Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Programas de Optimización del Uso de los Antimicrobianos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Humanos , Antibacterianos/economía , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/provisión & distribución , Programas de Optimización del Uso de los Antimicrobianos/economía , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Programas de Optimización del Uso de los Antimicrobianos , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Programas de Optimización del Uso de los Antimicrobianos/métodos , Programas de Optimización del Uso de los Antimicrobianos/tendencias , Países en Desarrollo , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacosAsunto(s)
Investigación Biomédica , Disparidades en Atención de Salud , Trastornos Mentales , Salud Mental , Investigadores , Humanos , África/epidemiología , África/etnología , Investigación Biomédica/estadística & datos numéricos , Investigación Biomédica/tendencias , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/genética , Trastornos Mentales/terapia , Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Investigadores/provisión & distribución , Disparidades en Atención de Salud/tendenciasAsunto(s)
Cambio Climático , Planificación en Desastres , Desastres , Deslizamientos de Tierra , Humanos , Cambio Climático/estadística & datos numéricos , Planificación en Desastres/métodos , Desastres/prevención & control , India , Deslizamientos de Tierra/estadística & datos numéricos , Deslizamientos de Tierra/mortalidad , Medición de RiesgoRESUMEN
Haze in Beijing is linked to atmospherically formed secondary organic aerosol, which has been shown to be particularly harmful to human health. However, the sources and formation pathways of these secondary aerosols remain largely unknown, hindering effective pollution mitigation. Here we have quantified the sources of organic aerosol via direct near-molecular observations in central Beijing. In winter, organic aerosol pollution arises mainly from fresh solid-fuel emissions and secondary organic aerosols originating from both solid-fuel combustion and aqueous processes, probably involving multiphase chemistry with aromatic compounds. The most severe haze is linked to secondary organic aerosols originating from solid-fuel combustion, transported from the Beijing-Tianjing-Hebei Plain and rural mountainous areas west of Beijing. In summer, the increased fraction of secondary organic aerosol is dominated by aromatic emissions from the Xi'an-Shanghai-Beijing region, while the contribution of biogenic emissions remains relatively small. Overall, we identify the main sources of secondary organic aerosol affecting Beijing, which clearly extend beyond the local emissions in Beijing. Our results suggest that targeting key organic precursor emission sectors regionally may be needed to effectively mitigate organic aerosol pollution.
Asunto(s)
Ciudades , Etnobotánica , Plantas Medicinales , India , Plantas Medicinales/química , HumanosRESUMEN
Intestinal failure (IF) remains as a life-threatening medical condition worldwide, but the disparity on the type and quality of medical care available, together with the different limitations to access among individual countries or regions, turned IF assessment and therapy into a difficult matter, which becomes a major hazard for the developing world. This article aims to provide an update regarding definitions used, the current general worldwide data, the developments, achievements, and the different access alternatives in Latin-America, Middle East, and Asia to exemplify what can be done to help patients with IF.