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Introduction: Both electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and social media use among youth are public health concerns. While the health impacts of extensive social media use and frequent use of e-cigarettes have been discussed independently in the literature, little is known about the relationship between the two. This study aims to examine the potential association between extensive social media use and the frequency of current, e-cigarette use among United States (US) youth. Methods: Data from the 2022 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) were analyzed. The sample included 23,655 middle and high school students aged 9-18 years. Frequency of current e-cigarette use was categorized based on past-30 day use (i.e., never/former, 1-9 days, 10-29 days, or 30 days). Social media use was dichotomized into less than 4 hours daily and 4+ hours daily (i.e., extensive use). Multivariable multinomial logistic regression estimated the relationship between social media use and e-cigarette use frequency. Results: Over one-third (35.8 %) of youth used social media extensively and 8.6 % reported current use of e-cigarettes. Extensive social media use was associated with daily e-cigarette use (OR: 1.94, 95 % CI: 1.48-2.56) but not with other use categories. Older age, female sex, lower grades, current other tobacco use, and family tobacco use were also associated with daily e-cigarette use. Conclusions: Extensive social media use is associated with daily e-cigarette use among US youth. Public health interventions should consider the influence of social media on tobacco use behaviors and tailor prevention strategies to address this potential modifiable risk factor.

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Introduction: The FDA oversees regulatory aspects of all U.S. tobacco products. Understanding the impact of emerging health trends and incidents associated with various tobacco and nicotine products is vital for public health. This study utilizes the FDA's Tobacco Product Problem Reports (TPPRs) to characterize and track adverse health events (AHEs) associated with tobacco and nicotine products over time, considering the impact of EVALI and the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: FDA TPPRs from 2017-2022 provided information on AHEs related to various tobacco products. After data cleaning, 839 reports were categorized by two independent coders based on affected health category, frequency of AHEs reports, and proportion of AHEs per each health category. Additionally, variations in AHEs over time were assessed, considering major health events like EVALI and the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Among the 839 reports, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) were the primary product of concern, comprising 90.6% (n = 760) of all reports, surpassing traditional cigarettes (5.1%; n = 43) and other products. Notably, 45.6% of reports (n = 383) identified the neurological system as the most frequently mentioned health category, each reporting at least one AHE. This was followed by the respiratory (39.1%; n = 328) and digestive (10.7%; n = 90) systems. Among all reported AHEs, respiratory system issues were most frequent (25.9%; n = 512), closely followed by neurological (25.2%; n = 499) and digestive (6.6%; n = 131) concerns. Most reports occurred in 2019 (65.7%; n = 551), coinciding with the EVALI outbreak, with a subsequent decline post-Q3 2019, highlighting the potential impact of specific health crises on reporting trends. Conclusion: E-cigarettes dominated adverse health reports, particularly affecting the neurological and respiratory systems, with a peak in 2019. Our findings provide insights to regulatory entities and future research, enhancing understanding of AHEs in lesser-explored bodily systems, such as the neurological and digestive systems. This study emphasizes the need for ongoing and improved surveillance of emerging tobacco products to protect public health.

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Little is known about vaping and its associated factors among Asian adolescents worldwide. We did a scoping review of the international literature on vaping among Asian adolescents. The prevalence of Asian adolescent vaping varied by the country's e-cigarette policies: the highest prevalence in Indonesia 32.2% (ever vapers) and 11.8% (current vapers) in 2019 and the lowest in Japan with 2.1% to 3.5% (ever vapers) and 0.7% to 1.0% (current vapers) in 2017. In New Zealand, a Western country with strong tobacco control but liberal policies on vaping, the prevalence of ever vaping was 20.4%, regular vaping 4.2%, and weekly vaping 2.8% in 2019. The most common reasons for vaping in both contexts were curiosity and peer influence. The internet as a popular source of information on vaping was identified mostly in Asian studies. In Asian contexts, the most common reasons for more frequent vaping were the desire to quit smoking and the ability to vape indoors, whereas in Western countries, the top three reasons were nicotine concentration, nicotine dependence, and more daily vaping sessions. Regular monitoring and more targeted research to understand adolescents' vaping behaviors will need to be undertaken on this heterogeneous population to inform appropriate policies and regulations.

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PURPOSE: To examine ice flavor use and its correlates among middle and high school students who currently (any past 30-day) used e-cigarettes. METHODS: The 2023 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) assessed for the first time the use of e-cigarette flavors that included the word "ice" or "iced" in the name. Using logistic regression, data from the 2023 NYTS were used to examine differences in sociodemographic characteristics and tobacco use behaviors by ice flavor use among students who currently used e-cigarettes (n=1,565). RESULTS: Among middle and high school students who currently used e-cigarettes, an estimated 1.1 million or 57.9% reported ice flavor use. Youth who currently used e-cigarettes were more likely to use ice flavors if they used e-cigarettes on ≥20 of the past 30 days compared to 1-5 days (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]=2.31, 95% CI: 1.36-3.94); used fruit (aOR=2.27, 95% CI: 1.36-3.80), candy (aOR=2.73, 95% CI:1.54-4.82), or mint flavors (aOR=3.63, 95% CI:1.98-6.65) compared to those who did not use the respective flavor type; reported any nicotine dependence compared to those who did not (aOR= 1.71, 95% CI:1.04-2.80); or had mild/moderate (aOR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.01-3.83) or severe psychological distress (aOR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.25-4.62) compared to those without psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS: The present study found that ice-flavored e-cigarette use among youth was associated with use of e-cigarettes on ≥20 days, use of fruit, candy, or mint flavors, any symptoms of nicotine dependence, and psychological distress (mild/moderate, severe). Emergence of novel flavor categories and features of e-cigarettes warrant continued surveillance to provide an understanding of associated use patterns, especially among youth. IMPLICATIONS: This study examined ice flavor use and its correlates among middle and high school students who currently used e-cigarettes. Ice-flavored e-cigarette use among youth was positively associated with frequent e-cigarettes use, use of fruit, candy, or mint flavors, and any symptoms of nicotine dependence. Additionally, the likelihood of ice-flavored e-cigarette use was associated with severity of psychological distress.

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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze tobacco and marijuana use by middle and high school students identifying as bisexual, gay, lesbian, or heterosexual using data from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) spanning from 2020 to 2022. By comparing substance use patterns among different sexual orientation groups, the study sought to identify disparities and potential socioeconomic factors influencing these behaviors. METHODS: Data from the 2020 to 2022 NYTS were analyzed, focusing on responses regarding ever use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and marijuana by students of varying sexual orientations. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were employed to analyze differences in substance use and socioeconomic indicators between sexual orientation groups. RESULTS: Of the 37 541 students included in the analysis, significant differences in substance use were observed among bisexual, gay, lesbian, and heterosexual students. Bisexual and gay/lesbian students exhibited higher rates of ever use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and marijuana compared to heterosexual students. In addition, socioeconomic differences, such as lower rates of family vehicle ownership and reduced access to vacations, were noted among bisexual and gay/lesbian students. CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscore significant differences in tobacco and marijuana use by adolescents based on sexual orientation, mirroring differences observed in LGBTQ adults. These results highlight the importance of targeted interventions, educational initiatives, and support systems tailored to the unique needs of LGBTQ youth. Addressing socioeconomic disparities and fostering inclusive environments are crucial steps in promoting the health and well-being of LGBTQ adolescents. Continued research and collaborative efforts are essential in mitigating health disparities and creating equitable environments for all adolescents.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between vaping and subsequent initiation of smoking among Australian adolescents and explore the impact of design and analytical methods in previous studies. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of cross-sectional data from 5114 Australian adolescents aged 14-17 recalling information on smoking and vaping initiation from age 12 to 17. The outcome was smoking initiation, analysed with negative-binomial regression to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for vape status (ever-vaped vs never-vaped) as a time-varying exposure. We also re-analysed using the methods of previous studies not accounting for the time-varying nature of e-cigarette exposure. RESULTS: Participants (n=5114) were retrospectively followed for 20478 person-years. After adjusting for socio-demographic variables and proxy measures of common liabilities for vaping and smoking, the rate of smoking initiation for those who ever-vaped was nearly 5 times that of those who never-vaped (IRR=4.9; 95% confidence interval: [3.9, 6.0], p<0.001), with IRRs considerably higher at younger ages. Not accounting for the time-varying nature of e-cigarette exposure in re-analysis attenuated the estimated IRR by 44%. CONCLUSIONS: Controlled analyses indicate that vaping markedly increases the risk of subsequent smoking initiation among Australian adolescents from age 12 to 17, with those aged 12, 13, and 14 bearing an alarmingly disproportionate burden of the elevated risk. Additionally, the relative risk of future smoking due to vaping may have been underestimated in other studies due to methodological differences. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH: Our findings highlight the need for public health interventions and strict e-cigarette access laws.

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INTRODUCTION: There needs to be more up-to-date evidence on the prevalence of e-cigarette use among Chinese adults. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of e-cigarette use among adults aged 18-44 years in China. METHODS: Cross-sectional design and convenience sampling were used. The data for this study were obtained from an online survey conducted in mainland China from April to May 2023. The target population was adults aged 18-44 years. Descriptive analysis was employed to report the prevalence of e-cigarette use, while adjusted multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the association between e-cigarette use and related factors. RESULTS: A total of 4256 participants were included in this study; 12.9% were current e-cigarette users, 5.9% were frequent users, and 7.0% were occasional users. The descriptive analysis results indicated that males and cigarette users had a higher prevalence of e-cigarette use. Multivariable analysis showed that e-cigarette use was significantly associated with female gender (AOR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.60-0.96), those aged 25-34 years with monthly income 6000-8999 CNY (AOR=2.01; 95% CI: 1.18-3.41), those aged 25-34 years with monthly income ≥9000 CNY (AOR=2.20; 95% CI: 1.26-3.82), college or undergraduate degree (AOR=1.91; 95% CI: 1.22-3.00), urban residence (AOR=1.72; 95% CI: 1.34-2.20), being a current smoker (AOR=3.32; 95% CI: 2.64-4.16), perception of harm (AOR=0.66; 95% CI: 0.60-0.73), and perception of benefit (AOR=2.31; 95% CI: 2.04-2.61). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of current e-cigarette use among adults in China was 12.9% within our sample. In addition to sociodemographic factors, individuals with a higher perception of the harm associated with e-cigarettes were less likely to engage in e-cigarette consumption. Conversely, individuals who perceive the 'benefits' of e-cigarettes more favorably use them. Targeted interventions, such as health education, are recommended to help adults develop a correct understanding of e-cigarettes and lower the prevalence of e-cigarette use.

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BACKGROUND: Perceptions of health harms and addictiveness related to nicotine products, THC e-cigarettes, and e-cigarettes with other ingredients are an important predictor of use. This study examined differences in perceived harm and addiction across such products among adolescents, young adults, and adults. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey (N = 6,131, ages 13-40 years old) in which participants reported perceived harm and addictiveness for 11 products (cigarettes, disposable nicotine e-cigarettes, pod-based nicotine e-cigarettes, other nicotine e-cigarettes, THC e-cigarettes, e-cigarettes with other ingredients, nicotine pouches, nicotine lozenges, nicotine gums, nicotine tablets, nicotine toothpicks). We applied adjusted regression models and conducted pairwise comparisons between age groups (13-17, 18-20, 21-25, and 26-40) and product use status (never, ever, and past-30-day use), adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and financial comfort. RESULTS: Overall, participants in younger age groups perceived products to be more harmful and addictive than those in older age groups, with the exception of e-cigarettes with other ingredients. For all products, participants who never used perceived each product to be more harmful than those who ever used. For all products, participants who used the products in the past 30-days had lower perceived harm and addictiveness compared to never and ever use. Certain sociodemographic groups, such as people who identify as LGBTQ+, Non-Hispanic Black, or Hispanic, had lower perceived harm and addictiveness for most products. DISCUSSION: Efforts should be made to educate all age groups and minoritized groups on harms and addictiveness of all nicotine products, THC e-cigarettes, and e-cigarettes with other ingredients.

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BACKGROUND: While smoking cessation has been linked to substantial weight gain, the potential influence of e-cigarettes on weight changes among individuals who use these devices to quit smoking is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to reanalyze data from the Evaluating the Efficacy of e-Cigarette Use for Smoking Cessation (E3) trial to assess the causal effects of e-cigarette use on change in body weight. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of the E3 trial in which participants were randomized into 3 groups: nicotine e-cigarettes plus counseling, nonnicotine e-cigarettes plus counseling, and counseling alone. With adjustment for baseline variables and the follow-up smoking abstinence status, weight changes were compared between the groups from baseline to 12 weeks' follow-up. Intention-to-treat and as-treated analyses were conducted using doubly robust estimation. Further causal analysis used 2 different propensity scoring methods to estimate causal regression curves for 4 smoking-related continuous variables. We evaluated 5 different subsets of data for each method. Selection bias was addressed, and missing data were imputed by the machine learning method extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). RESULTS: A total of 257 individuals with measured weight at week 12 (mean age: 52, SD 12 y; women: n=122, 47.5%) were included. Across the 3 treatment groups, of the 257 participants, 204 (79.4%) who continued to smoke had, on average, largely unchanged weight at 12 weeks, with comparable mean weight gain ranging from -0.24 kg to 0.33 kg, while 53 (20.6%) smoking-abstinent participants gained weight, with a mean weight gain ranging from 2.05 kg to 2.70 kg. After adjustment, our analyses showed that the 2 e-cigarette arms exhibited a mean gain of 0.56 kg versus the counseling alone arm. The causal regression curves analysis also showed no strong evidence supporting a causal relationship between weight gain and the 3 e-cigarette-related variables. e-Cigarettes have small and variable causal effects on weight gain associated with smoking cessation. CONCLUSIONS: In the E3 trial, e-cigarettes seemed to have minimal effects on mitigating the weight gain observed in individuals who smoke and subsequently quit at 3 months. However, given the modest sample size and the potential underuse of e-cigarettes among those randomized to the e-cigarette treatment arms, these results need to be replicated in large, adequately powered trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02417467; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02417467.

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INTRODUCTION: The use of e-cigarettes is increasing worldwide, especially among young adults. Due to the health risks, this study aimed to assess undergraduate students' e-cigarette use and attitudes toward them, and evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program to develop e-cigarette control leaders at the University in Lampang province, Thailand. METHODS: Participatory action research (PAR) was conducted among 46 undergraduate students. To assess the situations of undergraduate students' e-cigarette use and attitudes toward them, in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 of those students - nine users and nine non-users. The remaining 28 were student leaders who were given questionnaires and took part in focus groups to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention program in developing e-cigarette control leaders. Descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to analyze quantitative data. The qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic analysis of the content. This study took place at the University in Lampang province, Thailand, in 2023. RESULTS: Regarding the use of e-cigarettes on the part of undergraduate students and their attitudes about their use, the majority of users stated that e-cigarettes were accessible, appealing, and more socially acceptable than conventional cigarettes. However, most non-users cited vapor smell and health impacts as their main reason for not using e-cigarettes. The intervention program to develop leaders in e-cigarette control could significantly enhance the leaders' knowledge (p<0.001) and attitude regarding e-cigarettes (p=0.001). After their anti-e-cigarette campaign, the soft skills and managerial abilities of the leaders in e-cigarette control improved, and the knowledge and attitude regarding e-cigarettes of undergraduate students who attended the campaign also increased. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention program to develop leaders in e-cigarette control resulted in positive outcomes. This program could enhance the leaders' knowledge and attitude regarding e-cigarettes. Their soft skills and managerial abilities in e-cigarette control also improved.

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INTRODUCTION: Netflix pledged to avoid depictions of e-cigarette use in scripted series and movies rated TV-14 or below. However, this policy did not extend to young adults, many of whom are below the legal tobacco purchasing age. This study examined the association between recall of Netflix scripted series and movies previously identified to contain e-cigarette imagery and susceptibility to use e-cigarettes among never users. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A non-probability representative sample of young adults (ages 18-24; N = 1500) living in California were recruited to complete an online survey assessing their recall of Netflix scripted series and movies previously identified to contain e-cigarette imagery and e-cigarette-related behaviors. Adjusted and weighted logistic regression analyses were used among participants who had never used e-cigarettes (n = 967). RESULTS: Among participants who had never used e-cigarettes, 68.1% (n = 659/967) recalled viewing at least one Netflix scripted series or movie previously identified to contain e-cigarette imagery, including 66.4% (n = 192/289) of participants under the legal tobacco purchasing age. Participants who recalled viewing at least one Netflix scripted series or movie previously identified to contain e-cigarette imagery, compared with those who did not, had greater odds of reporting susceptibility to use e-cigarettes among never users (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.20-2.25). CONCLUSIONS: Young adults living in California recalled Netflix scripted series or movies previously identified to contain e-cigarette imagery. Such recall was associated with susceptibility to use e-cigarettes among never users. These findings should motivate prevention programmers to design tobacco-related digital media literacy interventions for young adults.

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Background: Ireland's Smoking Ban reduced health inequalities known to be associated with smoking but some groups may not have benefitted. Mental ill-health and smoking are known to be associated with health inequalities. Whether similar patterns exist for e-cigarette use is less clear, as few data exist. Objectives: To examine: (1) self-reported doctor-diagnosed mental ill-health in Irish 20-year-olds; (2) smoking, e-cigarette, and dual use in those with and without mental ill-health; and (3) protective and risk factors for smoking and e-cigarette use in these groups. Methods: We use cross-sectional data from 20 year-olds in Wave 4 of Growing Up in Ireland Child Cohort. They were asked to self-report mental ill-health which had been diagnosed by a clinician, and their smoking and e-cigarette use. All analyses were performed using SPSS v27. Results: 19.4% (n = 1008) of the total sample (n = 4729) reported a mental ill-health diagnosis. Comparing those with and without, those with mental ill-health had significantly higher prevalence of current smoking (47%, n = 419 vs 36%, n = 1361; OR 1.57, CI: 1.36, 1.82), e-cigarette use (17%, n = 152 vs 13%, n = 485; OR 1.40, CI:1.15, 1.70), and dual use (12%, n = 109 vs 9%, n = 328; OR 1.46, CI:1.16, 1.84). Risk factors for smoking and e-cigarette use were, earlier smoking initiation, peers or primary caregivers who smoked, being in paid employment, one-parent family background, and social media use. Being female was protective. Most risk factors were significantly higher in young adults with mental ill-health but, after adjusting for these variables, respondents with mental ill-health still have significantly higher adjusted higher odds of smoking (aOR 1.28, CI:1.05, 1.56). Conclusions: Inequalities in smoking and e-cigarette use in young adults with mental ill-health are evident 20 years after Ireland's National Smoking Ban. Despite extensive Tobacco Control interventions in the past 20 years, there is still need in Ireland for new targeted interventions to reduce health inequalities for left-behind young smokers with mental ill-health.

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OBJECTIVE: Flavors enhance nicotine e-cigarette appeal by altering sensory experience. Females may be more sensitive to tobacco-associated cues and uniquely affected by flavor. The current study is an exploratory analysis to examine differences by sex on reward, appeal, and sensory experience of popular e-cigarette flavors. METHODS: Adults (N = 121) who use cigarettes (≥1 cigarette/day) were enrolled in a laboratory study in which they vaped four e-cigarette flavors (tobacco, cherry, menthol, vanilla; in separate lab sessions) in one of two freebase nicotine concentrations (6 mg/ml,18 mg/ml). Following exposures, participants rated e-cigarette reward using the Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ), flavor and overall e-cigarette appeal using Labeled Hedonic Scales (LHS), and intensity of flavor, irritation, coolness, fruitiness, and sweetness using Generalized Labeled Magnitude Scales (gLMS). Linear mixed models were conducted for outcomes to analyze effects of sex, flavor, and sex x flavor interaction. RESULTS: For DEQ ratings, there was a trend (p = .08) toward a sex x flavor interaction, in which menthol flavor produced more reward than other flavors for females, but not males. For LHS ratings, there was a significant sex x flavor interaction (p = .03) for overall e-cigarette experience with females but not males rating menthol higher than other flavors. All gLMS scales but irritation showed that females generally had greater differences between flavors compared to males (ps ≤ 0.03). CONCLUSION: Menthol in e-cigarettes may play an important role in mediating appeal and/or reward among females. This may be due in part to their ability to better detect sensory effects of e-cigarettes.

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The use of e-cigarette or vape devices is a growing concern on an international scale, given the devices' addictive nature and questions regarding their short- and long-term health impacts. Their use is especially an issue in young people, many of whom have little or no previous nicotine use experience. This study tested an integrated dual process model in 363 young Australian undergraduates where prospectively measured e-cigarette use was predicted by the psychological constructs of the theory of planned behavior, supplemented with risk perception, e-cigarette dependence, habit, and implicit attitude. Intention to use an e-cigarette was predicted by affective attitude, subjective norm, and e-cigarette dependance, but not instrumental attitude, perceived behavioral control, or risk perception. E-cigarette use was predicted by e-cigarette dependance, intention, habit, implicit attitude, and previous nicotine use, although perceived behavioral control did not directly predict behavior nor moderate the intention-behavior relationship. Current findings provide evidence for important psychological predictors of e-cigarette use, signposting potential intervention targets. Specifically, interventions may benefit from using strategies that tap affective or normative beliefs alongside automatic constructs and dependence, while focusing less on beliefs about the health impacts of e-cigarettes or control over using.

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SIGNIFICANCE: Research on the conditions under which electronic cigarette (EC) use produces a net reduction in the population harm attributable to combusted cigarette (CC) use requires the triangulation of information from cohort(s) of smokers, non-smokers, EC users, and dual-users of all varieties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This project utilizes data from the All of Us Research Program to contrast a panel of wellness and disease-risk indicators across a range of self-reported tobacco-use profiles, including smokers, current, and former EC users. This article focuses on the tobacco use history and current tobacco use status among All of Us participants enrolled between May 2017 and February 2023 (Registered Controlled Tier Curated Data Repository [CDR] v7). RESULTS: The present analytic sample included an unweighted total of N = 412 211 individuals with information on ever-use of both CC and EC. Among them, 155 901 individuals have a history of CC use, with 65 206 identified as current smokers. EC usage is reported by 64 002 individuals, with 16 619 being current users. Model predicted analyses identified distinct patterns in CC and EC usage across demographic and socioeconomic variables, with younger ages favoring ECs. DISCUSSION: Age was observed to significantly affect EC usage, and gender differences reveal that males were significantly more likely to use CC and/or EC than females or African Americans of any gender. Higher educational achievement and income were associated with lower use of both CC and EC, while lower levels of mental health were observed to increase the likelihood of using CC and EC products. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest the potential for the All of Us Research Program for investigation of causal factors driving both behavioral use transitions and cessation outcomes.

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AIMS: To summarise systematic reviews on tobacco addiction published by the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group (CTAG) from 2021 to 2023. METHODS: We identified all new and updated Cochrane Reviews published by CTAG between 2021 and 2023. We present key results from these reviews and discuss promising avenues for future research. RESULTS: CTAG published five new reviews and one overview of reviews, and updated eight reviews. Review evidence showed that all main pharmacotherapies (varenicline, cytisine, bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy [NRT], especially when patches are combined with fast acting forms like gum) are effective for smoking cessation, as are nicotine e-cigarettes. Evidence suggested similar magnitude of effects of varenicline, cytisine, and nicotine e-cigarettes; these emerged as the most effective treatments. Evidence also supported behavioural counselling and financial incentives for smoking cessation. Secondary analyses of the Cochrane review of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation showed over half of participants assigned to e-cigarette conditions were still using them at six months or longer, that biomarkers of potential harm significantly reduced in people switching from smoking to vaping or to dual use, and that there was insufficient evidence to draw associations between e-liquid flavours and smoking cessation. Findings on mindfulness-based interventions, interventions delivered by dental and primary care professionals, interventions to prevent weight gain after smoking cessation, and interventions for waterpipe cessation were less certain. Reviews of observational evidence showed that smoking cessation reduced cardiovascular events and mortality in people living with cardiovascular disease, and improved mental health. CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine replacement therapy (especially patches combined with fast acting forms), varenicline, cytisine, bupropion, nicotine e-cigarettes, behavioural counselling, and financial incentives are all effective ways to help people quit smoking. Quitting smoking improves mental health and reduces cardiovascular events and mortality in people living with cardiovascular disease.

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Background: College students who identify as a sexual minority (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, or other sexual orientation) are at higher risk for e-cigarette use than their heterosexual or "straight" peers. However, little is known about factors, such as e-cigarette outcome expectancies, that might influence these differences in prevalence rates. Therefore, the current study examined differences between heterosexual and sexual minority college student e-cigarette users in terms of days of past-month e-cigarette use, e-cigarette dependence, and e-cigarette outcome expectancies. A secondary aim of the study was to examine whether outcome expectancies served as an explanatory mechanism in the association between sexual minority status and e-cigarette use frequency and dependence. Methods: Participants were heterosexual (n = 90; Mage = 19.65, SD = 2.70; 76.7% female; 77.8% White) and sexual minority (n = 44; Mage = 20.02, SD = 2.18; 68.2% female; 90.9% White) college student e-cigarette users who completed self-report measures. Results: Students who identified as a sexual minority reported greater e-cigarette dependence, more frequent past 30-day use, and greater negative consequences and positive reinforcement e-cigarette outcome expectancies. Follow-up mediation analyses indicated a significant indirect effect of sexual minority status on both days of past-month e-cigarette use and e-cigarette dependence through expectancies for negative consequences and positive reinforcement. Conclusions: These findings suggest that positive reinforcement and negative consequences outcome expectancies may be contributing to the disparities in e-cigarette use among college students who identify as a sexual minority and could be useful targets for cessation interventions for this population.

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We estimate the effect of county-level e-cigarette indoor vaping restrictions (IVRs) on infant mortality using United States birth certificates from 2010 to 2015. We estimate difference-in-differences models and find that e-cigarette indoor vaping restrictions increased infant mortality by 0.39 infants per 1,000 live births (12.9%). These effects were disproportionately higher for infants born to younger mothers and in locations with higher baseline levels of prenatal smoking. Infant mortality increased by 34.1% between 100 days to 1 year after IVRs. Infant mortality due to infections and neoplasms were particularly elevated.

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Many people still struggle with quitting smoking despite available treatment options, making it one of the most significant public health challenges that our society faces. The use of electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) has become increasingly popular among people who are seeking to quit smoking. The objective of this review paper is to present a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms, several types, and impact of E-cigarettes, along with supporting evidence indicating their efficacy in aiding smokers to quit tobacco usage. Additionally, the review discusses recent developments in the treatment of smoking cessation, which include conventional smoking cessation methods. Also, the review discusses the challenges, potential risks, ethical considerations, and controversies surrounding the use of E-cigarettes. The present review presents a comprehensive examination of the existing methods and approaches employed in smoking cessation, including the emerging utilization of E-cigarettes as an effective option in smoking cessation. It explores their efficacy as a valuable instrument in promoting smoking cessation.

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BACKGROUND: Compared with conventional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes are less harmful in some studies. However, recent research may indicate the opposite. This study aimed to determine whether e-cigarette use is related to myocardial health in adults in the U.S. METHODS: This study used data from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a cross-sectional survey of adult US residents aged 18 years or older. We examined whether e-cigarette use was related to myocardial infarction byapplying a logistic regression model to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: The final analytical sample included 198,530 adults in the U.S. Logistic regression indicated that U.S. adults who reported being former and some days of e-cigarette use had 23% and 52% greater odds of ever having an MI, respectively, than did those who reported never using e-cigarettes (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.08-1.40, p = 0.001; OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.10-2.09, p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that former and someday users of e-cigarettes probably have increased odds of myocardial infarction in adults in the U.S. Further research is needed, including long-term follow-up studies on e-cigarettes, since it is still unknown whether they should be discouraged.

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