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Plants adapt to cold stress through a tightly regulated process involving metabolic reprogramming and tissue remodeling to enhance tolerance within a short timeframe. However, the precise differences and interconnections among various organs during cold adaptation remain poorly understood. This study employed dynamic transcriptomic and metabolite quantitative analyses to investigate cold adaptation and subsequent de-adaptation in Artemisia annua, a species known for its robust resistance to abiotic stress. Our findings revealed distinct expression patterns in most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding transcription factors and components of the calcium signal transduction pathway within the two organs under cold stress. Notably, the long-distance transport of carbon sources from source organs (leaves) to sink organs (roots) experienced disruption followed by resumption, while nitrogen transport from roots to leaves, primarily in the form of amino acids, exhibited acceleration. These contrasting transport patterns likely contribute to the observed differences in cold response between the two organs. The transcriptomic analysis further indicated that leaves exhibited increased respiration, accumulated anti-stress compounds, and initiated the ICE-CBF-COR signaling pathway earlier than roots. Differential expression of genes associated with cell wall biosynthesis suggests that leaves may undergo cell wall thickening while roots may experience thinning. Moreover, a marked difference was observed in phenylalanine metabolism between the two organs, with leaves favoring lignin production and roots favoring flavonoid synthesis. Additionally, our findings suggest that the circadian rhythm is crucial in integrating temperature fluctuations with the plant's internal rhythms during cold stress and subsequent recovery. Collectively, these results shed light on the coordinated response of different plant organs during cold adaptation, highlighting the importance of inter-organ communication for successful stress tolerance.

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INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of D-cycloserine (DCS) in the adaptation process and maintenance of motion sickness (MS). METHODS: In experiment 1, 120 SD rats were used to study the promoting effect of DCS on the adaptation process of MS in rats. They were randomly divided into four groups, DCS-rotation (DCS-Rot), DCS-static, saline-rotation (Sal-Rot), and saline-static, and further divided into three subgroups according to the adaptation time (4 days, 7 days, and 10 days) in each group. After being given DCS (0.5 mg/kg) or 0.9% saline, they were rotated or kept static according to the group. Their fecal granules, total distance, and total activity of spontaneous activity were recorded and analyzed. In experiment 2, other 120 rats were used. The experimental grouping and specific experimental method were the same as experiment 1. According to the grouping of the adaptive maintenance duration, the animals of 14 days, 17 days, and 21 days groups were measured on the corresponding date of the changes in the animals' exploratory behavior. RESULTS: In experiment 1, the fecal granules, total distance, and total activity of spontaneous activity of Sal-Rot returned to the control level on 9 days, and the DCS-Rot group returned to the control level on 6 days, indicating that DCS could shorten the adaptation time of MS rats from 9 days to 6 days. In experiment 2, the Sal-Rot could not maintain the adaptive state after 14 days' absence from the seasickness environment. The fecal granules of DCS-Rot increased significantly, and total distance and total activity of spontaneous activity of DCS-Rot decreased significantly from 17 days. These illustrate that DCS can prolong the adaptive maintenance time from within 14 days to 17 days in MS rats. CONCLUSION: 0.5 mg/kg DCS injected intraperitoneally can shorten the MS adaptation process and extend the maintenance time of adaptation of SD rats.

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Short bowel syndrome (SBS) causes malabsorption due to extensive intestinal resection. While intestinal function declines with age, little is known about the relationship between intestinal failure and ageing. For the first time in Japan, we report a case of de-adaptation of SBS thought to be due to ageing, in a 93-year-old woman who presented with electrolyte imbalance and malnutrition. She had undergone five surgical resections of the small intestine over the past 20 years. She had developed SBS once due to multiple surgeries, but due to compensatory function, the symptoms had abated. However, due to decreased intestinal function caused by ageing, it worsened and symptoms reappeared. A literature search for the period January 1990 to May 2021 in Ichushi a major journal in Japan, found that de-adaptation of SBS occurred in 23 previous cases, of which we were able to confirm the details in 17 cases, with no case reports on "de-adaptation of SBS", demonstrating that the concept of "intestinal failure" has only recently begun to be used in routine practice. Therefore, we stress the importance of re-emphasizing the concept of "intestinal failure" in everyday practice, as well as other organ-related conditions such as cardiac or renal failure, as this may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of malnutrition and diarrhoea in elderly patients.

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Objective To explore the relationship between high altitude de-adaptation syndrome and training burnout of plateau-garrisoned soldiers after returning to the plain.Methods A total of 140 plateau-garrisoned soldiers who had returned to the plain were chosen by random cluster sampling and measured with the Training Burnout Test.They were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of acute mountain sickness.We compared the differences in training burnout between the two groups and analyzed the relationship between acute mountain sickness and training burnout. Results ①The incidence of high altitude de-adaptation syndrome of plateau-garrisoned soldiers was 80.00% after returning to the plain.There was statistically significant difference between plateau soldiers after returning to the plain,the plateau stability-keeping forces that returned to the plain (78.36%) (χ2 =0.188, P=0.664) and plateau migrants who returned to the plain (75.10%) (χ2 =1.279, P=0.258).Main symptoms of high altitude de-adaptation were fatigue (12.86%), dizziness (11.43%) and meakness (10.00%).②Compared with soldiers who had no high altitude de-adaptation syndrome, victims of de-adaptation syndrome had higher scores of training burnout, physical and psychological exhaustion and training-alienation (P<0.01).Compared with soldiers who had normal body mass indexes, those who were overweight had higher incidence of altitude de-adaptation (P<0.05).③The regression equation between plateau de-adaptation syndrome and training burnout of plateau soldiers after returning to the plain (P<0.01) is:Training burnout =0.498 ×plateau de-adaptation syndrome -0.126 ×age+0.038 ×length of military service +0.069 ×educational degree+0.029 ×body mass index.Conclusion There exist correlations between high altitude de-adaptation syndrome and training burnout of plateau soldiers after returning to the plain.Reducing the occurrence of high altitude de-adaptation syndrome can help reduce the degree of training burnout.

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Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout (SB) en estudiantes de odontología. Material y métodos. El estudio fue de tipo observacional,descriptivo y transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 140 alumnos de Periodoncia I matriculados en el IV ciclo de la facultad de odontología de la universidad de San Martín de Porres, durante el segundo semestre académico del 2011. El SB fue medido mediante el Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS) de Schaufeli W et al. (2002). Se realizó el análisis descriptivo de cada variable mediante tablas de distribución de frecuencias; para evaluar la relación entre el SB y los factores asociados se empleó la prueba Chi cuadrado. Resultados.Se encontró que el 45,0% presentó un nivel alto de agotamiento emocional, el 41,4% un nivel alto de cinismo y el 45,7% presentó un nivel bajo de eficacia académica. El 30,7% de la muestra presentó SB en grado severo, y el 23,6% en grado moderado. Se encontró que la prevalencia del SB era significativamente mayor en hombres (P:0,044) y menor en el grupo que vive solo (P:0,036). No se encontró relación entre el SB y el estado civil (P:0.506), trabajar además de estudiar (P:0,722), practicar alguna religión (P:0,912) o deporte (P:0,264), o presentar molestias fisiológicas durante la época de estudios (P:0,229). Respecto a las molestias fisiológicas reportadas por los alumnos durante su época de estudios, se encontró que 114 (81,4%) presentan sintomatología músculo-esquelética, 118 (84,3%) de tipo psicosomáticas, 64 (45,7%) gastrointestinal y 5(3,6%) cardiovascular. Conclusiones. El 30,7% de la muestra presentó SB en grado severo, y el 23,6% en grado moderado. Se encontró que la prevalencia del SB era significativamente mayor en hombres, y menor en el grupo que vive solo. No se encontró relación entre el SB y el estado civil, trabajar además de estudiar, practicar alguna religión o deporte, o presentar molestias fisiológicas durante la época de estudios.

Objective. To determine the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome (BS) in dental students. Material and methods. The study was observational, descriptive and transversal. The sample consisted of 140 students of Periodontology I enrolled in the fourth cycle of the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of San Martin de Porres, during the second semester of 2011. The BS was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey (MBI-SS) W Schaufeli et al. (2002). Descriptive analysis was performed for each variable using frequency distribution tables, to evaluate the relationship between BS and associated factors were usedChi-square test. Results. We found that 45, 0% had a high level of emotional exhaustion, 41,4% a high level of cynicism and 45,7% had a low level of academic efficiency. 30, 7% of the sample showed severe BS degree, and 23,6% in moderate degree. It was found that the prevalence of BS was significantly higher in men(P:0.044), and lower in the group who lives alone (P:0.036). No relationship was found between the BS and marital status (P:0.506), to work beside studying(P:0.722), to practice any religion (P:0.912) or sport (P:0.264), or present physiological discomfort during the study (P:0.229). Regarding physiological discomfort reported by the students during their time of study, found that 114 (81,4%) had musculoskeletal symptoms, 118 (84,3%) of psychosomatic type, 64 (45,7%) gastrointestinal and 5 (3,6%) cardiovascular. Conclusions. 30, 7% of the sample showed severe degree of BS, and 23,6% in moderate degree. It was found that theprevalence of BS was significantly higher in men, and lower in the group who lives alone. No relationship was found between the BS and marital status, to work besides studying, practice any religion or sports, or have physiological discomfort during the time of study.

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Este artigo descreve a adaptação da “The Resilience Scale” para portugueses adultos. Procedeu-se à retradução e validação psicométrica. Fez-se pré-teste e reteste. Obteve-se equivalência linguística/conceptual e validação psicométrica com alpha de Cronbach 0,868 para 23 itens, sugerindo consistência interna. A análise fatorial agrupou 23 variáveis em 4 fatores: I - Perseverança; II - Sentido de vida; III - Serenidade; IV - Autossuficiência e autoconfiança, com valores alpha de Cronbach satisfatórios para cada fator. Verificou-se sensibilidade dos itens através do coeficiente de assimetria e achatamento e comprovou-se a estabilidade temporal. A escala revela boas características psicométricas aferindo níveis de resiliência nesta população.

This paper describes the adaptation of “The Resilience Scale” for Portuguese adults. This instrument was submitted to back-translation (linguistic and conceptual equivalence), to psychometric validation (n = 365), to pretest and retest. It was obtained conceptual and linguistic equivalence/psychometric validation with alpha Cronbach 0.868 for the 23 items, suggesting internal consistency. Factorial analysis grouped the 23 variables in 4 factors: I - Perseverance; II-Sense of life; III-Serenity; IVSelf- reliance and self-confidence, with satisfactory alpha Cronbach values for each factor. The sensitivity of items was verified by the coefficient of asymmetry and flatness. It was proved temporal stability of the scale. The scale shows good psychometric characteristics checking levels of resilience in this population.

Cet article décrit l’adaptation du “The Resilience Scale” pour Portugais adultes. S’est procédée à la retraduction et à la validation psicométrique. Il s’est fait pré-teste et reteste. Il s’est obtenu équivalence linguistique/conceptuelle et validation psicométrique avec alpha de Cronbach 0.868 pour 23 items, en suggérant consistance interne. L’analyse factorielle a regroupé 23 variables dans 4 facteurs: I - Persévérance; II - Sens de vie; III - Sérénité; IV - Autosuffisance et autoconfiance, avec des valeurs alpha de Cronbach satisfaisante pour chaque facteur. Il s’est vérifié de la sensibilité des items à travers le coefficient d’asymétrie et de la platitude et s’est vérifié la stabilité séculière. L’échelle révèle de bonnes caractéristiques psicométriques en examinant les niveaux de résilience dans cette population.

Este artículo describe la adaptación de la “Escala de la Resiliencia” para el adulto portugués. La escala fue sometida a retradición (equivalencia lingüística y conceptual), a validación psicométrica (n= 365), a preprueba y reteste. no consiguió equivalencia lingüística/conceptual y validación psicométrica con alpha de Cronbach 0.868 para el 23 variables, sugiriendo consistencia interna. El análisis fatorial agrupó 23 variables en 4 fatores: I - Perseverencia; II - Sentido de vida; III - Serenidad; IV - Autosuficiencia y autoconfianza, con valores alpha de Cronbach satisfactorios. La sensibilidad (coeficiente del achatamiento y asimetría) fue verificada. La estabilidad secular de la escala es buena. La escala divulga buenas características psicométricas y examina niveles de resistencia en esta población.

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Este artigo descreve a adaptação da “The Resilience Scale” para portugueses adultos. Procedeu-se à retradução e validação psicométrica. Fez-se pré-teste e reteste. Obteve-se equivalência linguística/conceptual e validação psicométrica com alpha de Cronbach 0,868 para 23 itens, sugerindo consistência interna. A análise fatorial agrupou 23 variáveis em 4 fatores: I - Perseverança; II - Sentido de vida; III - Serenidade; IV - Autossuficiência e autoconfiança, com valores alpha de Cronbach satisfatórios para cada fator. Verificou-se sensibilidade dos itens através do coeficiente de assimetria e achatamento e comprovou-se a estabilidade temporal. A escala revela boas características psicométricas aferindo níveis de resiliência nesta população.(AU)

This paper describes the adaptation of “The Resilience Scale” for Portuguese adults. This instrument was submitted to back-translation (linguistic and conceptual equivalence), to psychometric validation (n = 365), to pretest and retest. It was obtained conceptual and linguistic equivalence/psychometric validation with alpha Cronbach 0.868 for the 23 items, suggesting internal consistency. Factorial analysis grouped the 23 variables in 4 factors: I - Perseverance; II-Sense of life; III-Serenity; IVSelf- reliance and self-confidence, with satisfactory alpha Cronbach values for each factor. The sensitivity of items was verified by the coefficient of asymmetry and flatness. It was proved temporal stability of the scale. The scale shows good psychometric characteristics checking levels of resilience in this population.(AU)

Cet article décrit l’adaptation du “The Resilience Scale” pour Portugais adultes. S’est procédée à la retraduction et à la validation psicométrique. Il s’est fait pré-teste et reteste. Il s’est obtenu équivalence linguistique/conceptuelle et validation psicométrique avec alpha de Cronbach 0.868 pour 23 items, en suggérant consistance interne. L’analyse factorielle a regroupé 23 variables dans 4 facteurs: I - Persévérance; II - Sens de vie; III - Sérénité; IV - Autosuffisance et autoconfiance, avec des valeurs alpha de Cronbach satisfaisante pour chaque facteur. Il s’est vérifié de la sensibilité des items à travers le coefficient d’asymétrie et de la platitude et s’est vérifié la stabilité séculière. L’échelle révèle de bonnes caractéristiques psicométriques en examinant les niveaux de résilience dans cette population.(AU)

Este artículo describe la adaptación de la “Escala de la Resiliencia” para el adulto portugués. La escala fue sometida a retradición (equivalencia lingüística y conceptual), a validación psicométrica (n= 365), a preprueba y reteste. no consiguió equivalencia lingüística/conceptual y validación psicométrica con alpha de Cronbach 0.868 para el 23 variables, sugiriendo consistencia interna. El análisis fatorial agrupó 23 variables en 4 fatores: I - Perseverencia; II - Sentido de vida; III - Serenidad; IV - Autosuficiencia y autoconfianza, con valores alpha de Cronbach satisfactorios. La sensibilidad (coeficiente del achatamiento y asimetría) fue verificada. La estabilidad secular de la escala es buena. La escala divulga buenas características psicométricas y examina niveles de resistencia en esta población.(AU)

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Objective To assess the effects of physical labor on cardiac function of laborers at high altitude and changes in cardiac function after returning to lower altitude. Methods According to symptomatic scores on Chinese acute high altitude reaction (AHAR), 96 male officers and soldiers, who rapidly entered high altitude areas (3700m altitude),and engaged in heavy physical work for 50 days, were be scored and graded. Levels of creatine kinase isoenzymes -MB (CK-MB) and lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme -1 (LDH-1) in the serum, Tei index, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were measured in the 96 servicemen at the 50th day of residing at high altitude, and the 2nd and 15th day after returning to lower altitude (1500m altitude), and the results were compared with that of 50 healthy controls residing at 1500m. Results Among the 96 male servicemen, 71 developed AHAR, and 24 of them had severe AHAR, 47 mild to moderate AHAR, and the rest 25 had no AHAR. Levels of serum CK-MB, LDH-1 and Tei index were higher in the severe AHAR group than in the mild to moderate AHAR group, higher in the mild to moderate AHAR group than in the no AHAR group and higher in the no AHAR group than in the healthy group. As far as the values of LVEF and LVFS were concerned, the severe AHAR group 0.05). Conclusion Heavy physical work at high altitude could obviously impair human cardiac function. The impairment may aggravate along with increase in severity of AHAR. However, cardiac function may be improved significantly after returning to low altitude for 2 days, and recover to normal status 15 days later.

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Objective To assess the effects of physical labor on cardiac function of laborers at high altitude and changes in cardiac function after returning to lower altitude. Methods According to symptomatic scores on Chinese acute high altitude reaction (AHAR), 96 male officers and soldiers, who rapidly entered high altitude areas (3700m altitude),and engaged in heavy physical work for 50 days, were be scored and graded. Levels of creatine kinase isoenzymes -MB (CK-MB) and lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme -1 (LDH-1) in the serum, Tei index, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were measured in the 96 servicemen at the 50th day of residing at high altitude, and the 2nd and 15th day after returning to lower altitude (1500m altitude), and the results were compared with that of 50 healthy controls residing at 1500m. Results Among the 96 male servicemen, 71 developed AHAR, and 24 of them had severe AHAR, 47 mild to moderate AHAR, and the rest 25 had no AHAR. Levels of serum CK-MB, LDH-1 and Tei index were higher in the severe AHAR group than in the mild to moderate AHAR group, higher in the mild to moderate AHAR group than in the no AHAR group and higher in the no AHAR group than in the healthy group. As far as the values of LVEF and LVFS were concerned, the severe AHAR group 0.05). Conclusion Heavy physical work at high altitude could obviously impair human cardiac function. The impairment may aggravate along with increase in severity of AHAR. However, cardiac function may be improved significantly after returning to low altitude for 2 days, and recover to normal status 15 days later.

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Objective To observe the changes in oxygen metabolism and sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway in soldiers returning to plains after being stationed and trained for 6 months in a plateau. Methods Eighty male officers and soldiers, aged 20-30 (22.3 ± 2.9) years, after being stationed and trained on plateau (altitude 3960m) for 6 months and returned to plain region (altitude 200m), were selected as subjects. Before their returning to plateau, 6 months after their station and training in plateau, and 2 days after their returning to plain, fasting venous blood samples were collected, the serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) were determined by ELISA, the transcription of SHH mRNA was assayed by RT-PCR, and the expressions of SMO and nucleoprotein GLI2 were detected by Western blotting. All the data mentioned above were collected for statistical analysis. Results As the subjects entered and garrisoned in plateau for 6 months, the activity of SOD decreased and the content of MDA increased significantly (P<0.05). Both the protein expression and mRNA transcription of SHH were significantly higher after staying in plateau than in plain. When they returned to plain, both parameters decreased significantly, but were still higher than that when they lived in plain (P<0.01). The expressions of SMO and nucleoprotein LI2 showed a same tendency of changes. Conclusion High altitude environment may have a great influence on oxygen metabolism of organism and SHH signal pathway, and the hypoxic environment of high altitude region is one of the conditions in activating the SHH signal pathway.