RESUMEN

Reactive "syringomatoid" eccrine proliferations are a well-established phenomenon, which can show similar but less extensive histological features of a syringoma. The cut-off between syringomatoid hyperplasia and syringomas is subjective and given the considerable morphological overlap, it is possible they represent two points on the same spectrum. Syringomatoid hyperplasia has been associated with several conditions including neoplasms and inflammatory dermatoses. Herein, we describe an extremely rare case of syringomatoid hyperplasia occurring with calcinosis cutis in a 54-year-old Caucasian male. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first such case described in the literature.

RESUMEN

Eccrine chromhidrosis (CH) is a rare condition characterized by the excretion of colored sweat from eccrine glands. This case report contributes to the medical literature by highlighting two instances of eccrine CH linked to over-the-counter personal care products, an association not previously documented. These products contained FD&C Blue No. 1, D&C Red No. 33, and Ext. D&C Violet No. 2, which are known colorants in various consumer items. These cases underscore the potential for personal care products containing colored dyes to cause eccrine CH. The medical community and consumers must be vigilant about product ingredients to facilitate an accurate diagnosis and promote informed usage. Healthcare professionals should consider the role of colored personal care products in their differential diagnosis of CH to recognize and address potential risks effectively. These cases emphasize the need to actively include colored personal care products in medical considerations to ensure that healthcare practices and consumer awareness properly recognize and address potential risks associated with these products.

RESUMEN

Introduction: Poroid neoplasms (PN) are a heterogeneous group of tumors deriving from sweat glands and folliculo-sebaceous units. Their histological classification and clinical features are challenging. Our aim was to report clinicopathological features of poroid neoplasms. Methods: It is a retrospective study including all cases of poroid neoplasms registered at our Pathology laboratory of Niamey National Hospital (February 2020-February 2024). Results: We registered 13 cases of benign poroid neoplasms: 10 classic poromas (CP) (76.9%), 2 poroid hidradenomas (PH) (15.4%) and 1 dermal duct tumor (DDT) (7.7%). Nine cases (69.2%) had preoperative clinical diagnosis of malignancy. The mean age was 41.1 years (range of 12-70 years) with a slight female predominance. Only 4/13 cases (30.8%) had classical palmoplantar locations. The tumors mean size was 3.7 cm (range of 0.4-8 cm). Clear cells were present in 7 cases (53.8%), apocrine ductal differentiation (mixed or pure) in 6 cases (46.2%), keratin horns in 2 cases (15.4%), squamous eddies in 6 cases (46.2%), melanin pigments in 1 case (7.7%) and sebaceous differentiation in 2 cases (15.4%). Conclusions: Unlike what is classically reported, our study shows that apocrine ductal differentiation, younger age and non-palmoplantar locations are common in poroid neoplasms.

RESUMEN

Erythema papulatum centrifugum (EPC), also known as erythema papulosa semicircularis recidivans, is a rare dermatological condition characterized by single or multiple annular or semi-annular centrifugally growing lesions surrounded by tiny erythematous papules typically observed on the trunk. EPC is prevalent, particularly in Japan and China, although only a few cases have been reported outside Asia. Herein, we present the case of a 47-year-old female from Thailand who experienced a pruritic annular erythematous rash on her right arm for two months. The diagnosis of EPC was established based on clinical manifestations and confirmed by histopathological examination. The lesions resolved after one month of treatment with 0.1% betamethasone valerate cream and avoiding warm weather. This case report contributes to the understanding of EPC, which may be underrecognized in clinical practice due to its self-limiting nature and frequent misdiagnosis. Furthermore, this article provides a comprehensive review of 17 previously reported cases of EPC, focusing on their detailed descriptions.

RESUMEN

Rationale: Reconstruction of hair follicles (HFs) and eccrine sweat glands (ESGs) is essential for functional skin regeneration. In skin reconstruction research, we found that foreskin-derived epidermal cells reconstructed HF organoids unidirectionally, but not ESG organoids. Methods: To investigate key genes and pathways influencing the fate of ESG and HF, a transcriptome profiling of ESG placode-containing skin and HF placode-containing skin was employed, and key DEGs were identified and validated by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining in mice and rats. Subsequently, adult human epidermal cell-derived organoids were reconstructed to probe functional roles and mechanisms of FGF7 and FGF10 by series of approaches integrating RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence-staining, WB, apoptosis assay, and pathway interference assay. Results: All members of FGF7 subfamily were among the key DEGs screened, the differential expression of FGF7 and FGF10 and their receptors FGFR1/FGFR2 was verified between ESG placode-containing skin and HF placode-containing skin. In vivo and in vitro Matrigel plug models showed that both FGF7 and FGF10 promoted fate transition of human epidermal cell-derived organoids to ESG phenotype organoids, FGF7 and FGF10 had a synergistic effect, and mainly function through the FGFR1/2-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway. Conclusions: Adult epidermal cells can be manipulated to reconstruct personalized HF and ESG to meet different needs.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Eccrine carcinoma (EC) is a rare intraepidermal carcinoma of the eccrine sweat glands. Even more rare are instances of EC exhibiting intracranial invasion. Here, we describe the case of a metachronous EC mass demonstrating intracranial invasion in a patient with advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), reporting CT head findings of a left frontal skull expansile destructive mass with soft tissue density and immunostain findings of the following: CEA: positive, granular, EMA: positive, AE1/AE3: positive, CK7: strongly positive, CK20: negative, GCDFP: negative, and HEPAR: negative. The only recommended treatment for EC is surgical excision with tumor-free margins, and no chemotherapy protocols currently exist. Due to socioeconomic factors, our patient was unable to receive adequate treatment for her HCC, nor surgical excision for her EC. However, the unique presentation of a rare intracranial EC tumor causing no neurological deficits in a patient with untreated HCC merits the need for a more thorough identification of secondary tumors via biopsy in patients with HCC to identify possible associations between these two tumors in future patients.

RESUMEN

Papillary eccrine adenoma (PEA) is a rare benign eccrine gland neoplasm presenting as a solitary nodule, primarily in middle-aged African American females. Accurate histological diagnosis is crucial due to its potential to mimic adnexal carcinomas. Complete excision is recommended due to its risk of local aggression and recurrence. A 75-year-old Caucasian male with a history of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) presented with a recurrent pink, scaly nodule on the right medial pretibial leg area. Initial biopsy showed benign PEA. The lesion recurred after one year, and a re-biopsy confirmed a tubulopapillary adenoma within a scar. The lesion was excised with a 2 mm margin. PEA is characterized histologically by dilated ducts lined by a dual layer of tumor cells, often with intraluminal papillae structures. Immunohistochemical staining aids diagnosis, with markers such as S-100, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) indicating eccrine differentiation. Differential diagnoses include adnexal carcinomas and BCC with eccrine differentiation. Complete excision is necessary to prevent recurrence.

RESUMEN

Squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma is a rare infiltrative tumor with morphologic features intermediate between squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and sweat gland carcinomas such as microcystic adnexal carcinoma. Although currently classified as a sweat gland carcinoma, it has been debated whether squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma is better classified as a variant of SCC. Furthermore, therapeutic options for patients with advanced disease are lacking. Here, we describe clinicopathologic features of a cohort of 15 squamoid eccrine ductal carcinomas from 14 unique patients, with next-generation sequencing DNA profiling for 12 cases. UV signature mutations were the dominant signature in the majority of cases. TP53 mutations were the most highly recurrent specific gene alteration, followed by mutations in NOTCH genes. Recurrent mutations in driver oncogenes were not identified. By unsupervised comparison of global transcriptome profiles in squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma (n = 7) to SCC (n = 10), porocarcinoma (n = 4), and microcystic adnexal carcinoma (n = 4), squamoid eccrine ductal carcinomas displayed an intermediate phenotype between SCC and sweat gland tumors. Squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma displayed significantly higher expression of 364 genes (including certain eccrine markers) and significantly lower expression of 525 genes compared with other groups. Our findings support the classification of squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma as a carcinoma with intermediate features between SCC and sweat gland carcinoma.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

This report details the surgical management of a rare case of hidradenocarcinoma in a 70-year-old man presenting as a large multilobulated swelling on the dorsum of the nose. Following histopathological confirmation, the patient underwent wide complete excision of the tumour, coupled with sentinel lymph node dissection. Reconstruction involved the use of a paramedian forehead flap and cheek advancement flap. The successful outcome underscores the importance of early diagnosis and a comprehensive surgical approach for managing hidradenocarcinoma on the nasal dorsum.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Sweat chloride concentration is used both for CF diagnosis and for tracking CFTR modulator efficacy over time, but the relationship between sweat chloride and lung health is heterogeneous and informed by CFTR genotype. Here, we endeavored to characterize ion transport in eccrine sweat glands (ESGs). METHODS: First, ESGs were microdissected from a non-CF skin donor to analyze individual glands. We established primary cultures of ESG cells via conditional reprogramming for functional testing of ion transport by short circuit current measurement and examined cell composition by single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) comparing with whole dissociated ESGs. Secondly, we cultured nasal epithelial (NE) cells and ESGs from two people with CF (pwCF) to assess modulator efficacy. Finally, NEs and ESGs were grown from one person with the CFTR genotype F312del/F508del to explore genotype-phenotype heterogeneity. RESULTS: ESG primary cells from individuals without CF demonstrated robust ENaC and CFTR function. scRNA-seq demonstrated both secretory and ductal ESG markers in cultured ESG cells. In both NEs and ESGs from pwCF homozygous for F508del, minimal baseline CFTR function was observed, and treatment with CFTR modulators significantly enhanced function. Notably, NEs from an individual bearing F312del/F508del exhibited significant baseline CFTR function, whereas ESGs from the same person displayed minimal CFTR function, consistent with observed phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: This study has established a novel primary culture technique for ESGs that allows for functional ion transport measurement to assess modulator efficacy and evaluate genotype-phenoytpe heterogeneity. To our knowledge, this is the first reported application of conditional reprogramming and scRNA-seq of microdissected ESGs.

RESUMEN

Eccrine poroma and poroid hidradenoma are uncommon benign poroid neoplasms derived from eccrine sweat glands. There are four types of poroid neoplasms according to the position within the skin layer: hidroacanthoma simplex, eccrine poroma, dermal duct tumor, and poroid hidradenoma. Poroid neoplasms usually arise as slow-growing solitary lesions and can present different clinical presentations, such as a foot mass, an ulceration lesion, a solid cyst, a bleeding lesion or suspected melanoma. Extremities are the most common sites, especially hands and feet. However, the coexistence of these two tumors in a single lesion is extremely rare. Surgical excision represents the main treatment and can be curative, preventing malignant changes and recurrence. We describe a rare solitary tumor over the foot with clinical and histopathological features of an association of an eccrine poroma and a poroid hidradenoma that was surgically treated with no recurrence at the midterm follow-up. Level of Evidence IV, Case Report.

RESUMEN

Allergy and its manifestations were first appreciated in the 1870 s. Today, the mechanism by which specific substances elicit allergic reactions remains poorly understood. This is problematic from a healthcare perspective because the prevalence of allergic disease and its societal costs are substantial. Regarding mechanistic understanding of allergy, a new proposal, The Acari Hypothesis, has been forwarded. The Hypothesis, borne from consideration of alpha-gal syndrome, postulates that acarians, i.e., mites and ticks, are operative agents of allergy. By way of their pathogenic payloads and salivary pattern recognition receptor(s), acarians potentiate in human hosts the generation of IgE against acarian dietary elements. Those elements account for most, if not all, known human allergens. Inasmuch as acarian-human interactions occur on human epithelial surfaces, it is to be expected factors that influence the presence and/or operation of acarians on those surfaces influence the expression of allergic diseases. In this report, it is proposed that two adaptations of catarrhine primates, i.e., Old World monkeys, apes and humans, evolved to deter acarian species: firstly, the expansion of eccrine glands across the entirety of body surface area, and, secondly, the secretion of sweat by those glands. Contemporary hygienic practices that reduce and/or disrupt the operation of eccrine glands are likely responsible for the increase in allergic disease seen today.

RESUMEN

Eccrine acrospiroma is a rare benign tumor of the skin arising from the epithelial cells of eccrine sweat ducts. The clinical picture is characterized by its variability, so a detailed morphological study of the operative material is necessary to establish a diagnosis. Differential diagnosis must be carried out with hemangioma, melanoma, infected sebaceous cyst, metastatic skin lesion, and other tumors from elements of the sweat gland. In the article the authors presented the clinical and morphological analysis of own case from practice of large eccrine acrospiroma on the back surface of the left thigh which was diagnosed in a 56-year-old man.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The development of an effective transdermal drug delivery protocol to eccrine sweat glands is important for the advancement of research on the human sweating response. We investigated whether microneedle treatment prior to the application of pilocarpine, a hydrophilic and sudorific agent that does not induce sweating due to a limited percutaneous passive diffusion by skin application alone, augments sweat production. We applied three microneedle arrays to forearm skin sites simultaneously (n = 20). Upon removal of the microneedles, 1 % pilocarpine was applied to each site for 5-, 15-, and 30-min for the assessment of sweat gland function. In parallel, pilocarpine was administered by transdermal iontophoresis (5-min) at a separate site. Sweat rate was assessed continuously via the ventilated capsule technique. Pilocarpine augmented sweat rate at the 15- and 30-min periods as compared to the application at 5-min. The sweating responses induced by the 15- and 30-min application of pilocarpine were equivalent to âˆ¼ 80 % of that measured at the iontophoretically treated sites. Notably, we observed a correlation in sweat rate between these two transdermal drug delivery methods. Altogether, our findings show that pre-treatment of microneedle arrays can enhance transdermal delivery efficiency of pilocarpine to human eccrine sweat glands.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH) is one of the cutaneous manifestations of chemotherapy side effects. However, it can arise from other non-chemotherapy medications. The granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor is a medication reported to trigger NEH.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Malignant sweat gland tumors are rare, with the most common being eccrine porocarcinoma (EP). Approximately 18% of benign eccrine poroma (EPO) transit to EP. Previous research has provided first insights into the mutational landscape of EP. However, only few studies have performed gene expression analyses. This leaves a gap in the understanding of EP biology and potential drivers of malignant transformation from EPO to EP. METHODS: Transcriptome profiling of 23 samples of primary EP and normal skin (NS). Findings from the EP samples were then tested in 17 samples of EPO. RESULTS: Transcriptome profiling revealed diversity in gene expression and indicated biologically heterogeneous sub-entities as well as widespread gene downregulation in EP. Downregulated genes included CD74, NDGR1, SRRM2, CDC42, ANXA2, KFL9 and NOP53. Expression levels of CD74, NDGR1, SRRM2, ANXA2, and NOP53 showed a stepwise-reduction in expression from NS via EPO to EP, thus supporting the hypothesis that EPO represents a transitional state in EP development. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that EP is molecularly complex and that evolutionary trajectories correspond to tumor initiation and progression. Our results provide further evidence implicating the p53 axis and the EGFR pathway. Larger samples are warranted to confirm our findings.

Asunto(s)