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This research studies the prevalence of digital violence exercised through new information and communication technology (ICT) among university couples. A comparative study was carried out in England, United Kingdom, and in Spain with 831 participants. A quantitative methodology was applied with different sampling: in the United Kingdom, 303 (MAge = 22.79; SD; 47.32; 58.7% male) and in Spain, 528 (MAge = 24.29; SD = 21.41; 69.5% female). An ad hoc questionnaire was used, created for the detection, measurement and analysis of digital violence within affective-sexual relationships. The results reveal proportions of 51.04% and 49.82% in the perception of digital violence through electronic devices in dating relationships among young people; 15.84% and 11.05% in the prevalence of digital violence in young couples' relationships; 9.36% and 6.17% in the prevalence of traditional violence; and 35.78% and 22.43% in the tolerance of digital violence among students, for the English and Spanish samples, respectively. The results also show a slightly lower prevalence of digital violence in the Spanish sample with respect to the English sample, where females scored slightly higher in the perpetration of digital violence. There is a need to develop awareness, training and prevention programs against digital violence in the university context.

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Background: Governmental and non-governmental organizations across medical, legal, and psychosocial sectors providing care to survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) and their families rapidly digitalized services during the COVID-19 pandemic. GBV prevention/response services working with women and children who are forcibly displaced and/or living in low-and-middle income countries (LMIC) were no exception to the rapid digitalization trend. Literature is lacking a critical synthesis of best practices and lessons learned since digitalization replaced major operations involved in GBV prevention/response.Objective: This research qualitatively investigated how GBV service providers, located in a range of socio-political settings, navigated the process of digitalizing GBV prevention/response during the COVID-19 crisis.Method: Semi-structured key informant interviews (KII) with GBV service providers in varied sectors were implemented virtually (2020-2021) in Brazil, Guatemala, Iraq, and Italy (regarding forcibly displaced women/girls for the latter). Participants were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. Interview guides covered a range of topics: perceived changes in violence and service provision, experiences with virtual services, system coordination, and challenges. The KIIs were conducted in Portuguese, Spanish, Arabic, and Italian. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. The research team conducted thematic analysis within and between countries using a structured codebook of data driven and theory driven codes.Results: Major themes concerned the: (1) spectrum of services that were digitalized during the COVID-19 crisis; (2) gender digital divide as a barrier to equitable, safe, and effective service digitalization; (3) digital violence as an unintended consequence of increased digitalization across social/public services.Conclusion: Digitalization is a balancing act with respect to (1) the variety of remotely-delivered services that are possible and (2) the access/safety considerations related to the gender digital divide and digital violence.

Digitalization occurs when products and services are converted to digital forms; violence prevention/response services working with women and children who are forcibly displaced and/or living in low-and-middle income countries were no exception to the rapid trend of digitalization during the COVID-19 crisis.Using key informant interviews with service providers working in violence prevention and response sectors in Brazil, Guatemala, Iraq, and in Italy regarding forcibly displaced women/girls, we investigated the rapid digitalization of gender-based violence prevention/response during the COVID-19 crisis.The effectiveness, safety, and equitability of digitalized violence prevention/response services depends on how well they are balanced vis-a-vis the gender digital divide and risk of digital GBV.

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Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine measures policies increased Internet usage, leading to technological hazards as technology facilitated sexual violence (TFSV). Aim: The current work aimed to assess TFSV among working and non-working Egyptian females before and during COVID-19. Methods: The current work is a cross-sectional observational comparative study using an anonymous online questionnaire distributed through social platforms among working and non-working Egyptian females. Results: TFSV was reported by 50.3% of the participants; however, regarding some forms of digital sexual violence, there was a significant decrease during COVID-19 lockdown than before it, considering; threatened creation form (7.8%, 12.0%; p = 0.017); non-consensual pornography (31.4%, 51.9%; p < 0.001) and online sexual harassment and cyber-stalking types (80.9%, 89.4%; p < 0.001). Only 17.3% of the study participants knew the identity of the perpetrator. TFSV led 6.4% to abstain from social media, and 3.9% reported the incident to a law agency. Conclusions: The current study revealed that almost half of women experienced TFSV. Although time spent on the Internet by the whole participants during the pandemic was significantly higher than before, there was a significant decrease in some types of TFSV. The current study revealed that divorced females working in non-governmental sectors experienced harassment more significantly than others. There is crucial importance to set laws and penalties against perpetrators of TFSV to provide a safe technological environment for women.

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A violência no namoro entre adolescentes é considerada um problema de saúde pública e preditor de violência conjugal. Esta revisão sistemática objetivou analisar as publicações sobre a violência digital no namoro entre adolescentes, nos âmbitos nacional e internacional. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, PubMed e no buscador Google Acadêmico, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. A amostra final incluiu 34 artigos internacionais. A violência digital no namoro ocorre de duas formas: os comportamentos de controle e de monitoramento e a violência sexual digital, ambos mediados pela internet. Aponta-se a potência silenciosa da violência naturalizada e quiçá tomada como parte integrante do relacionamento. Constatou-se necessidade de incremento na realização de pesquisas brasileiras para maior aprofundamento acerca do fenômeno, com vistas à prevenção desse tipo de violência, bem como o uso mais responsável e positivo das tecnologias de informação e comunicação pelos adolescentes nas relações de namoro.

Violence in dating among adolescents is considered a public health problem and a predictor of marital violence. This systematic review aimed to analyse the scientific production on digital dating violence among adolescents, nationally and internationally. The search was carried out in the databases SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar, in the Portuguese, English and Spanish languages. The final sample resulted in 34 international papers. Digital dating violence occurs in two ways: control and monitoring behaviours and digital sexual violence, both mediated by the Internet. We point to the silent power of violence, naturalized and perhaps taken as a part of the relationship. There is need to increase the number of Brazilian studies to further the phenomenon, in order to prevent this type of violence, as well as a more responsible and positive use of information and communication technologies by adolescents in dating relationships.

Violencia en el noviazgo entre adolescentes es considerada un problema de salud pública y predictor de violencia conyugal. El objetivo de la revisión sistemática fue analizar las investigaciones acerca de violencia digital en el noviazgo entre adolescentes, en los ámbitos nacional y internacional. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, PubMed y buscador Google Académico, en portugués, inglés y español. La muestra final resultó en 34 artículos internacionales. Violencia digital en el noviazgo ocurre de dos formas: comportamientos de control y monitoreo, y violencia sexual digital. Se apunta la potencia silenciosa de violencia, naturalizada y quizá tomada como parte integrante de la relación. Se constató necesidad de incremento en realización de investigaciones brasileñas para una mayor profundización acerca del fenómeno, con miras a prevención, así como el uso más responsable de tecnologías de información y comunicación por adolescentes en relaciones de noviazgo.

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The practice of sending and receiving nude and semi-nude images without consent is gaining increasing public attention and has been identified as a new form of digital sexual violence, framing sexting as a risk behaviour. In order to account for the existence of non-consensual nude sharing among young people in Denmark, we set out to conduct an ethnographic exploration of the social processes, gender dynamics and social implications of the practice. Our analysis suggests that non-consensual sharing acts as a form of visual gossip to maintain social bonds and gendered recognition. The practice often has gendered implications as it rests on and reproduces gendered values, forming the basis for judging girls' and boys' sexual activities differently. By using the framework of visual gossip, we draw attention to how the social dynamics of gossiping shape the different violating actions tied to the nude across time and context.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was threefold: (1) learn more about factors associated with teenage intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization; (2) explore aspects of digital media use in connection with teenage IPV; (3) and compare the impact IPV victimization has on boys and girls. METHOD: Survey data from 549 Norwegian students, mean age 15.2 years, who had experience(s) with being in intimate relationship(s), were examined. Experiences with psychological, physical, digital, and sexual violence were analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 42.9% of the participants had experienced some form of IPV: 29.1% had experienced digital violence; 25.9% had experienced psychological violence; 18.8% had experienced sexual violence; and 12.8% had experienced physical violence. Factors significantly associated with teenage IPV victimization were female gender, older partners, domestic violence, bullying victimization, low academic achievements, and sending sexual messages via digital media. Girls reported to be significantly more negatively impacted by the victimization than boys. CONCLUSIONS: Some teenagers experience victimization in their intimate relationships, and for many digital media seems to play a central role in this violence. Teenagers who experience victimization outside their relationships or have risky lifestyles have a higher risk of experiencing IPV victimization. A focus on teenage IPV, and especially digital media's role in this violence, is needed if this public health issue is to be combated.