RESUMEN

The analysis of the phenolic profile in the walnut pellicle (WP) and its exploitability can help to promote the valorization of the industrial waste from walnut production. Three forms of 33 monomeric phenols in WPs were quantified based on our previously established LC-MS/MS method. The levels of protocatechuic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in the WPs were the highest, exceeding 400 µg/g. Antioxidant tests revealed that all three phenolic forms of WPs were effective antioxidants (IC50: 2.12-35.05 µg/mL). The findings also revealed that drying temperature had a substantial type-dependent effect on phenolics and their antioxidant ability in WPs. KEGG enrichment analysis found that drying method has the greatest impact on WPs phenols in six metabolic pathways. Besides, 11 active substances in WPs were identified by a compound-targeted activity screening approach, indicating that WPs could be used as a natural antioxidant source in the development of medical and nutraceutical products.

RESUMEN

The present study explored the drying effect of new spiral vibration drying technology on Chinese medicinal pills with Liuwei Dihuang Pills, Zhuanggu Guanjie Pills, and Muxiang Shunqi Pills as model drugs. With the drying uniformity, drying time, energy consumption, pill split, dissolution time, and change of index components as evaluation indicators, the drying effect of spiral vibration drying technology on model drugs was evaluated and compared with traditional drying methods, such as hot air drying and vacuum drying in the oven. The dynamic changes of moisture in Liuwei Dihuang Pills with different drying time were investigated. Compared with the traditional drying methods in the oven(hot air drying and vacuum drying) at 80 ℃, the spiral vibration drying only took 80 min, shortened by 80%, with 10%-13% energy consumed. The results showed that the moisture of Liuwei Dihuang Pills was negatively related to the drying time. By virtue of multi-layer countercurrent drying and super resonant fluidization techniques, the new spiral vibration drying technology can significantly improve the drying quality of Chinese medicinal pills, improve the drying efficiency, and enhance the manufacturing capacity of Chinese medicinal pills. This study is expected to provide references for the innovation and development of new drying technology of Chinese medicinal pills.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The present study explored the drying effect of new spiral vibration drying technology on Chinese medicinal pills with Liuwei Dihuang Pills, Zhuanggu Guanjie Pills, and Muxiang Shunqi Pills as model drugs. With the drying uniformity, drying time, energy consumption, pill split, dissolution time, and change of index components as evaluation indicators, the drying effect of spiral vibration drying technology on model drugs was evaluated and compared with traditional drying methods, such as hot air drying and vacuum drying in the oven. The dynamic changes of moisture in Liuwei Dihuang Pills with different drying time were investigated. Compared with the traditional drying methods in the oven(hot air drying and vacuum drying) at 80 ℃, the spiral vibration drying only took 80 min, shortened by 80%, with 10%-13% energy consumed. The results showed that the moisture of Liuwei Dihuang Pills was negatively related to the drying time. By virtue of multi-layer countercurrent drying and super resonant fluidization techniques, the new spiral vibration drying technology can significantly improve the drying quality of Chinese medicinal pills, improve the drying efficiency, and enhance the manufacturing capacity of Chinese medicinal pills. This study is expected to provide references for the innovation and development of new drying technology of Chinese medicinal pills.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Microwave drying is attracting increasing attention due to its energy efficiency. A self-developed pilot-scale microwave dryer was used in this study to dry two different common types of sewage sludge, namely mechanically dewatered sewage sludge and composting dewatered sewage sludge, by using two heating modes: constant temperature and constant power modes. The microwave drying behavior, specific energy consumption, average drying rate, energy efficiency, and drying effect were explored considering the influences of microwave output power, initial mass, and heating mode. Results showed that the output power had the largest influence on specific energy consumption, energy efficiency, and drying efficiency, followed by the constant temperature and initial mass. The specific energy consumption of mechanically dewatered sewage sludge decreased by roughly 14%. By contrast, the average drying rate increased by approximately 6%, and the energy efficiency increased by approximately 20% for each 1 kW increase in output power. Meanwhile, composting dewatered sewage sludge displayed drying effects at an output power of 3 kW, and the temperature exceeded 80 °C. The comparison of the two modes suggested that the constant temperature mode was better than the constant power mode considering product quality and operational safety. Compared with six thin-layer drying mathematical models, the Midilli-Kucuk model could provide a good fit for the constant temperature mode. The proposed microwave drying process exhibited effective performance in drying rate. This process also demonstrated considerable application potential for sewage sludge drying.

RESUMEN

Recyclable aggregates of mesoporous titania with different anatase-rutile ratios have been prepared by thermal treatments of either amorphous or peptized precursors. These last two have been obtained by hydrolysis of either Ti(OC2H5)4 or of Ti(OC2H5)4 in mixture with 5 mol % Zr(OC3H7)4 at room temperature in the presence of NH4OH as a catalyzing agent. The anatase-rutile ratio, the recyclable aggregates of the nano-sized particles, the mesoporosity, the surface area and the crystallinity of the resulting crystallized products of titania can be controlled by the synthesis parameters including: concentration of ammonia catalyst, stirring time and concentration of the peptizing HNO3, drying method of peptized precursors, calcination temperature, and finally the ramp rate up to the titania crystallization temperature. A broad range of synthesis parameters control the crystal sizes of titania particles produced. This allows catalyst preparation with very different crystal size, surface area, anatase to rutile crystal ratio and various mesoporous structures. Drying by lyophilization of precursors reduce the aggregation of the primary particles giving micro-/macroporous structures.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Normothermic ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) using positive pressure ventilation (PPV) and both acellular and red blood cell (RBC)-based perfusate solutions have increased the rate of donor organ utilization. We sought to determine whether a negative pressure ventilation (NPV) strategy would improve donor lung assessment during EVLP. METHODS: Thirty-two pig lungs were perfused ex vivo for 12 hours in a normothermic state, and were allocated equally to 4 groups according to the mode of ventilation (positive pressure ventilation [PPV] vs NPV) and perfusate composition (acellular vs RBC). The impact of ventilation strategy on the preservation of 6 unutilized human donor lungs was also evaluated. Physiologic parameters, cytokine profiles, lung injury, bullae and edema formation were compared between treatment groups. RESULTS: Perfused lungs demonstrated acceptable oxygenation (partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio >350 mm Hg) and physiologic parameters. However, there was less generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8) in human and pig lungs perfused, irrespective of perfusate solution used, when comparing NPV with PPV (p < 0.05), and a reduction in bullae formation with an NPV modality (p = 0.02). Pig lungs developed less edema with NPV (p < 0.01), and EVLP using an acellular perfusate solution had greater edema formation, irrespective of ventilation strategy (p = 0.01). Interestingly, human lungs perfused with NPV developed negative edema, or "drying" (p < 0.01), and lower composite acute lung injury (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of an NPV strategy during extended EVLP is associated with significantly less inflammation, and lung injury, irrespective of perfusate solution composition.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Objective: To explore the drying effect of pressure steam sterilization under different packing planes of non-woven fabrics so as to avoid the phenomenon of wet packages. Methods: 600 apparatus packages that packed by using non-woven fabrics were divided into A group(the packaging plane of apparatus bag used convex shape, that the center was higher and the periphery was lower), B group(The packaging plane of apparatus bag used horizontal shape) and C group (The packaging plane of apparatus bag used concave shape, that the center was lower and the periphery was higher)as random number table. All of the three groups adopted same package (the inner package was cotton and the outside package used non-woven fabrics of double-deck). Through pressure steam of impulse vacuum to achieve sterilization, and then the wet package rates of three groups were compared. Results: The wet package rates of the three groups were 1%, 8.5% and 37.5%, respectively, and the differences of wet package rates among the three groups were statistically significant (x2=10.135, P<0.05). Conclusion: The wet package rate of A group was lower than that of B group and C group, respectively. Therefore, this method of A group can ensure drying effect and guarantee the safety of clinical use.

RESUMEN

As cities are becoming increasingly aware of problems related to conventional mobile collection systems, automated pipeline-based vacuum collection (AVAC) systems have been introduced in some densely populated urban areas. The reasons are that in addition to cost savings, AVAC systems can be efficient, hygienic, and environmentally friendly. Despite difficulties in making direct comparisons of municipal waste between a conventional mobile collection system and an AVAC system, it is meaningful to measure the quantities in each of these collection methods either in total or on a per capita generation of waste (PCGW, g/(day*capita)) basis. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the difference in per capita generation of household waste according to the different waste collection methods in Korea. Observations on household waste show that there were considerable differences according to waste collection methods. The value of per capita generation of food waste (PCGF) indicates that a person in a city using AVAC produces 60 % of PCGF (109.58 g/(day*capita)), on average, compared with that of a truck system (173.10 g/(day*capita)) as well as 23 %p less moisture component than that with trucks. The value of per capita generation of general waste (PCGG) in a city with an AVAC system showed 147.73 g/(day*capita), which is 20 % less than that with trucks delivered (185 g/(day*capita)). However, general waste sampled from AVAC showed a 35 %p increased moisture content versus truck delivery.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Some pharmaceutical industries of phytomedicines are using conservation procedures (drying, autoclaving), in an attempt to avoid medicinal plants degradation, and of their fluid-extracts. Or, by adopting techniques adequate to foods, which not always are appropriate. On this sense, there is less research with Brazilian plants, causing some difficulties for their use as raw material by the domestic industry. Thus, the effects of drying at various temperatures or irradiation with microwaves, as well as autoclaving or lyophilization of the fluid-extract of samples collected in natura of Echinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth) Micheli, Alismataceae, on the pharmacochemical composition were analyzed. At the research for chemical groups, the preponderating presence of flavones and coumarin derivatives was observed. The chromatographic profiles of the flavonic extracts were analyzed by TLC and HPLC and the levels of total flavonoids were determined. According to the results obtained, qualitative and quantitative changes were caused by the various processes employed.