RESUMEN

The acceleration of aging is a risk factor for numerous diseases, and diet has been identified as an especially effective anti-aging method. Currently, research on the relationship between dietary nutrient intake and accelerated aging remains limited, with existing studies focusing on the intake of a small number of individual dietary nutrients. Comprehensive research on the single and mixed anti-aging effects of dietary nutrients has not been conducted. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the effects of numerous dietary nutrient intakes, both singly and in combination, on the acceleration of aging. Data for this study were extracted from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). The acceleration of aging was measured by phenotypic age acceleration. Linear regression (linear), restricted cubic spline (RCS) (nonlinear), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) (mixed effect) models were used to explore the association between dietary nutrient intake and accelerated aging. A total of 4692 participants aged ≥ 20 were included in this study. In fully adjusted models, intakes of 16 nutrients were negatively associated with accelerated aging (protein, vitamin E, vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin K, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, potassium, dietary fiber, and alcohol). Intakes of total sugars, vitamin C, vitamin K, caffeine, and alcohol showed significant nonlinear associations with accelerated aging. Additionally, mixed dietary nutrient intakes were negatively associated with accelerated aging. Single dietary nutrients as well as mixed nutrient intake may mitigate accelerated aging. Moderately increasing the intake of specific dietary nutrients and maintaining dietary balance may be key strategies to prevent accelerated aging.

Asunto(s)

Envejecimiento , Dieta , Nutrientes , Encuestas Nutricionales , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Dieta/métodos , Nutrientes/administración & dosificación , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Modelos Lineales

RESUMEN

The association between dietary quality and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on the Chinese Dietary Balance Index (DBI-16) is seldom reported. We hypothesized that poor dietary quality might increase the risk of T2DM in the middle-aged and older populations. A total of 1816 individuals (≥50 years) were included in the study. Demographic characteristics and dietary intake data were collected. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were conducted to explore the association between DBI-16 indexes and the risk of T2DM. The insufficient intake of vegetables and dairy might decrease the risk of T2DM (ORVegetable = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.60-0.97; ORDairy = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35-0.96), but the individuals with insufficient intake of fruit were more likely to have a higher risk of T2DM (ORfruit = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.69-3.06). Compared with the subjects with the lowest quartile of Low Bound Score (LBS) or Diet Quality Distance (DQD), the individuals with Q2 and Q3 level of LBS (ORQ2 = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.03-1.90, P = .033; ORQ3 = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.11-2.08, P < .01) or DQD (ORQ2 = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.06-1.99, P = .021; ORQ3 = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.20-2.24, P < .01) showed increased risk of T2DM with a nonlinear association observed by RCS analysis. We concluded that imbalanced dietary intake, especially insufficient daily fruit intake, might predict an increased risk of T2DM in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese.

Asunto(s)

Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Dieta , Frutas , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiología , China/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Incidencia , Factores de Riesgo , Verduras , Productos Lácteos

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dietary quality of the rural elderly aged 65 years and above. METHODS: In February-March 2023, a convenience sampling method was adopted to select 454 rural elderly aged 65 years and above in a township of Luzhou City. The dietary survey was conducted using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire(FFQ-25), and the questionnaire information was collected by face-to-face interviews. Dietary quality was evaluated using the Dietary Balance Index-16(DBI-16) score. RESULTS: The proportion of older people in the region with moderate and high dietary imbalances was 79.7%. Inadequate and excessive dietary intake coexisted. The average daily intake of cereals and potatoes and livestock and meat foods were 356.7 g and 76.2 g, exceeding the recommended intake. The average daily intake of fruit, milk and fish and shrimp intake was 22.8 g, 36 g and 3.7 g, respectively, which was only 10% of the recommended amount, and the intake was seriously insufficient. In addition, the degree of food diversity is relatively low, with most of the average daily intake of food types ranging from five to eight, and only 4.6% of the elderly having more than eight. A total of seven dietary patterns were found among the rural elderly in the region, including a certain degree of under-consumption pattern, a severe under-consumption pattern, a certain degree of over-consumption pattern, and a pattern of both under-consumption and over-consumption. That was dominated by the pattern of severe underconsumption and the pattern of some degree of underconsumption and higher degree of overconsumption, which accounted for 72.3% of the total. CONCLUSION: The rural elderly aged 65 years and above in Luzhou City have a serious dietary imbalance, with a high proportion of insufficient intake of vegetables, fruits and milk, as well as aquatic products and eggs; and excessive intake of livestock, poultry, meat and cereals and potatoes.

Asunto(s)

Dieta , Verduras , Anciano , Animales , Humanos , Frutas , Ciudades , Carne , China , Conducta Alimentaria

RESUMEN

This study assessed the validity of dietary balance scores (DBSs) by investigating the association between DBSs and nutrient adequacy (NA) in two Japanese populations. The participants were 65 community-dwelling Japanese from Tokushima Prefecture and 2,330 community-dwelling Japanese from Aichi Prefecture. Based on food frequency questionnaires or 3-day dietary records, we obtained 18 food groups. The NA score integrates nine beneficial nutrients and two nutrients that should be limited. We calculated four different DBSs: DBS1 consisted of five food groups (score range:0?20), DBS2 consisted of nine food groups (score range:0?36), DBS3 consisted of eight food groups (score range:0?32), and DBS4 consisted of 10 food groups (score range:0?40). Both the Spearman rank correlation coefficient with NA and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) for the nine beneficial nutrients were then estimated to test the performance of each DBS in predicting nutrient intake. The results showed that DBS1 and DBS4 were positively correlated with NA, while the AUC-ROC showed that DBS4 could moderately discriminate individuals with adequate intake levels of all nine nutrients. These findings suggest DBSs (especially DBS4) are useful in assessing dietary balance in middle-aged and older community-dwelling Japanese. J. Med. Invest. 70 : 377-387, August, 2023.

Asunto(s)

Dieta , Pueblos del Este de Asia , Anciano , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dieta/métodos , Ingestión de Energía , Vida Independiente , Japón , Nutrientes

RESUMEN

A balanced diet is considered necessary in maternal recovery and neonatal development; however, the dietary quality of lactating mothers in China has not been systematically evaluated in different regions and stages of lactation. In addition, the release of the Chinese Dietary Guidelines in 2022 implies that the dietary index method needs to be adjusted accordingly. In this study, the adjusted Chinese Dietary Balance Index-16 (DBI-16) was used to assess the dietary quality of lactating women, referred to as the Dietary Balance Index for lactating women (DBI-L). This study is part of the MUAI study, in which dietary intake and demographic characteristics of lactating mothers from six cities in China and at different stages of lactation were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire and a food frequency questionnaire; 2532 puerperal women were included. According to the DBI-L, 66.2% of participants had inadequate dietary intake (79.1% vegetables, 79.1% fruits, 86.7% dairy products, 39.7% soybeans, and 69.4% fish products, respectively), 57.8% had excessive intake (76.0% cereals, 64.4% meat, and 29.1% eggs, respectively) and 92.2% had unbalanced dietary consumption. Dietary quality was optimal for mothers in the first month after delivery, and the dietary quality of mothers in economically developed places such as Shanghai and Guangzhou was significantly better than that in less developed places such as Lanzhou and Changchun. The dietary quality of lactating women in China is imbalanced, with excessive and inadequate dietary intake. The country should strengthen nutritional interventions for lactating mothers, especially in economically underdeveloped regions.

Asunto(s)

Pueblos del Este de Asia , Lactancia , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , China , Dieta , Periodo Posparto

RESUMEN

Background: In recent years, with the rapidly development of economic globalization, residents' dietary structure has undergone major changes, and diet have emerged as an important environmental factors linked to the increased incidence of obesity. Therefore, evaluating the overall dietary quality and structure of residents, further clarifying the main dietary factors that lead to disease occurrence, is of great practical significance for disease prevention and control. Methods: Baseline data from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort study (CMEC), Han people living in high-altitude and cold regions of Yunnan Province, which was 1518 participants. In this study, the dietary balance index (DBI-16) was used (i) To evaluate the dietary quality of Han nationality residents 30-79 years old in the Yunnan plateau; (ii) To analyze the correlation between the dietary quality and overweight/obesity; (iii) And to provide reference basis of nutritional intervention for local residents and explore the main dietary factors affecting their health status. Results: The dietary structure of the Han nationality residents in the cold regions of Yunnan plateau is unreasonable. Firstly, the intake of cereals, fruits, dairy, eggs and fishes is insufficient to varying degrees, while the intake of beans, poultry, and cooking oil is relatively high. Secondly, the dietary patterns of normal groups, the overweight and obese groups obeyed the A, E, H and I dietary patterns, and the serum Leptin and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) levels of the overweight and obese group were higher than the normal group between the different dietary patterns (P < 0.05, r > 0). Additionally, excessive dietary intake was positively correlated with a higher serum UCP1 level (P < 0.05, r > 0). In comparison, insufficient dietary intake was positively correlated with a higher serum A-FABP level (P < 0.05, r > 0). Conclusion: Through the DBI-16, it is found that the dietary structure of the Han nationality residents in the cold regions of Yunnan plateau was in a serious imbalance state, and nutritional guidance and intervention should be further strengthened.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To assess the dietary quality of patients with severe cerebrovascular disease using Diet Balance Index-16 (DBI-16) and to provide scientific evidence for the establishment of targeted dietary intervention and related dietary nutritional education for patients. METHODS: The general information of 214 hospitalized patients with severe cerebrovascular disease, including gender and age etc., were investigated by a self-made questionnaire on health risk factors, and the dietary quality conditions of patients was evaluated by DBI-16 scoring method. RESULTS: The dietary quality of patients with severe cerebrovascular disease had low levels of imbalanced conditions, accompanied with low levels of inadequate intake and excessive intake. The degree of excessive intake in female patients was clearly less than that in male patients. The degree of inadequate intake and total scores in patients younger than 55 years old was lower than those in the other two groups. The intake of vegetables, fruits, milk and soybeans in most of patients did not reach the recommended nutrient intake and the animal product amount was insufficient. In addition, the intake of low quality food and condiments such as oil and salt were excessive in patients with severe cerebrovascular disease. Dietary pattern A was the main model. CONCLUSIONS: The overall diet structure of patients with severe cerebrovascular disease is not rational. It is recommended to appropriately balance the intake of grains and animal products, increase the intake of milk, soybeans, vegetables and fruits, and strictly control the amount of oil and salt.

RESUMEN

Dietary protein (P) and carbohydrate (C) have a major impact on the sweet taste sensation. However, it remains unclear whether the balance of P and C influences the sweet taste sensitivity. Here, we use the nutritional geometry framework (NGF) to address the interaction of protein and carbohydrates on sweet taste using Drosophila as a model. Our results reveal that high-protein, low-carbohydrate (HPLC) diets sensitize to sweet taste and low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) diets desensitize sweet taste in both male and female flies. We further investigate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of two diets on sweet taste using RNA sequencing. When compared to the LPHC diet, the mRNA expression of genes involved in the metabolism of glycine, serine, and threonine is significantly upregulated in the HPLC diet group, suggesting these amino acids may mediate sweet taste perception. We further find that sweet sensitization occurs in flies fed with the LPHC diet supplemented with serine and threonine. Our study demonstrates that sucrose taste sensitivity is affected by the balance of dietary protein and carbohydrates possibly through changes in serine and threonine.

Asunto(s)

Percepción del Gusto , Gusto , Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Percepción del Gusto/genética , Sacarosa/farmacología , Drosophila/genética , Carbohidratos/farmacología , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Serina/farmacología , Treonina/farmacología

RESUMEN

AIMS: Sleep is a fundamental physiological function and is essential for all animals. Sleep is affected by diet compositions including protein (P) and carbohydrates (C), but there has not been a systematic investigation on the effect of dietary macronutrient balance on sleep. MAIN METHODS: We used the nutritional geometry framework (NGF) to explore the interactive effects on sleep of protein (P) and carbohydrates (C) in the model organism Drosophila. Both female and male flies were fed various diets containing seven ratios of protein-to-carbohydrates at different energetic levels for 5 days and sleep was monitored by the Drosophila Activity Monitor (DAM) system. KEY FINDINGS: Our results showed that the combination of low protein and high carbohydrates (LPHC) prolonged sleep time and sleep quality, with fewer sleep episodes and longer sleep duration. We further found that the effects of macronutrients on sleep mirrored levels of hemolymph glucose and whole-body glycogen. Moreover, transcriptomic analyses revealed that a high-protein, low-carbohydrate (HPLC) diet significantly elevated the gene expression of metabolic pathways when compared to the LPHC diet, with the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism pathway being most strongly elevated. Further studies confirmed that the contents of glycine, serine, and threonine affected sleep. SIGNIFICANCE: Our results demonstrate that sleep is affected by the dietary balance of protein and carbohydrates possibly mediated by the change in glucose, glycogen, glycine, serine, and threonine.

Asunto(s)

Dieta , Proteínas en la Dieta , Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Proteínas en la Dieta/metabolismo , Glucosa/metabolismo , Dieta con Restricción de Proteínas , Glucógeno , Drosophila/metabolismo , Treonina , Glicina , Sueño , Serina , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/farmacología

RESUMEN

A growing amount of research is being conducted on cultural intelligence (CQ), which is the ability to adjust and adapt successfully to a variety of surroundings. CQ is a vital quality for people in diversified societies, as are seen today. However, it is still unclear how an individual can develop or strengthen CQ because previous studies have shown that variables such as foreign experience and personality are not exclusively sufficient as CQ antecedents. If CQ can be treated health-scientifically, as the CQ developers argue, diet and exercise that are effective in keeping the body and brain healthy may also correlate with CQ. It is of great significance to clarify the relationship between lifestyle and CQ by applying recent previous research showing the relationship between CQ and both the brain and intelligence, as well as between lifestyle and both the brain and intelligence. Using data derived from 142 Japanese businesspersons, the results of structural equation modeling indicate that lifestyles (dietary balance and walking frequency) are significantly associated with CQ after controlling for personalities (curiosity and grit) and international experiences (length of studying and working abroad), which have been used as predictors of CQ in previous studies. Furthermore, the moderation test showed that the effect of dietary balance on increasing CQ is greater for people with less overseas experience, indicating that dietary balance compensates for lack of overseas experience in the effect of maintaining the level of CQ. These suggest the effectiveness of a health-scientific approach to the influencing factors of CQ. This study is the first to show that CQ is influenced by lifestyle such as walking and dieting, in addition to personality and overseas experience, and will contribute to the future development of health science and cross-cultural research.

RESUMEN

The novel coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has considerably impacted children's lives. The aim of this study was to determine whether the pandemic affected mealtime regularity among preschool children and whether maintaining regular mealtimes or changes in mealtime regularity during the pandemic were related to dietary balance, including chronological relationships. This online cross-sectional survey involving individuals registered with a company that provides meals to children aged 2-6 years was conducted in February 2021. Using a 40-point scale, a healthy diet score (HDS) was developed to evaluate children's dietary balance. The participants were divided into four groups based on their responses, and multiple regression analyses were performed with the HDS as the dependent variable. Maintaining regular mealtimes was associated with practices such as waking and going to bed earlier, less snacking, and eating breakfast every day. Even after adjusting for basic attributes, lifestyle habits, household circumstances, and other factors, regular mealtimes were still positively correlated with the HDS. These findings indicate that maintaining regular mealtimes is associated with higher HDS scores and better lifestyle habits. Furthermore, as the changed HDS was higher in the group whose mealtimes became regular during the pandemic, adopting regular mealtimes may lead to a more balanced diet.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19 , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiología , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Dieta , Conducta Alimentaria , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Estilo de Vida , Comidas

RESUMEN

In this study, we analysed the prevalence of diabetes in Inner Mongolia and explored the relationship between dietary patterns and diabetes using the Chinese Dietary Balance Index-16 (DBI-16). This study was a surveillance survey of Chronic Disease and Nutrition Monitoring among Chinese Adults in Inner Mongolia in 2015. Dietary data were collected using the 24-h dietary recall and weighing method over three consecutive days. Dietary quality was evaluated via the DBI-16. A generalised linear model was used to examine the associations between the DBI-16 and dietary patterns. The relationship between dietary patterns and diabetes was analysed using logistic regression. In Inner Mongolia, the diabetes prevalence was 8·5 % and the estimated standardised prevalence was 6·0 %. Four major dietary patterns were identified: 'meat/dairy products', 'traditional northern', 'high cereal/tuber' and 'high-salt/alcohol'. Generalised linear models showed that the 'meat/dairy product' pattern was relatively balanced (ßLBS = -1·993, ßHBS = -0·206, ßDQD = -2·199; all P < 0·05) and was associated with a lower diabetes risk (OR 0·565; 95 % CI 0·338, 0·945; P < 0·05) after adjusting for potential confounders. The other three dietary patterns (i.e. 'traditional northern', 'high cereal/tuber' and 'high-salt/alcohol') exhibited relatively unbalanced dietary quality and were unassociated with diabetes risk. Diabetes prevalence in Inner Mongolia was moderate. The dietary quality of the 'meat/dairy product' pattern was relatively balanced and was correlated with a decreased risk of diabetes prevalence, suggesting that dietary quality may help decrease diabetes prevalence and provide a suggestion for local dietary guidelines.

Asunto(s)

Diabetes Mellitus , Dieta , China/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Humanos , Factores de Riesgo

RESUMEN

Following a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only treatment for celiac disease. This diet must ensure the absence of gluten but also needs to be nutritionally balanced. Dietitians working in this field cannot properly evaluate energy and nutrient intake of celiac people because dietary programs available on the market do not contain the nutritional composition of gluten-free products (GFP). Here we present a new GFD evaluation software that contains more than 700 gluten-free rendered foodstuffs and their macronutrient composition. Apart from diet evaluation and design, the software represents a tool for nutritional education as well, since it shows diet appropriacy and indicates how to promote balanced self-care. Moreover, anthropometric and biochemical data or symptoms presence and diet adherence can be recorded and evaluated. This open free software, can be downloaded in its app format for mobiles and tablets. Software evaluation indicated its correct functionality and the importance of assessing a GFD with GFP instead of with their gluten-containing analogues. Thus, this software represents an essential e-Health tool, not only for proper GFD evaluation, but also for improving life quality of celiac and gluten sensitive people.

Asunto(s)

Dieta Sin Gluten/normas , Programas Informáticos , Enfermedad Celíaca/dietoterapia , Bases de Datos Factuales , Humanos , Valores de Referencia

RESUMEN

Elevated branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with obesity and insulin resistance. How long-term dietary BCAAs impact late-life health and lifespan is unknown. Here, we show that when dietary BCAAs are varied against a fixed, isocaloric macronutrient background, long-term exposure to high BCAA diets leads to hyperphagia, obesity and reduced lifespan. These effects are not due to elevated BCAA per se or hepatic mTOR activation, but rather due to a shift in the relative quantity of dietary BCAAs and other AAs, notably tryptophan and threonine. Increasing the ratio of BCAAs to these AAs resulted in hyperphagia and is associated with central serotonin depletion. Preventing hyperphagia by calorie restriction or pair-feeding averts the health costs of a high BCAA diet. Our data highlight a role for amino acid quality in energy balance and show that health costs of chronic high BCAA intakes need not be due to intrinsic toxicity but, rather, a consequence of hyperphagia driven by AA imbalance.

Asunto(s)

Aminoácidos de Cadena Ramificada/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Regulación del Apetito , Esperanza de Vida , Animales , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Hiperfagia/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Insulina , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Obesidad/metabolismo , Serotonina/metabolismo , Triptófano/metabolismo

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Drawing on the ideas of the adult dietary balance index method, based on the recipes of the kindergartens in Lanzhou City, to establish a dietary balance index that can quickly, accurately and conveniently evaluate the dietary quality of the people in the park. METHODS: The stratified random sampling method was used to select and collect 329 recipes for the 40 kindergartens in different geographical locations, grades and properties(public and private) in Lanzhou City from 2012 to 2017. Used EpiData 3. 1 to enter the main food types of the recipe, the specific cooking ingredients and the supply amount of the ingredients. In combination with the 2016 dietary guidelines for the dietary requirements of the population, determined the components and ranges of values for the dietary balance index appropriate for the population. And used this index to evaluate the quality of some complete recipes. RESULTS: The pre-school children's dietary balance index system in Lanzhou City includes 8 individual indicators: cereals, vegetables and fruits, milk and dairy products, soy products and nuts, animal foods, snacks for food consumption, food types and cooking method. Preliminary application of the index system to evaluate the dietary quality of some kindergartens showed that there were significant differences in LBS and DQD between kindergartens of different grades and different years(P<0. 05), and there was no significant difference in HBS(P>0. 05). The result of the dietary evaluation method were consistent. CONCLUSION: The established dietary balance index for preschool children in Lanzhou City can meet the rapid, accurate and convenient evaluation of the dietary quality of the population during the park. In addition to focusing on establishing relevant indicators for food group classification and evaluation, the establishment of specific indicator systems should also increase indicators on children's dietary types and cooking and processing method.

Asunto(s)

Encuestas sobre Dietas , Dieta , Política Nutricional , Ingesta Diaria Recomendada , Adulto , Pueblo Asiatico , Niño , Preescolar , China , Frutas , Humanos , Verduras

RESUMEN

A balanced diet is essential to achieve and maintain good health. In this study, we assessed diet quality of middle aged and elderly people based on Chinese Diet Balance Index-07 (DBI-07) and explored the associations between DBI-07 and anemia. Data analyzed for this study was from the 2010-2012 National Nutrition and Health Survey in Yunnan province, southwest China (n = 738, aged 50-77 years). Dietary recalls over there consecutive days were done in a face-to-face interview. The scores of DBI-07 for each component and three DBI-07 indicators ((Lower Bound Score (LBS), Higher Bound Score (HBS), Diet Quality Distance (DQD)) were calculated according to compliance with the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese residents. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was determined using the cyanmethemoglobin method. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to explore the associations between DBI-07 indicators and anemia, as well as scores of DBI-07 components and Hb level. The sample included 336 men and 402 women. Inadequate intakes of vegetables, fruits, dairy, soybean, eggs, fish and excessive intakes of cereals, meat, cooking oil, salt were both common. 91.3% of the participants had moderate or high levels of inadequate food intake, while 37.7% had moderate or high levels of excessive food intake. The mean Hb was 14.2 ± 1.7 g/dL, with a prevalence of anemia of 13.0%. Subjects with high LBS and DQD were more likely to be anemic (all p < 0.05). After adjustment for potential confounders, there were positive correlations between Hb level and the intakes of vegetables and soybean (ßvegetables = 1.04, p < 0.01; ßsoybean = 0.82, p = 0.04). In conclusion, dietary imbalance and anemia are common in middle aged and elderly population in southwest China and inadequate intakes of vegetables and soybean may increase the risk of anemia.

Asunto(s)

Anemia/epidemiología , Dieta Saludable , Alimentos de Soja , Verduras , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Envejecimiento , Anemia/sangre , Anemia/diagnóstico , Anemia/prevención & control , Biomarcadores/sangre , China/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Dieta Saludable/efectos adversos , Femenino , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Encuestas Nutricionales , Valor Nutritivo , Prevalencia , Factores Protectores , Ingesta Diaria Recomendada , Factores de Riesgo , Salud Rural , Salud Urbana

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diet quality and diet structure of community residents in Bengbu City by Chinese Diet Balance Index-07( DBI-07), in order to provide a scientific basis for dietary guidance and nutrition intervention. METHODS: A stratified cluster random sampling was used in our design, a total of 772 community residents were selected from 8 communities in Bengbu City in 2015. Food intakes were collected by a continuous 3d 24 h dietary survey, and the dietary quality was evaluated by an adjusted DBI-07 scoring and evaluation system. RESULTS: The overall dietary quality of Bengbu community residents was somewhat imbalance( DQD = 31. 6). Insufficient intake( LBS =26. 1) and excessive intake( HBS = 9. 0) were both coexisted in the residents of Bengbu. Male had a higher level of excessive intake and imbalance than female. Rural areas were more severe in insufficient and imbalance than those of the city. Group age from 45 to 55 has the highest level of dietary imbalance( DQD = 35. 2). From the distribution of DBI scores, intake of vegetables, fruits, milk and beans were insufficient, the intake of vegetables and fruits, milk and beans approaching and reaching RNI accounted for 20. 1%and 9. 3%, respectively. Major dietary pattern of residents is the Pattern A( 27. 9%), B( 32. 3%) and E( 21. 0%). CONCLUSION: The dietary quality of residents in Bengbu should be improved. Men, rural residents and 45- 55 age group are the main intervention groups. It is necessary to intensify the dietary guidelines and food guide pagoda, in order to improve the consciousness of residents about reasonable, adequate diet and low salt, low oil.

Asunto(s)

Encuestas sobre Dietas , Dieta , Política Nutricional , Productos Lácteos , Femenino , Frutas , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Verduras

RESUMEN

Objective To analyze and compare the differences in application of 24-hour dietary recall and dietary balance index (DBI) in dietary survey and evaluation of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,meanwhile investigate their nutrition status.Method This was a cross-sectional study.A total of 100 type 2 diabetes inpatients at the age of 19-59 were recruited from Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital from December 2013 to February 2014.They were surveyed and evaluated by 24-hour dietary recall and DBI respectively.Result The micronutrient intake in patients with type 2 diabetes was not sufficient.Compared with RNI,the intake of vitamin B1,B2,and calcium was less than 50％.The average of DBI lower bound score (DBI-LBS) of the 100 patients was 32.1±6.1,65％; the patients were in moderate or severe deficit of food intake.DBI higher bound score (DBI-HBS) was 4.4±2.8.No significant excess intake problem was found.Dietary quality distance was 36.4±6.9.Eighty-seven percent of them had a dietary patterns of mode B.Conclusion Dietary patterns in type 2 diabetes patients were not reasonable.Nutrition education and nutrition intervention for type 2 diabetes should be emphasized.The two methods can be used to evaluate dietary quality independently,but it would be better to evaluate the quality of the patients' diet using two dietary survey methods together.

RESUMEN

The purpose of this study was to suggest an educational direction to aid in formulating a dietary life that is suited to Korea's multicultural families. This was achieved by analyzing the dietary life of immigrant women from multicultural families in Daegu. The study was carried out with 94 immigrant women form multicultural families who were served by public health center A (20 women), public health center B (47 women) and public health center C (27 women). Their home countries were China (55.3%), Vietnam (37.2%), Philippines (3.2%), Japan (2.1%), Uzbekistan (1.1%) and Thailand (1.1%). When the scores of their dietary balance were compared on the basis of the time they have been in Korea (Less than 1 year, 1~3 years, more than 3 years), we found that the score of immigrant women who stayed for less than 1 year was higher than those who stayed for more than 3 years (p<0.05) in terms of their intake of meats, fishes, potato, calcium, and carbohydrate. When subjects were asked about Korean food they wanted to learn how to cook, 30 different types of food were selected and 95.5% of the respondents wanted to learn in detail how to cook Korean food. The place most suitable for them to learn cooking was college (30.3%), while the house of their husband (2.2%) was lowest. Therefore, it seems that a college, public health center or welfare center are good places for immigrant women from multicultural families to participate in an education program that is designed to teach them how to cook Korean food.

Asunto(s)

Femenino , Humanos , Calcio , China , Culinaria , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Peces , Hipogonadismo , Japón , Corea (Geográfico) , Carne , Enfermedades Mitocondriales , Oftalmoplejía , Filipinas , Salud Pública , Solanum tuberosum , Esposos , Tailandia , Uzbekistán , Vietnam

RESUMEN

To revise Chinese Diet Balance Index (DBI) based on the current Chinese Dietary Guidelines and Food Guide Pagoda . Method: Seven food components [(cereals ,vegetables and fruits, bean and dairy , animal food , alcohol ,condiments (salt and edible oil))were selected in combination with food varieties and drinking water to build up Diet Balance Index Revision (DBI-07) .The components were weighed and assigned cut-offs and scores based on the Chinese Food Guide Pagoda. Three scoring methods (LBS-low bound score, HBS-high bound score, DQD-diet quality distance) were used to evaluate the dietary quality of 26300 adults aged 18 to 79 years from 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. Results: The mean LBS, HBS and DQD were 11.5,30.0 and 41.5 respectively. About 78% adult were in moderate or severe deficit of food intake, 35.1% in moderate or severe surplus of food intake, and 43.8% in severe dietary imbalance. Conclusion: DBI-07 can reflect the principles of dietary guidelines, and the scoring method can reflect both deficit and surplus of food intake. DBI-07 can be used to evaluate the dietary quality of individual or the population.