm at the same concentration. These findings underscore the effectiveness of using combined plant extracts for producing ZnO NPs with controlled morphology and enhanced biological properties, highlighting their potential for various biomedical applications.

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This study explores the potential of graphene oxide (GO) as an additive in waterborne polyurethane (WPU) resins to create eco-friendly coatings with enhanced anticorrosive properties. Traditionally, WPU's hydrophilic nature has limited its use in corrosion-resistant coatings. We investigate the impact of incorporating various GO concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1.3 wt%) and functionalizing GO with ethylenediamine (EDA) on the development of anticorrosive coatings for carbon steel. It was observed, by potentiodynamic polarization analysis in a 3.5% NaCl solution, that the low GO content in the WPU matrix significantly improved anticorrosion properties, with the 0.01 wt% GO-EDA formulation showing exceptional performance, high Ecorr (-117.82 mV), low icorr (3.70 × 10-9 A cm-2), and an inhibition corrosion efficiency (η) of 99.60%. Raman imaging mappings revealed that excessive GO content led to agglomeration, creating pathways for corrosive species. In UV/condensation tests, the 0.01 wt% GO-EDA coating exhibited the most promising results, with minimal corrosion products compared to pristine WPU. The large lateral dimensions of GO sheets and the cross-linking facilitated by EDA enhanced the interfacial properties and dispersion within the WPU matrix, resulting in superior barrier properties and anticorrosion performance. This advancement underscores the potential of GO-based coatings for environmentally friendly corrosion protection.

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New energy vehicles (NEVs) are considered a crucial means of reducing travel costs, enhancing consumer experiences, and innovating services. This paper aims to categorize the functional experiences of NEVs into two types: intelligent experience and eco-friendly experience, using a dual-path model. By analyzing 118,648 text data from automotive information and service platforms, the relevant factors influencing consumer satisfaction are explored. The research findings reveal that intelligent experience has a significantly positive impact on consumer satisfaction, whereas eco-friendly experience has a significantly negative impact on consumer satisfaction. This suggests that new energy vehicle companies need technological innovation in infrastructure and range to enhance consumer satisfaction. Furthermore, the research confirms that, when facing the intelligent experience of new energy vehicles, consumers' "rational" thinking plays a dominant role, and efficacy is an intermediate variable to enhance consumer satisfaction. On the other hand, when facing the eco-friendly experience of new energy vehicles, consumers' "emotional" thinking predominates, and identity is an intermediate variable to enhance consumer satisfaction. Additionally, the moderating effect of perceived usability is examined. When faced with the intelligent experience of NEVs, consumers with high perceived usability are more likely to generate a sense of efficiency. In the case of the eco-friendly experience of NEVs, consumers with low perceived usability are more likely to experience a sense of identity.

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Phosphorus-containing flame retardants are prone to result in the buildup of biotoxins, while halogen flame retardants easily lead to hazardous gases. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a multifunctional flame-retardant cotton fabric without phosphorus and halogen. Herein, single-ended hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-ID) was synthesized through single-ended hydrosilicone oil and 1,4-butanediol, followed by the preparation of a waterborne polyurethane (RWPU) containing side chain polydimethylsiloxane through the reaction of PDMS-ID with isocyanate prepolymer. Characterization data shows that its particle size distribution is relatively dispersed while maintaining good emulsification performance. Based on this, a halogen-free and phosphorus-free multifunctional flame retardant cotton fabric (COF-BBN@RWPU) was successfully prepared through treatment with boric acid/borax/3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane solution and subsequent RWPU encapsulation. In vertical flammability test (VFT), COF-BBN@RWPU has a char length of 57 mm and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 42.3 % with a 11 % weight gain while pure cotton was burned through with a LOI of 18.0 %. In addition, the total heat release and total smoke release of COF-BBN@RWPU decreased by 80.0 % and 47.2 %, compared with pure cotton. Additionally, COF-BBN@RWPU can achieve a maximum contact angle of 140.1° with an oil-water separation rate of 98.4 %. This study presents an eco-friendly approach to achieving the multifunctionality of cellulose fabrics.

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Chemical pollutants such as mycotoxins and pesticides exert harmful effects on human health such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer. Several strategies were applied for food decontamination, including physicochemical and biological strategies. The present review comprehensively discussed the recent efforts related to the biodegradation of eight food chemical contaminants, including mycotoxins, acrylamide, biogenic amines, N-nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, bisphenol A, pesticides, and heavy metals by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Biological detoxification by LAB such as Lactobacillus is a promising approach to remove the risks related to the presence of chemical and environmental pollutants in foodstuffs. It is a safe, efficient, environmentally friendly, and low-cost strategy to remove hazardous compounds. LAB can directly decrease these chemical pollutants by degradation or adsorption. Also, it can indirectly reduce the content of these pollutants by reducing their precursors. Hence, LAB can contribute to reducing chemical pollutants in contaminated foods and enhance food safety.

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World hunger is getting worse, while one-third of food produced around the globe is wasted and never consumed. It is vital to reduce food waste to promote the sustainability of food systems, and improved food packaging solutions can augment this effort. The utilization of biomaterials in smart food packaging not only enhances food preservation and safety but also aligns with current demands for eco-friendly technologies to mitigate the impacts of climate change. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the developments in the field of food packaging based on the innovative use of biomaterials. It emphasizes the potential use of biomaterials derived from nature including cellulose, chitosan, keratin, etc. for this purpose. Various smart food packaging technologies such as active and intelligent packaging are discussed in detail including scavenging additives, colour-changing environment indicators, sensors, RFID tags, etc. The article also delves into the utilization of edible films and coatings, nanoparticle fillers and 2D materials in food packaging systems. Furthermore, it outlines the challenges and opportunities in this dynamic domain, emphasizing the ongoing need for research and innovation to shape the future of sustainable and smart food packaging solutions to enhance and monitor the shelf-life of food products.

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Weed infestation is one of the most damaging biotic factors to limit crop production by competing with the crop for space, water, and nutrients. Different conventional approaches are being used to cope with weed infestation, including labor intensive manual removal and the use of soil-degrading, crop-damaging, and environment-deteriorating chemical herbicides. The use of chemicals for weed control has increased 2-fold after the green revolution and their non-judicious use is posing serious threats to mankind, animals, and biodiversity. The detrimental effects of these approaches have shifted the researchers' attention from the last two decades towards alternate, sustainable, and eco-friendly approaches to cope with weed infestation. The recent approaches of weed control, including plant and microbial allelopathy have gained popularity during last decade. Farmers still use conventional methods, but the majority of farmers are very passionate about organic agriculture and describe it as a slogan in the developed world. The effectiveness of these approaches lies in host specificity by selective bacteria and differential response towards weeds and crops. Moreover, the crop growth promoting effect of microorganisms (allelopathic bacteria) possessing various growth promoting traits, that is, mineral solubilization, phytohormone production, and beneficial enzymatic activity, provide additional benefits. The significance of this review lies in the provision of a comprehensive comparison of the conventional approaches along with their potential limitations with advanced/biological weed control approaches in sustainable production. In addition, the knowledge imparted about weed control will contribute to a better understanding of biological control methods.

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Natural and renewable polymers are gradually replacing petroleum-based plastics, mostly as a result of environmental concerns. Moreover, upcycling industrial food waste into new added-value products is a creative approach that is crucial for cleaner and more sustainable manufacturing. The aim of this study was to obtain an environmentally friendly biodegradable film using a combination of k-carrageenan (KCAR) and chicken gelatin (CGEL), which obtained from poultry by-products. The effects of varying concentrations of KCAR (0-2%) on the physical, permeability, textural, thermal, and microstructural properties of CGEL/KCAR composite films were evaluated. The findings demonstrated that an increase in KCAR enhanced the lightness and opacity levels of the films. Water vapor permeability (WVP) values reduced as the KCAR concentration increased. The lowest WVP value (0.0012 g.mm/h.m2.kpa) was seen in the treatment with 2% KCAR. Tensile strength (TS) values increased with increasing KCAR. The films' thermal stability was increased by the addition of KCAR. Microstructure assessments revealed a more compact and smooth structure in the KCAR-containing treatments, indicating improvements in WVP, thermal stability, and TS. Compared to the commercial cattle gelatin film, the CGEL film had higher TS and lower water solubility (WS). Overall, this study showed that the physical, mechanical, barrier and thermal and microstructural qualities of gelatin-based films may be enhanced by combining CGEL and KCAR to create an effective biodegradable film. Moreover, the comparison study between commercial cattle and chicken gelatin films revealed that cross-linked chicken gelatin films would be a suitable alternative for bovine gelatin films in the production of biodegradable film.

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HYPOTHESIS: Nanoparticle-stabilized foams are extremely stable, and flame retardant inorganic nanoparticles should be able to add sealing capacity of firefighting foams on flammable liquid fuels, and hence enhance fire extinguishment performance on liquid fuel fire. In practice, how do flame retardant nanoparticles resist the destructive effect of oil molecules on foam and tune foam properties? EXPERIMENTS: We have prepared a nanoparticle-enhanced foam comprising of hydrocarbon surfactant, short-chain fluorocarbon surfactant, and nanoparticles. The interactions among nanoparticles and surfactant molecules were characterized by using dynamic surface tension and conductivity. Stability, rheology, and oil resistivity on liquid fuel of the nanoparticle-enhanced foam were evaluated systematically. Fire suppression effectiveness of the foams was verified based on a standard experiment. FINDINGS: Foam stability and oil resistivity were enhanced due to self-assembled network structures formed by jammed aggregates composed by nanoparticles and surfactants in Plateau borders and bubble films, providing structural recoverability and enhanced viscoelasticity within foam. Foams containing nano-SiO2, nano-CaCO3, nano-Al(OH)3, and nano-Mg(OH)2 show difference in fire extinguishment due to different ability to enhance foam properties. Foam containing nano-Al(OH)3 shows the strongest adaptation and could shorten fire extinguishing time by 2 times and prolong burn-back time by 2.3 times compared with commercial product.

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Infestation by various insect pests is the main constraint for growing rice where rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) can severely damage rice plants directly through feeding. Therefore, the study aims to detect rice brown planthoppers (BPH) and provide environment-friendly management tactics to mitigate the problem which caused by brown planthoppers. The BPH samples were collected from rice fields of different locations in the Patuakhali of Bangladesh for molecular identification. A molecularly single species of rice brown planthopper, Nilaparavata lugens was identified using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) universal marker. The nucleotide sequences of collected samples were compared with other nucleotide sequences from the GenBank database of NCBI, which make single clades in the phylogenetic tree at an insignificant distance. Moreover, brown planthopper management observations were recorded in laboratory conditions after providing an artificial diet with different treatments of plant-based insecticides Neem oil (1 %, 5 %, and 10 %), Castor oil (1 %, 5 %, and 10 %) where only 20 % sucrose solution was used as negative control and Abamectin (1 %, 5 % and 10 %) were also used as a positive control for comparing the efficacy of plant-based insecticides on rice brown planthoppers. The results showed the highest mortality (100 %) of rice brown planthoppers was recorded by Abamectin 10 %, followed by Abamectin 5 %. Neem 10 % performed better than Abamectin 1 % during 1st hour. Initial after exposure of 2nd hour for Abamectin 1 % revealed greater mortality (59 %) than Neem 10 %. Neem 5 % showed less effect on mortality in brown planthopper than Neem 10 % but was higher than Neem 1 % during 6 h of observation. The Castor oil of 10 % caused higher mortality than the Castor of 5 % but not up to the marks of Abamectin and different concentrations of Neem oil. Castor oil of 1 % and control have shown no mortality of brown planthopper for 6 h of observation.

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One of the key aspects of futureproofing the sustainability of life on earth lies in the protection of the hydrosphere, particularly from soluble heavy metal ion pollutants. In the current study, the central composite design and optimization of the ion-exchange process have been carried out for the simultaneous removal of selected cations; Cd2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ cations using synthesized zeolite 4A. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of zeolite 4A. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of the synthesized zeolite was 32 m2/g. Results mainly indicate that there is a strong relationship between the experimental data and central composite design-based models of ion removal efficiency with R2 > 0.9 and the lack of fit less than 0.1 %. All the selected ion exchange parameters (time, dosage, pH, and temperature) were found to be statistically significant, with a p-value less than 0.05. For the complete simultaneous removal of selected cations, the optimal zeolite dosage, pH, and contact time are 1.2 g/100 cm3, 6, and 3 h. The optimal temperature ranges from 25 to 27 °C. The initial concentration of each selected cation is 450 mg/L. The ion exchange is in good agreement with the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. Based on the Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum Cd2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ uptake capacity values of zeolite are 103, 99.89, and 82.08 mg/g, respectively. In this study, it has been mainly inferred that CCD can be considered a useful tool for the modeling and optimization of zeolite ion exchange applications.

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Indian jujube (Ber) is highly perishable climacteric fruit owing to high decay index limiting its marketability and demands interventions to prolong shelf life. Fungicides are normally used to control rot during postharvest storage, however, residues left necessitate eco-safe alternatives like hot water dipping. Mature, pre-climacteric jujubes were dipped in 45, 50 or 55 °C water for 8, 6 or 4 min, respectively and then stored at 5 °C for periodic quality evaluation. Dipping fruits in 55 °C water resulted in 32.69 and 35.27, 64.21 and 58.57, 30.41 and 30.42, 38.50 and 52.20 % lower weight loss, decay index, malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage, whereas 15.40 and 16.77, 19.51 and 20.48 % greater antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid respectively for Umran and Pakwhite compared to 25 °C water dip. The highest glucose, fructose, malic, citric, and tartaric acids were 23.44 ± 1.04 and 29.9 ± 0.95, 30.68 ± 1.72 and 41.17 ± 2.34 mg/100 g, 138.1 ± 6.45 and 112.97 ± 6.16, 57.49 ± 1.71 and 53.78 ± 1.90, 79.58 ± 5.1 and 65.3 ± 4.83 µg/100 g whereas lower sucrose 12.34 ± 0.94 and 16.33 ± 1.05 mg/100 g were respectively recorded in 55 °C water dipped Umran and Pakwhite fruits. High dip water temperature (55 °C) exhibited better quality with the lowest decay index and weight loss, greater membrane integrity, bioactives content and sensory acceptance scores. Hence, hot water dipping was shown to be an effective residue-free option to extend the marketable period of jujubes to capture distant markets.

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This study evaluates the mechanical properties and formulation of dental restoration material comprised of cellulose acetate (CA) from water hyacinth and chitosan (C) from white shrimp shells. The research phases included extraction, formulation, functional group testing, antibacterial, toxicity, water absorption and solubility, compressive, shear, tensile, hardness, microleakage, thermal expansion, and shrinkage. The experimental data were analyzed using probit regression, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis test. The data showed that CA and C had microxyl and amine groups, could inhibit S. mutans, and were non-toxic. Composite resins were divided into nine formulations with different concentrations: F1 (1 % CA + 3 % C), F2 (1 % CA + 5 % C), F3 (1 % CA + 7 % C), F4 (3 % CA + 3 % C), F5 (3 % CA + 5 % C), F6 (3 % CA + 7 % C), F7 (5 % CA + 3 % C), F8 (5 % CA + 5 % C), and F9 (5 % CA + 7 % C). The F9 has mechanical strength close to the control group, with 113.33 µg/mm3 absorption, 80 µg/mm3 solubility, 32.67 Mpa compressive strength, 17.18 Mpa tensile strength, and no shrinkage. It shows that F9 has potential as an eco-friendly dental filling material. The present study completed the development of a formulation for a restoration material by combining water hyacinth fiber and shrimp skin chitosan. The outcomes of a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties of synthetic composite resins and water hyacinth fiber composites containing shrimp skin chitosan revealed that the F9 formulation (CA 5 % + C 7 %) exhibited the following fiber: absorption, compressive strength, tensile strength, hardness, and thermal expansion.

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Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting based on colloidal quantum dots (QDs) presents a promising approach for utilizing solar energy to produce green hydrogen energy. Previous research has been mainly focused on the single-photoelectrode QDs-PEC device operated under external bias, while the investigation of dual-photoelectrode configuration for self-biased QDs-PEC system is still lacking. In this work, two types of eco-friendly Cu-AISe/ZnSe:Cu (CZAC) and Mn-AIS/ZnS@Cu (MAZC) QDs were used to respectively sensitize the semiconductor n-type TiO2 and p-type Cu2O photoelectrodes, which acted as the photoanode and photocathode to build a heavy metal-free QDs-based bias-free solar water splitting cell, yielding a maximum photocurrent density of 0.47 mA cm-2 and a solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of 0.4% under 1 sun AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW cm-2). Moreover, approximate 692 nmol of H2 and 355 nmol of O2 with molar ratio of ~2:1 was detected after two hours of continuous light illumination, demonstrating the effective overall water splitting. This work indicates a significant advancement towards the realization of a cost-effective, efficient and "green" QDs-based artificial solar-to-fuel conversion system.

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Cariprazine represents a new generation of antipsychotic medication, characterized by its heightened affinity for the D3 receptor. It has recently obtained approval as an adjunctive treatment option for patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder. In this study, a novel approach utilizing fluorescence spectroscopy was developed to analyze cariprazine. The methodology involves the transformation of cariprazine into a fluorescent compound by means of chemical derivatization with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl). Following excitation at 470 nm, the fluorescent derivative displayed peak fluorescence emission at 550 nm. The factors influencing the derivatization process were optimized. Upon reaching the optimal reaction conditions, a linear correlation (r2 = 0.9995) was observed between the fluorescence intensity and concentrations of cariprazine ranging from 20 to 400 ng/ml. Detection and quantitation limits were determined to be 5.85 and 17.74 ng/ml, respectively. The approach was accurate and precise, with percent recovery values ranging from 98.14% to 99.91% and relative standard deviations of less than 2%. Application of the method to the analysis of cariprazine in bulk and commercial capsules forms yielded accurate results. Moreover, adherence to environmentally friendly analytical practices was evident through alignment with the principles of green analysis, as demonstrated by the analytical eco-scale, AGREE, and GAPI greenness assessment tools.

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