RESUMEN

Currently, culturing Caco-2 cells in a Gut-on-a-chip (GOC) is well-accepted for developing intestinal disease models and drug screening. However, Caco-2 cells were found to overexpress surface proteins (e.g., P-gp) compared with the normal intestinal epithelial cells in vivo. To critically evaluate the challenge and suitability of Caco-2 cells, a GOC integrated with a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) biosensor was developed. This three-electrode system electrochemical sensor detects CEA by antigen-antibody specific binding, and it exhibits high selectivity, excellent stability, and good reproducibility. Under dynamic culturing in the GOC, Caco-2 cells exhibited an intestinal villus-like structure and maintained tissue barrier integrity. Meanwhile, CEA was discovered to be secreted from 0 to 0.22 ng/mL during the 10-day culturing of Caco-2 cells. Especially, CEA secretion increased significantly with the differentiation of Caco-2 cells after 6 days of culturing. The sustained high-level CEA secretion may induce cells to avoid apoptotic stimuli, which faithfully reflects the efficacy of a new drug and the mechanism of intestinal disease. Different kinds of cell types (e.g., intestinal primary cells, stem cell-induced differentiation) in the GOC should be attempted for drug screening in the future.

RESUMEN

Pressure ulcers present a significant human and economic challenge, lacking a reliable method for early detection. To address this, we developed a system capable of early detection by using cooling stimulation and dynamic data acquisition techniques to monitor blood perfusion and skin temperature. The system consists of laser speckle perfusion imaging and thermal imaging. And we performed simulations to demonstrate that the system is capable of detect tissue damage across multiple layers, from superficial to deep. Testing on a rabbit ear model demonstrated that this approach, which combines dynamic perfusion and temperature parameters, effectively distinguishes early pressure ulcer areas from normal skin with a significant p value of 0.0015. This distinction was more precise compared to methods relying solely on static parameters or one parameter. Our study thereby offers a promising advancement in the proactive management and prevention of pressure ulcers.

RESUMEN

Wild desert grasslands are characterized by diverse habitats, uneven plant distribution, similarities among plant class, and the presence of plant shadows. However, the existing models for detecting plant species in desert grasslands exhibit low precision, require a large number of parameters, and incur high computational cost, rendering them unsuitable for deployment in plant recognition scenarios within these environments. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a lightweight and fast plant species detection system, termed YOLOv8s-KDT, tailored for complex desert grassland environments. Firstly, the model introduces a dynamic convolutional KernelWarehouse method to reduce the dimensionality of convolutional kernels and increase their number, thus achieving a better balance between parameter efficiency and representation ability. Secondly, the model incorporates triplet attention into its feature extraction network, effectively capturing the relationship between channel and spatial position and enhancing the model's feature extraction capabilities. Finally, the introduction of a dynamic detection head tackles the issue related to target detection head and attention non-uniformity, thus improving the representation of the target detection head while reducing computational cost. The experimental results demonstrate that the upgraded YOLOv8s-KDT model can rapidly and effectively identify desert grassland plants. Compared to the original model, FLOPs decreased by 50.8%, accuracy improved by 4.5%, and mAP increased by 5.6%. Currently, the YOLOv8s-KDT model is deployed in the mobile plant identification APP of Ningxia desert grassland and the fixed-point ecological information observation platform. It facilitates the investigation of desert grassland vegetation distribution across the entire Ningxia region as well as long-term observation and tracking of plant ecological information in specific areas, such as Dashuikeng, Huangji Field, and Hongsibu in Ningxia.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Apples are usually bagged during the growing process, which can effectively improve the quality. Establishing an in situ nondestructive testing model for in-tree apples is very important for fruit companies in selecting raw apple materials for valuation. Low-maturity apples and high-maturity apples were acquired separately by a handheld tester for the internal quality assessment of apples developed by our group, and the effects of the two maturity levels on the soluble solids content (SSC) detection of apples were compared. Four feature selection algorithms, like ant colony optimization (ACO), were used to reduce the spectral complexity and improve the apple SSC detection accuracy. The comparison showed that the diffuse reflectance spectra of high-maturity apples better reflected the internal SSC information of the apples. The diffuse reflectance spectra of the high-maturity apples combined with the ACO algorithm achieved the best results for SSC prediction, with a prediction correlation coefficient (Rp) of 0.88, a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.5678 °Brix, and a residual prediction deviation (RPD) value of 2.466. Additionally, the fruit maturity was predicted using PLS-LDA based on color data, achieveing accuracies of 99.03% and 99.35% for low- and high-maturity fruits, respectively. These results suggest that in-tree apple in situ detection has great potential to enable improved robustness and accuracy in modeling apple quality.

RESUMEN

Incipient degradation dynamic detection is crucial for preventing serious accidents in the context of rolling bearing online automatic condition monitoring and preventive maintenance. This article presents a novel framework, cyclostationarity-sensitive spectrum fuzzy entropy-assisted Bayesian online anomaly inference (CSFE-BOAI), to address this challenge. A new health index, CSFE, is first defined by performing the fuzzy entropy measure on the extracted cyclostationarity-sensitive spectra to promote incipient-degradation sensitivity and robustness to interferences. Next, the BOAI procedure for detecting anomalies in continuously arriving CSFEs is derived using the robust generalized T-distribution as the underlying predictive distribution. Eventually, the CSFE-BOAI framework is constructed for bearing incipient degradation dynamic detection, which possesses double confirmation of valid anomalies through the Pauta criterion and cyclostationarity-sensitive spectrum. Experimental verifications are performed on two typical bearing degradation data and one healthy-to-incipient defect data. Results show that CSFE-BOAI enables effective and timely incipient degradation alarm and identification of rolling bearings. The comparisons with the eight advanced health indexes and four anomaly detection approaches demonstrate that CSFE-BOAI has the lowest false and missed alarms and therefore has good deployment potential for practical applications.

RESUMEN

The prevalence of breast cancer as a major global cancer has underscored the importance of postoperative recovery for breast cancer patients. Among the issues, postoperative patients are prone to spinal deformities, including scoliosis, which has drawn significant attention from healthcare professionals. The primary aim of this study is to design a postoperative recovery platform for breast cancer patients that can effectively detect posture changes, provide feedback and support to medical staff, assist doctors in formulating recovery plans, and prevent spinal deformities. The feasibility of the recovery platform is also validated through experiments. The development and validation of the experimental recovery platform. The recovery platform includes instrument design, patient data collection, model training and fine-tuning, and postoperative body posture evaluation by comparing preoperative and postoperative conditions. The evaluation results are provided to doctors to facilitate the formulation of personalized postoperative recovery plans. This paper comprehensively designs and implements the recovery platform and verifies its feasibility through simulation experiments. Statistical methods were employed for the validation of the rehabilitation platform in simulated experiments, with a significance level of p < 0.05. In comparison to static assessments like CT scans, this paper introduces a dynamic detection method that provides a more insightful analysis of body posture. The experiments also demonstrate the preventive capability of this method against post-operative spinal deformities, ultimately enhancing patients' self-image, restoring their confidence, and enabling them to lead more fulfilling lives.

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Detecting tumor progression of glioma continues to pose a formidable challenge. The role of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in gliomas has been demonstrated to facilitate tumor progression. Glioma-circulating biomarkers have not yet been used in clinical practice. This study seeks to evaluate the feasibility of glioma detection through the utilization of a serum FAP marker. METHODS: We adopted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique to quantify the relative FAP level of serum autoantibodies in a cohort of 87 gliomas. The correlation between preoperative serum autoantibody relative FAP levels and postoperative pathology, including molecular pathology was investigated. A series of FAP tests were conducted on 33 cases of malignant gliomas in order to ascertain their efficacy in monitoring the progression of the disease in relation to imaging observations. To validate the presence of FAP expression in tumors, immunohistochemistry was conducted on four gliomas employing a FAP-specific antibody. Additionally, the investigation encompassed the correlation between postoperative tumor burden, as assessed through volumetric analysis, and the relative FAP level of serum autoantibodies. RESULTS: A considerable proportion of gliomas exhibited a significantly increased level of serum autoantibody relative FAP level. This elevation was closely associated with both histopathology and molecular pathology, and demonstrated longitudinal fluctuations and variations corresponding to the progression of the disease The correlation between the rise in serum autoantibody relative FAP level and tumor progression and/or exacerbation of symptoms was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of serum autoantibody relative FAP level can be used to detect the disease as a valuable biomarker. The combined utilization of its detection alongside MR imaging has the potential to facilitate a more accurate and prompt diagnosis.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Phase interrogation surface plasmon resonance (P-SPR) biosensors have the highest sensitivity among different types of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors. However, P-SPR sensors have small dynamic detection range and complex device configuration. To solve these two problems, we designed a multi-channel P-SPR imaging (mcP-SPRi) sensing platform based on a common-path ellipsometry scheme. A wavelength sequential selection (WSS) technique for P-SPRi sensing is developed to select the optimal sensing wavelengths according to different refractive indexes (RIs) of the samples, so the inconsistency of SPR signal response for different biomolecule types caused by the small dynamic detection range is eliminated. And a dynamic detection range of 3.7×10-3 RIU is achieved, which is the largest among the current mcP-SPRi biosensors. Remarkably, the individual SPR phase image acquisition time has been greatly reduced to 1s by using WSS method instead of whole spectrum scanning, which enables the high-throughput mcP-SPRi sensing.

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate whether the addition of pemetrexed is effective in improving progression-free survival (PFS) in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated patients with or without concomitant alterations. Materials and Methods: This multicenter clinical trial was conducted in China from June 15, 2018, to May 31, 2019. A total of 92 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring EGFR-sensitive mutations were included and divided into concomitant and non-concomitant groups. Patients in each group were randomly treated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy or EGFR-TKI combined with pemetrexed in a ratio of 1:1. PFS was recorded as the primary endpoint. RESULTS: The overall median PFS of this cohort was 10.1 months. There were no significant differences in PFS between patients with and without concomitant and between patients received TKI monotherapy and TKI combined with pemetrexed (p=0.210 and p=0.085, respectively). Stratification analysis indicated that patients received TKI monotherapy had a significantly longer PFS in non-concomitant group than that in concomitant group (p=0.002). In concomitant group, patients received TKI combined with pemetrexed had a significantly longer PFS than patients received TKI monotherapy (p=0.013). Molecular dynamic analysis showed rapidly emerging EGFR T790M in patients received TKI monotherapy. EGFR mutation abundance decreased in patients received TKI combined chemotherapy, which supports better efficacy for a TKI combined chemotherapy as compared to TKI monotherapy. A good correlation between therapeutic efficacy and a change in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) status was found in 66% of patients, supporting the guiding role of ctDNA minimal residual disease (MRD) in NSCLC treatment. CONCLUSION: EGFR-TKI monotherapy is applicable to EGFR-sensitive patients without concomitant alterations, while a TKI combined chemotherapy is applicable to EGFR-sensitive patients with concomitant alterations. CtDNA MRD may be a potential biomarker for predicting therapeutic efficacy.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Objective:To develop an improved wireless intelligent capsule cystoscope (WCE)for dynamic detection of bladder mucosa in a pig model.Methods:The WCE was introduced into a healthy experimental pig that under general anesthesia via urethra by applying an improved device. Multi-angle images of the bladder mucosa were then obtained by controlling the position of capsule cystoscope with an external magnetic field system. The shutter speed of the WCE was 2.5 fps and was automatically converted to 1.5 fps 30 minutes after initiation. The Vue software was utilized to download the shoot pictures which were former received by a computer via wireless transmission. The pig was roused and sent to the pigpen, without limitations in moving. The improved WCE was connected with a 2 cm thread. 12 hours later, the dilated sheath was inserted again, and the capsule was removed by a foreign body forceps under observation of a ureteroscopy.Results:The WCE was successfully placed and removed from the pig's bladder with the application of the improved devices. Over 20 thousand images that with 60K pixels of bladder mucosa were captured by the WCE at various angles within 12 hours, which revealed the process of urine filling and excreting in a time-dependent way. No notable adverse effects (bleeding, urinary tract injury, etc) were noted during the process of cystoscope placement, image acquisition, transmission, and removal.Conclusion:This study developed a novel WCE that could dynamically, intelligently and accurately monitor all aspects of the pig bladder mucosa, and has preferable application prospect.

RESUMEN

As an emerging diabetes diagnostic indicator and a dynamic change index, HbA1c can not only reflect the average blood glucose level over a period of time but can also well predict the incidence of related microvascular complications. It is important to develop a detection method that can dynamically characterize HbA1c. Silicon nanowire (SiNW) devices were mass-produced using top-down sputtering technology, and a microdialyzer was installed in a SiNW field effect tube biosensor detection system. Finally, the detection system was used to detect HbA1c levels quantitatively and dynamically in experimental rabbits. Various measurements showed that mass-produced SiNW devices have ideal dimensions, stable structures, and good performance. A series of microscopy results showed that the SiNW surface can be functionalized for intermolecular interactions. The addition of a dialysis device can effectively overcome Debye shielding, making the blood test similar to the pure standard test. Finally, the dynamic detection of HbA1c within 40 h was realized. SiNW biosensors are capable of the dynamic detection of biomolecules, and dynamic observation of the interaction between blood glucose and HbA1c provides new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with diabetes. Therefore, the SiNW biosensor can reflect the dynamic changes in HbA1c in a shorter time, which has a certain potential value in the clinical treatment of diabetes.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Wheat, one of the most important food crops in the world, is usually harvested mechanically by combine harvesters. The impurity rate is one of the most important indicators of the quality of wheat obtained by mechanized harvesting. To realize the online detection of the impurity rate in the mechanized harvesting process of wheat, a vision system based on the DeepLabV3+ model of deep learning for identifying and segmenting wheat grains and impurities was designed in this study. The DeepLabV3+ model construction considered the four backbones of MobileNetV2, Xception-65, ResNet-50, and ResNet-101 for training. The optimal DeepLabV3+ model was determined through the accuracy rate, comprehensive evaluation index, and average intersection ratio. On this basis, an online detection method of measuring the wheat impurity rate in mechanized harvesting based on image information was constructed. The model realized the online detection of the wheat impurity rate. The test results showed that ResNet-50 had the best recognition and segmentation performance; the accuracy rate of grain identification was 86.86%; the comprehensive evaluation index was 83.63%; the intersection ratio was 0.7186; the accuracy rate of impurity identification was 89.91%; the comprehensive evaluation index was 87.18%; the intersection ratio was 0.7717; and the average intersection ratio was 0.7457. In terms of speed, ResNet-50 had a fast segmentation speed of 256 ms per image. Therefore, in this study, ResNet-50 was selected as the backbone network for DeepLabV3+ to carry out the identification and segmentation of mechanically harvested wheat grains and impurity components. Based on the manual inspection results, the maximum absolute error of the device impurity rate detection in the bench test was 0.2%, and the largest relative error was 17.34%; the maximum absolute error of the device impurity rate detection in the field test was 0.06%; and the largest relative error was 13.78%. This study provides a real-time method for impurity rate measurement in wheat mechanized harvesting.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The quantitative determination of trace free testosterone (FT) is of great significance for the diagnosis of androgen-related endocrine diseases. Herein, a fascinating detection protocol was developed for highly sensitive FT analysis through a competitive immunoassay mechanism, which was composed of magnetic nanobeads (MNBs) and gap-enhanced surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotags. With the MNBs as detection carriers, trace FT could be enriched by simple magnetic separation. The SERS nanotag constructed with silver-gold core-shell nanoparticle was acted as quantitative label, and Raman indicators were located at the interface between silver core and gold shell. It is demonstrated that the as-proposed protocol achieves high detection sensitivity for FT of 12.11 fg mL-1, and wider linear dynamic detection range (LDR) in the concentration of 100 fg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 with R2 value of 0.979, which is due to the enhanced Raman signal of the gap-enhanced SERS nanotag and the high surface-to-volume ratio of the MNB, respectively. Taking advantages of such sensitivity and accuracy approach, the as-developed powerful strategy presents potential applications for rapid disease diagnosis through analyzing trace levels of FT, and can also provide guidance for the exploitation of analysis project of other analytes.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Septic shock is a great threat to human life. Our aim is to explore the immune status and dynamic changes of circulating cytotoxic cells in septic shock patients. METHODS: Forty-eight septic shock patients (9 non-survivors and 39 survivors) and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were enroled in our study. The function of cytotoxic cells was dynamically monitored by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The number of circulating CD8+ T and NK cells decreased significantly in septic shock patients, while the number of CD8+ T cells rose in survivors 5 days after admission. The frequency of HLA-DR+CD8+ T/ NK cells increased in both groups after admission but decreased in non-survivors on day 3. Moreover, the frequency of GrA+/GrB+/perforin+NK and GrB+CD8+ T cells decreased to varying degrees in both groups, and the frequency of GrB+/perforin+CD8+ T cells on the second day of non-survivors was significantly lower than that of survival patients. Besides, the frequency of CXCR3+CD8+ T/ NK cells was decreased in both groups and remained low in non-survivors, but remarkably increased in survivors after day 3. And the concentrations of cytokines IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ were significantly increased in septic shock patients. CONCLUSIONS: Circulating CD8+ T and NK cells reduced but activation function was compensatory enhanced in septic shock patients. The frequency of GrB+/PFP+CD8+ T and CXCR3+CD8+ T/NK cells may predict the progression of septic shock patients 2-3 days after admission.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Development of a very sensitive biosensor is accompanied with an inevitable shrinkage in the linear detection range. Here, we developed an electrochemical biosensor with a novel methodology to detect microRNA-21 (miR21) at an ultralow level and broad linear detection range. A three-way junction RNA structure was designed harboring (i) a methylene blue (MB)-modified hairpin structure at its one leg to function as the sensing moiety and (ii) the other two legs to be further hybridized with barcode gold nanoparticles (MB/barG) as the signal amplifiers. Addition of target miR21 resulted in opening the hairpin moiety and subsequent hybridization with DNA-modified gold nanoflower/platinum electrode (GNF@Pt) to form the MB-3 sensor. Inspired by the relay-race run, to extend the dynamic detection range and increase the sensitivity of the biosensor, MB/barG was added to form the second detection modality (MBG-3). The combined sensor required very low sample volume (4 µL) and could identify 135 aM or 324 molecules of miR21 with the ability to operate within a wide linear range from 1 µM down to 500 aM. The fabricated GNF@Pt showed a remarkable conductivity compared with the gold nanoparticle-modified electrode. Addition of MB/barG boosted the electrochemical signal of the MB by almost 230 times. Moreover, a new protocol was introduced by the authors to increase the efficiency of microRNA extraction from the total serum. Possessing a sound selectivity and specificity towards single base-pair mutations, the developed biosensor could profile cancer development stages of two patient serums.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Automobile proving ground is important for the research of vehicles which are used for vehicle dynamics, durability testing, braking testing, etc. However, the road in automobile proving grounds will inevitably be damaged with the extension of the service life. In most previous research, equipment similar to a laser profilometer was used to detect the quality of the road, the principle of which is to reflect the quality of the road by measuring the roughness of the pavement. This method ignores the elastic deformation of the road itself when the vehicle is traveling and it is difficult to compensate for the error. Therefore, this paper presents a new method based on a force sensor to reduce the impact of elastic deformation, such as tire deformation, pavement deformation, and wheel rim deformation. In this study, force sensors mounted on the wheels collect the three-dimensional dynamic force of the wheel. The presented method has been tested with two sets of cobblestone road loads, and the result shows that the load intensities imposed by the test vehicle on the target road are 88.3%, 91.0%, and 92.05% of the intensity of the load imposed by the test vehicle on a standard road in three respective dimensions. It is clear that the proposed method has strong potential effectiveness to be applied for wear detection and analysis of a special road.

RESUMEN

Dynamic detection of transient redox changes in living cells and animals has broad implications for human health and disease diagnosis, because intracellular redox homeostasis regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays important role in cell functions, normal physiological functions and some serious human diseases (e.g., cancer, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, etc.) usually have close relationship with the intracellular redox status. Small-molecule ROS-responsive fluorescent probes can act as powerful tools for dynamic detection of ROS and redox changes in living cells and animals through fluorescence imaging techniques; and great advances have been achieved recently in the design and synthesis of small-molecule ROS-responsive fluorescent probes. This article highlights up-to-date achievements in designing and using the reaction-based small-molecule fluorescent probes (with high sensitivity and selectivity to ROS and redox cycles) in the dynamic detection of ROS and transient redox changes in living cells and animals through fluorescence imaging.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

People wearing positive pressure biological protective suits might face some potential safety risks when work -ing in a high-risk biological contamination environment .These risks could be effectively prevented by simulation experi-ments.This paper elaborates on the progress in risk studys on positive pressure biological protective suits in terms of dynam -ic detection methods and risk assessment , and points out the problems to be solved and the direction of future development .

RESUMEN

The cortical dynamics of somatosensory processing can be investigated using vibrotactile psychophysics. It has been suggested that different vibrotactile paradigms target different cortical mechanisms, and a number of recent studies have established links between somatosensory cortical function and measurable aspects of behavior. The relationship between cortical mechanisms and sensory function is particularly relevant with respect to developmental disorders in which altered inhibitory processing has been postulated, such as in ASD and ADHD. In this study, a vibrotactile battery consisting of nine tasks (incorporating reaction time, detection threshold, and amplitude- and frequency discrimination) was applied to a cohort of healthy adults and a cohort of typically developing children to assess the feasibility of such a vibrotactile battery in both cohorts, and the performance between children and adults was compared. These results showed that children and adults were both able to perform these tasks with a similar performance, although the children were slightly less sensitive in frequency discrimination. Performance within different task-groups clustered together in adults, providing further evidence that these tasks tap into different cortical mechanisms, which is also discussed. This clustering was not observed in children, which may be potentially indicative of development and a greater variability. In conclusion, in this study, we showed that both children and adults were able to perform an extensive vibrotactile battery, and we showed the feasibility of applying this battery to other (e.g., neurodevelopmental) cohorts to probe different cortical mechanisms.

Asunto(s)