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BACKGROUND: Nutritional supplements for sports and exercise (NSSE) can facilitate the exogenous replenishment of the body. This study provides the first extensive overview of NSSE research through bibliometric and visual analyses. METHODS: We searched the Web of Science Core Collection database for literature related to "NSSE" from 1st January 2000 to 8th March 2024. A total of 1744 articles were included. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix R package software were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Research in the NSSE can be divided into steady growth, exponential growth, fluctuating stage, and surge stages. The United States is the most active country in this field. In recent years, the leading countries have been Croatia, Colombia, Slovenia, Chile, Egypt, China, and Thailand. The Australian Institute of Sports is the top research institution in terms of number of publications. Burke, LM from Australia published the most articles. Research in this area has primarily been published in Nutrients in Switzerland. The study population mainly consisted of men, and postmenopausal women were the main focus of the female group. Coronary heart and cardiovascular diseases continue to dominate research. CONCLUSION: Research on the NSSE is developing rapidly, with an annual growth trend. Insulin resistance, sports nutrition, inflammation, alpha-linolenic acid, limb strength performance, female sex, and gut microbiota are the focus of the current research and trends for future research. Future research should focus on improving the scientific training system for athletes and quality of training and life for the general public.
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Bibliometría , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ejercicio Físico , Deportes , Humanos , Deportes/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Femenino , Salud Global , Chile , Colombia , Fenómenos Fisiológicos en la Nutrición Deportiva , Croacia , TailandiaRESUMEN
Selenium (Se) is a mineral with several biological functions, and studies have shown that its deficiency can be linked to many complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aims to systematically review the effects of Se supplementation in patients with CKD undergoing haemodialysis (HD). This systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA statement. Clinical trials were searched in PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases from inception to July 2021 and updated in July 2024. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021231444). Two independent reviewers performed the study screening and data extraction, and the risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Thirteen studies were included in this review. Only nine studies showed results on Se levels; in all, reduced Se levels were observed before supplementation. A positive effect of supplementation on plasma Se level was demonstrated. Of the ten studies analysed, six demonstrated positive effects on antioxidant and inflammatory markers. Only one study analysed immunological parameters, showing a positive impact. From two studies that analysed thyroid hormones, only one showed positive results. All studies were classified as high risk of bias. The findings suggest that Se supplementation significantly increases plasma Se levels in these patients; however, there are still not enough studies to clarify the effects of Se supplementation on the antioxidant and inflammatory markers, immune system and thyroid hormones. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of Se supplementation and to provide a recommendation for patients with CKD undergoing HD.
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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the effect of whey protein (WP) supplementation on glycemic control, muscle strength, quality of life, and body composition in older adults with non-insulin-dependent diabetes undergoing a resistance training program. METHODS: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study was carried out with older adults with Type 2 diabetes. Body composition, food intake, muscle strength, glycemic profile, markers of renal function, cardiopulmonary capacity, and quality of life were evaluated. Older adults were randomized into a supplementation group with 33 g of WP consumed twice a week on days of resistance training for 12 weeks supplemented group and a placebo group. RESULTS: In total, 39 older adults were randomized into two groups, 19 in the supplement group and 20 in the placebo group. Both groups showed improvement in muscle strength, with the WP group failing to exceed that of the control group. WP supplementation slightly increased blood urea compared with the placebo group (p = .05), but values remained within normal limits. The group that used WP showed a small improvement in mental health, according to the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire, but without clinically important improvements. CONCLUSION: Both groups showed improvements in muscle strength and mass, regardless of supplementation, showing that resistance exercises performed twice a week can contribute to the nonprogression of sarcopenia in older adults with Type 2 diabetes. More studies are needed to determine the safe and effective amount of supplementation to improve muscle strength without renal impairment in older adults with diabetes.
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This study investigates Cystobasidium benthicum (Cb) probiotic yeast and Cyrtocarpa edulis (Ce) fruit dietary effects, single (0.5 %) or combined (Cb:Ce, 0.25:0.25 %), on growth performance, humoral immunity in serum and skin mucus, and intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after 14 and 28 days. The Cb group presented the highest (P < 0.05) specific growth rate, weight gain, and absolute growth rate with respect to the control group. Immunological assays indicated that Cb, Ce and Cb:Ce groups increased serum nitric oxide concentration compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Cb and Cb:Ce groups showed the highest serum myeloperoxidase enzyme activity at day 14 and 28, respectively (P < 0.05); whereas, Cb:Ce group had the highest (P < 0.05) myeloperoxidase activity in skin mucus. The superoxide dismutase enzyme activity was unaffected. On day 28, Cb, Ce, and Cb:Ce groups showed higher and lower (P < 0.05) catalase enzyme activity in serum and skin mucus, respectively, compared with the control group. Only the Cb group had higher (P < 0.05) total protein concentration in serum (day 14) and skin mucus (day 14 and 28) with respect to the control group. The lysozyme activity in serum (day 28) and skin mucus (day 14) was higher (P < 0.05) in the Cb group compared to the control group. Only the skin mucus of Ce group showed bactericidal activity against Aeromonas dhakensis (P < 0.05). Histological studies indicated that Cb and Cb:Ce groups increased microvilli height, and Cb, Ce and Cb:Ce augmented goblet cell area at day 14 compared to the control group (P < 0.05). At day 28, microvilli height was higher in all groups and the number of intraepithelial leukocytes increased in Cb and Ce groups with respect to the control group (P < 0.05). The ex vivo assay revealed that A. dhakensis in leukocytes decreased cell viability similar to the control group (P < 0.05). A principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the results. In conclusion, C. benthicum in the diet was the best supplement to improve the growth and immunity of Nile tilapia.
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Alimentación Animal , Cíclidos , Dieta , Frutas , Probióticos , Animales , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Cíclidos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cíclidos/inmunología , Dieta/veterinaria , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Intestinos/microbiología , Intestinos/inmunología , Piel , Inmunidad Humoral , Moco/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Catalasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a common feature of obesity and plays a crucial role in the progression of its complications. Vitamin D (VitD) plays an important role in modulating the immune response and regulating inflammation. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of isolated VitD supplementation on main inflammatory markers in overweight and obese individuals with no comorbidities and with VitD deficiency. We hypothesized that the increase in serum VitD concentrations after supplementation would significantly reduce the concentrations of inflammatory markers. The search was conducted in Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Eleven randomized placebo-controlled studies were included in the final analysis, with a total of 504 participants and daily (1000-7000 international units) or bolus (100,000-200,000 international units) doses of VitD lasting from 2 to 26 weeks. The VitD supplementation did not influence C-reactive protein (mean difference [MD]: 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.37, 0.39; P = .97), interleukin-6 (MD: -0.34; 95% CI -1.09, 0.42; P = .38), and tumor necrosis factor concentrations (MD: -0.02; 95% CI -0.23, 0.19; P = .85). In the analysis considering the studies with a significant increase in serum VitD concentrations, VitD supplementation also did not influence C-reactive protein (MD: -0.17; 95% CI -0.88, 0.54; P = .64), interleukin-6 (MD: -0.47; 95% CI -1.31, 0.37; P = .27), and tumor necrosis factor concentrations (MD: 0.01; 95% CI -1.34, 1.37; P = .98). This meta-analysis suggests that VitD supplementation does not significantly alter inflammatory markers in overweight and obese individuals.
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Suplementos Dietéticos , Inflamación , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Vitamina D , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Biomarcadores/sangre , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Inflamación/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/complicaciones , Sobrepeso/sangre , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Vitamina D/sangre , Vitamina D/uso terapéutico , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/complicaciones , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
In recent years, there has been a notable surge in the popularity of beetroot-based dietary supplements, driven by their rich nitrate composition. Several types of beetroot-based dietary supplements can be found in markets worldwide; however, ensuring the safety of dietary supplements is a crucial consideration, as there is limited evidence on their safety, especially for older populations. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of a nitrate-rich beetroot extract in older participants taking supplements over 12 weeks. The participants were randomly assigned to receive 20 g daily of beetroot extract or a matching placebo. The safety and tolerability of the supplementation were evaluated as the occurrence of adverse events and anthropometric, biochemical, and hemodynamic parameters were measured. No serious adverse events were reported in any group. Anthropometric, biochemical, and hemodynamic parameter changes between the baseline and the end of the study were not statistically significant in either group. However, interestingly, the group receiving beetroot extract supplementation exhibited a notable increase in plasma nitrate levels (p = 0.076, f = 0.50) and showed a decrease in insulin levels (p = 0.026, f = 0.59). In conclusion, we found that 20 g of beetroot extract supplementation for 12 weeks was safe and well tolerated in older participants.
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Beta vulgaris , Suplementos Dietéticos , Nitratos , Extractos Vegetales , Humanos , Beta vulgaris/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Anciano , Masculino , Femenino , Nitratos/análisis , Raíces de Plantas/química , Método Doble Ciego , Insulina/sangre , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: These guidelines aim to provide evidence-based recommendations for the supplementation of Vitamin D in maintaining bone health. An unmet need persists in Latin American regarding the availability of clinical and real-world data for rationalizing the use of vitamin D supplementation. The objective of these guidelines is to establish clear and practical recommendations for healthcare practitioners from Latin American countries to address Vitamin D insufficiency in clinical practice. METHODS: The guidelines were developed according to the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT methodology for the adaptation or adoption of CPGs or evidence-based recommendations. A search for high quality CPGs was complemented through a comprehensive review of recent literature, including randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews evaluating the effects of Vitamin D supplementation on bone health. The evidence to decision framework proposed by the GRADE Working Group was implemented by a panel of experts in endocrinology, bone health, and clinical research. RESULTS: The guidelines recommend Vitamin D supplementation for individuals aged 18 and above, considering various populations, including healthy adults, individuals with osteopenia, osteoporosis patients, and institutionalized older adults. These recommendations offer dosing regimens depending on an individualized treatment plan, and monitoring intervals of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and adjustments based on individual results. DISCUSSION: The guidelines highlight the role of Vitamin D in bone health and propose a standardized approach for healthcare practitioners to address Vitamin D insufficiency across Latin America. The panel underscored the necessity for generating local data and stressed the importance of considering regional geography, social dynamics, and cultural specificities when implementing these guidelines.
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Suplementos Dietéticos , Osteoporosis , Deficiencia de Vitamina D , Vitamina D , Humanos , Vitamina D/uso terapéutico , Vitamina D/administración & dosificación , América Latina , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/tratamiento farmacológico , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/prevención & control , Osteoporosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteoporosis/prevención & control , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , MasculinoRESUMEN
Dietary supplements are drastically growing as a category of consumer products all over the world. The abuse of supplements marketed for slimming purposes and physical fitness has been observed worldwide in recent years, which raises concerns in terms of public health. In this study, different types of dietary supplements marketed and delivered through the e-commerce were studied for the determination of thallium as a hazardous inorganic contaminant. The total content of thallium was determined by a sensitive voltammetric method after a microwave-assisted oxidative digestion of the sample. In addition, a comparative spectrometric method was applied for validation of the results in the samples. The maximum concentration found for thallium was found to be 2.89 mg kg-1, which well agree with the comparative measurement. Considering the 32 studied formulations, it can be pointed out that â¼24% of the of dietary supplements presented Tl concentrations at concentrations higher than 1 mg kg-1. The results permitted the assessment of the health risk related to thallium from contaminated samples, based on the calculation of the estimated daily intake (EDI) and the risk quotient (HQ). The highest daily intake of thallium was calculated as 82.0 µg day-1 in a protein-based supplement, which is equivalent to an EDI of 1.17 µg kg-1 day-1. This work highlights the need to develop regulations on the limits of toxic elements such as thallium in widely consumed dietary supplements, as well as an in-depth look at the adverse effects caused by this element in the human body.
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Suplementos Dietéticos , Contaminación de Alimentos , Talio , Pérdida de Peso , Talio/análisis , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Humanos , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisisRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Food allergy has several negative nutritional consequences and may persist beyond the first year of lives. This study aimed to assess the role of a complete oral amino acid-based supplement in the diet of children on cow's milk protein elimination diet because of food allergy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included two groups of children aged 1-5 years paired by age and socioeconomic status: (1) study group, on cow's milk protein elimination diet plus an oral amino acid-based supplement, and (2) control group, on cow's milk protein elimination diet. Sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric, and dietary data were obtained through online interviews. Two 24-h dietary recalls were collected on nonconsecutive days. Both groups comprised mostly boys. RESULTS: The study group presented lower values of body mass index. The frequency of feeding difficulties was similar between groups. The study group had a higher intake of energy, protein, carbohydrates, calcium, iron, zinc, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, selenium, vitamins D, E, B1, B2, B6, and B12, niacin, and folic acid compared to the control group. A higher proportion of children in the study group had adequate intake according to the recommendations made for energy, carbohydrates, iron, phosphorus, selenium, vitamins A, D, E, B1, B2, and B6, and folic acid. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a complete oral amino acid-based supplement has a positive effect on the diet quality of preschoolers on cow's milk elimination diet because of food allergy, promoting higher intake of energy, calcium, vitamin D, and other essential nutrients.
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Aminoácidos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Hipersensibilidad a la Leche , Animales , Bovinos , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Aminoácidos/administración & dosificación , Estudios Transversales , Dieta de Eliminación , Leche/inmunología , Proteínas de la Leche/administración & dosificación , Proteínas de la Leche/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Aleurites moluccanus (candlenut) and Bertholletia excelsa (Brazil nut) are marketed as dietary supplements for weight loss. These dietary supplements have been found to sometimes be adulterated with toxic nuts/seeds from Cascabela thevetia, commonly known as yellow oleander or lucky nut. This study emphasizes the key identification parameters to differentiate the genuine and adulterated nuts. Samples were obtained from authenticated sources of the nuts and from commercial sources of dietary supplements. This study examined 38 samples, including voucher and commercial samples. All eight commercial candlenut dietary supplement samples were adulterated. Additionally, two samples sold as Brazil nuts were also found to be adulterated. Other nuts were screened for the presence of Cardiac Glycosides, but none were found to be positive. The presence of yellow oleander was confirmed in all commercial dietary supplement samples marketed as candlenut as well as in commercial samples of Brazil nut. This study provides simple key identification characters using micro-morphology and histochemical localization of cardiac glycosides in the commercial nuts, HPTLC fingerprints, and LC-DAD-Q-ToF analytical parameters to detect and identify adulteration in commercial products.
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Bertholletia , Suplementos Dietéticos , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Bertholletia/química , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Nueces/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Pérdida de Peso , MicroscopíaRESUMEN
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an energy and signaling molecule. It is synthesized endogenously and can be taken as an oral supplement. This review aimed to identify the effects of oral ATP supplementation on anaerobic exercise in healthy resistance-trained adults. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) criteria. The inclusion criteria were articles published from 2000 to 2022, with anaerobic variables (maximal strength, maximum repetitions, and maximum anaerobic power) measurable in healthy adults with experience in resistance training, only randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials (RCTs), and with the acute (a single dose 30 min to 24 h before the tests) and/or chronic (>1 day) oral supplementation of ATP. A total of five RCTs with 121 adult men were included. The oral ATP supplementation achieved significantly greater gains in maximal strength compared with the placebo (PL) (MD = 8.13 kg, 95%CI [3.36-12.90], p < 0.001). Still, no differences were observed in the maximum number of repetitions or the maximum anaerobic power. Furthermore, 400 mg of ATP showed improvement in anaerobic exercise regardless of the duration of the supplementation protocol. In conclusion, supplementation with 400 mg of ATP doses can improve maximal muscle strength in resistance-trained men.
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La seguridad y eficacia de los programas de suplementación con hierro a lactantes, está actualmente en discusión. El objetivo de esta revisión fue identificar estudios sobre riesgos y beneficios de la suplementación con hierro profiláctico en lactantes menores de un año, nacidos a término, con niveles de hemoglobina (Hb) y ferremia desconocidos. Se realizó una búsqueda en Pubmed y Cochrane, identificando 3 revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis. Estos estudios arrojaron resultados que indican mejoras en los niveles séricos de hierro y hemoglobina como resultado de la suplementación con hierro. Sin embargo, no se observó un beneficio significativo en el desarrollo cognitivo de los lactantes. Los efectos adversos más reportados son los gastrointestinales, efectos en el crecimiento (menor ganancia de talla y peso) y menor absorción de zinc. En resumen, la evidencia en cuanto a la profilaxis con hierro en lactantes es limitada, lo que nos lleva a recomendar un seguimiento cercano de los lactantes que reciben suplementos de hierro, con el objetivo de detectar posibles eventos adversos. Es fundamental evaluar cuidadosamente los riesgos y beneficios de esta intervención antes de su implementación (AU)
The safety and efficacy of iron supplementation programs for infants are currently under discussion. The objective of this review was to identify studies on the risks and benefits of prophylactic iron supplementation in infants under one year of age, born at term, with unknown hemoglobin (Hb) and serum iron levels. The search was conducted on Pubmed and Cochrane, identifying three systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The results indicate improvements in serum iron and hemoglobin levels as a result of iron supplementation. However, a significant benefit in infant cognitive development was not observed. The most reported adverse effects were gastrointestinal, effects on growth (reduced height and weight gain), and reduced zinc absorption. In summary, the evidence regarding iron prophylaxis in infants is limited, leading us to recommend close monitoring of infants receiving iron supplements to detect potential adverse events. It is crucial to carefully assess the risks and benefits of this intervention before implementation (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Lactante , Sulfato Ferroso , Hierro de la Dieta/uso terapéutico , Suplementos Dietéticos/provisión & distribución , Análisis de Costo-Efectividad , Hemoglobinas , Anemia Ferropénica/prevención & controlRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the influence of caffeine (CAF) intake strategies, taking into account their form, timing, and dosage, on heart rate variability (HRV) indices in the post-exercise recovery period. METHODS: The meta-analysis adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and is registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023425885). A comprehensive literature search was carried out across MEDLINE, Web of Science, LILACS, and SCOPUS, concluding in May 2023. We concentrated on randomized clinical trials comparing CAF supplementation effects to placebo on HRV indices post-exercise in active adults aged 18 and above. The primary endpoint was the assessment of HRV indices, measured both prior to and following exercise. RESULTS: Of the 10 studies included, 7 were used for the meta-analysis, and all contributed to the systematic review. The research explored a variety of CAF strategies, spanning different forms (capsule, drink, gum), times (10, 45, 60 min) and doses (2.1 to 6.0 mg/kg). The outcomes revealed no substantial variations between the placebo and CAF conditions in terms of both the square root of the average of successive squared differences between adjacent RR intervals (RMSSD) (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.03, 95% CI -0.265 to 0.197, p=0.77) and high frequency (HF) index (SMD -0.061, 95% CI -0.272 to 0.150, p=0.57). Furthermore, metaregression analysis, employing a fixed-effects model and accounting for the administered CAF doses, revealed no significant correlation between caffeine doses and HRV indices (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, there is moderate-certainty evidence suggesting that different CAF intake strategies, encompassing aspects such as form, time, and dose, do not have a significant impact on HRV indices recovery post-exercise (i.e., vagal modulation).
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Cafeína , Ejercicio Físico , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Humanos , Cafeína/administración & dosificación , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Estimulantes del Sistema Nervioso Central/administración & dosificación , Estimulantes del Sistema Nervioso Central/farmacología , Recuperación de la Función , Recuperación Después del EjercicioRESUMEN
Prebiotics are substrates selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit. The effects of prebiotics on the gut microbiome of individuals with inflammatory processes need further investigations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of prebiotics on the gastrointestinal microbiome of individuals with some types of inflammatory conditions. Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of different prebiotics on the gut microbiome were included. A systematic review of the literature including searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was performed until 23 March 2023. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's criteria. Qualitative data was tabulated to facilitate comparisons and represented in the form of descriptive statistics and summary tables. Thirty trials, ranging from 12 to 135 patients, were included. The most commonly used prebiotic type was inulin-type fructans, and the treatment duration ranged from 1 to 36 weeks. The majority of the trials investigated the gut microbiome using 16 s rRNA gene sequencing on the Illumina Miseq platform. In general, prebiotic therapy exerted positive effects on inflammatory conditions. An increase in Bifidobacterium genus was the most common shift in bacterial composition observed. Within the limits of this systematic review, it can be suggested that prebiotic therapy presents the potential to favorably modulate the gastrointestinal microbiome of individuals with different types of inflammatory conditions.
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Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Prebióticos , Humanos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Inulina , FructanosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of supplementation with whey protein combined with vitamins C and E on inflammatory markers in hemodialysis (HD) patients. DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a pioneer, randomized and double-blinded study. Patients were randomized into two groups and stratified by HD frequency. The supplementation group received 20 g of whey protein, 250 mg of vitamin C, and 600 IU of vitamin E; the placebo group, 20 g of rice flour, and microcrystalline cellulose capsules. The interventions were given after HD, 3 times a week, for 8 weeks. The inflammatory markers were assessed: interleukin (IL) IL-12p70, IL-10, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. For statistical analysis, the χ2 test, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test, analysis of variance for repeated two-way measurements, paired t test, and Wilcoxon test were performed. P < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients completed the study. No significant differences were found in inflammatory markers when comparing the groups postintervention. In the intragroup was a decrease in IL-10 in the supplementation group after 8 weeks (P = .0382). IL-6 tended to decrease by 810.95% in the supplementation group and increased by 732.8% (nonsignificant) in the placebo group. CONCLUSION: Whey protein combined with vitamins C and E significantly reduced IL-10 in the supplementation group and could be beneficial to reduce IL-6 in HD patients. Future studies are suggested with a larger sample size, different supplementation doses, and longer interventions.
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Ácido Ascórbico , Interleucina-10 , Humanos , Proteína de Suero de Leche/uso terapéutico , Interleucina-6 , Proyectos Piloto , Suplementos Dietéticos , Vitaminas/uso terapéutico , Diálisis Renal , Método Doble CiegoRESUMEN
Dietary supplements (DS) are intended for healthy people to maintain or improve their overall health. Its consumption is widespread in large part of the general population and at all levels of athletes. Nevertheless, DS use can also pose health risks to individuals and, in the case of athletes, may lead to adverse analytical findings (AAFs) due to the possibility of DS contamination or adulteration with doping agents banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Although educational initiatives are being performed in Brazil to warn the sports community about inadvertent doping cases, AAFs connected to the DS administration have been increasingly growing. The findings of DS analyzed by the Brazilian Doping Control Laboratory (LBCD), between 2017 and 2022, after Testing Authorities (TAs) analysis requests, showed an alarming number of tainted samples. Diuretics were the most common adulterants found in all supplement types. However, the profile of prohibited substances in manufactured and compounded dietary supplements (MDS and CDS, respectively) were distinct, with stimulants being most prevalent in MDS and anabolic agents in CDS products. Additionally, MDS samples generally presented higher estimated concentrations of banned substances (mg/g) than CDS samples (µg/g). The common practice of DS intake by athletes continues to be of great concern for a doping-free sport, given the high prevalence of prohibited substances detected in the analyzed samples by the LBCD. The current Brazilian scenario reinforces the importance of raising awareness in the sports community of the possible consequences of an unintentional doping case linked to DS use.
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Doping en los Deportes , Deportes , Humanos , Brasil , Diuréticos/análisis , Atletas , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisisRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Background: A staggering 99% of infant undernutrition mortality comes from Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Despite multiple interventions focusing on nutrition adequacy, 2.7 million children worldwide remain associated with undernutrition-related mortality. The lack of impact from multiple interventions toward undernutrition reflects a strong reason to believe that EED is the missing link that sustains undernutrition in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs). EED is a sub-clinical condition caused by repeated oral enteropathogenic and non-pathogenic fecal microbes exposure that causes intestinal villous malformation, multi-omics changes, chronic intestinal and systemic inflammation, and gut dysbiosis. EED impacts the absorptive capacity and the integrity of the gut, causing a cycle of undernutrition in children. There is currently no protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of EED, hence EED is widely believed to be highly prevalent and underdiagnosed in LMICs. Objective: To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to study the impact of nutritional interventions on EED. Previous studies yielded inconsistent results, hence the synthesis of this information is essential in attaining a deeper understanding of EED to formulate new targets of intervention against child undernutrition. Methods: This systematic review is registered to PROSPERO (CRD42022363157) in accordance to PRISMA, using keywords referring to nutrient supplementation, EED, and child growth failure. Results: Eleven articles were eligible for review, comprising randomized controlled trials performed mainly in the African continent, with a total of 5689 healthy children eligible for analysis. Conclusion: The systematic review illustrates that nutritional interventions have a minimal impact on EED biomarkers and linear growth and reflects the importance of understanding better the mechanisms causing EED and its consequences. It appears that the anabolic contribution of nutrition intervention to child growth is negated by EED.
RESUMO Contexto: Um número impressionante de 99% da mortalidade por desnutrição infantil provém da África Subsaariana e do Sul da Ásia. Apesar de múltiplas intervenções focadas na adequação nutricional, 2,7 milhões de crianças em todo o mundo permanecem associadas à mortalidade relacionada à desnutrição. A falta de impacto de múltiplas intervenções em direção à desnutrição reflete uma forte razão para acreditar que a disfunção entérica ambiental (DEA) é o elo perdido que sustenta a desnutrição em países de baixa e média renda. A DEA é uma condição subclínica causada pela exposição repetida a micróbios fecais enteropatogênicos e não patogênicos por via oral, que causa malformação vilosa intestinal, alterações multiômicas, inflamação intestinal e sistêmica crônica, e disbiose intestinal. A DEA impacta a capacidade absortiva e a integridade do intestino, causando um ciclo de desnutrição em crianças. Atualmente, não existe protocolo para o diagnóstico e tratamento da DEA, portanto, acredita-se amplamente que a DEA seja altamente prevalente e subdiagnosticada em países de baixa e média renda. Objetivo: Até onde sabemos, esta é a primeira revisão sistemática para estudar o impacto das intervenções nutricionais na DEA. Estudos anteriores apresentaram resultados inconsistentes, portanto, a síntese dessas informações é essencial para obter uma compreensão mais profunda da DEA e formular novos alvos de intervenção contra a desnutrição infantil. Métodos: Esta revisão sistemática está registrada no PROSPERO (CRD42022363157) de acordo com o PRISMA, utilizando palavras-chave referentes à suplementação de nutrientes, DEA e falha no crescimento infantil. Resultados: Onze artigos foram elegíveis para revisão, compreendendo ensaios clínicos randomizados realizados principalmente no continente africano, com um total de 5689 crianças saudáveis elegíveis para análise. Conclusão: A revisão sistemática ilustra que as intervenções nutricionais têm um impacto mínimo nos biomarcadores da DEA e no crescimento linear, e reflete a importância de entender melhor os mecanismos que causam a DEA e suas consequências. Parece que a contribuição anabólica da intervenção nutricional para o crescimento infantil é negada pela DEA.
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La leche humana es el estándar de oro para la nutrición del bebé y debe iniciarse en la primera hora de vida. La leche de vaca, de otros mamíferos o las bebidas vegetales no se deben ofrecer antes del año de vida. Sin embargo, algunos niños requieren, al menos en parte, de fórmulas infantiles. Aun con las sucesivas mejoras a lo largo de la historia mediante la incorporación de oliogosacáridos, probióticos, prebióticos, sinbióticos y postbióticos, las fórmulas infantiles siguen siendo perfectibles para reducir la brecha de salud entre los bebés amamantados y aquellos alimentados con fórmula. En este sentido, se espera que la complejidad de las fórmulas siga aumentando a medida que se conozca mejor cómo modular el desarrollo de la microbiota intestinal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión no sistemática del efecto de los diferentes escenarios lácteos sobre la microbiota intestinal.
Human milk is the gold standard for infant nutrition, and breastfeeding should be started within the first hour of life. Cow's milk, other mammalian milk, or plant-based beverages should not be offered before 1 year of age. However, some infants require, at least in part, infant formulas. Even with subsequent enhancements throughout history, with the addition of oligosaccharides, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics, infant formulas still have room for improvement in reducing the health gap between breastfed and formula-fed infants. In this regard, the complexity of infant formulas is expected to continue to increase as the knowledge of how to modulate the development of the gut microbiota is better understood. The objective of this study was to perform a non-systematic review of the effect of different milk scenarios on the gut microbiota.