RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: It has been suggested that maternal exposure to constant light during the gestational period could be considered as a chronic stressor, impairing offspring development by interfering in neuroendocrine and behavior responses. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate whether maternal exposure to continuous light during pregnancy affects the adult reproductive system in the female offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pregnant Wistar rats were allocated into light-dark (LD) group, exposed to light and dark photoperiod during gestation, and the light-light (LL) group, exposed to a photoperiod of constant light during gestation. After birth, pups were maintained under normal light-dark photoperiod until adulthood. At postnatal day 90, blood was collected from the female offspring, to analyze plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone levels, and the uterus and ovaries were harvested for morphometric, histological, and oxidative stress evaluations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Female exposure to continuous light during the intrauterine period resulted in the adult reduction of LH and increased progesterone plasma levels, and uterine injuries a higher number of endometrial glands and reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase. In these experimental conditions, gestational continuous light exposure disturbs sex hormone balance and reduces the antioxidant enzymatic activity in the uterus of female offspring in adult life.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Progesterona , Ratas , Embarazo , Animales , Femenino , Ratas Wistar , Hormona Luteinizante , ÚteroRESUMEN
Melatonin has been described as a protective agent against cell death and oxidative stress in different tissues, including in the reproductive system. However, the information on the action of this hormone in rat uterine apoptosis is low. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of melatonin on mechanisms of cell death in uterus of rats exposed to continuous light stress. Twenty adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups: GContr (vehicle control) and GExp which were treated with melatonin (0.4 mg/mL), both were exposed to continuous light for 90 days. The uterus was removed and processed for quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), using PCR-array plates of the apoptosis pathway; for immunohistochemistry and TUNEL. The results of qRT-PCR of GEXP group showed up-regulation of 13 and 7, pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes, respectively, compared to GContr group. No difference in pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Fas and Faslg) expression was observed by immunohistochemistry, although the number of TUNEL-positive cells was lower in the group treated with melatonin compared to the group not treated with this hormone. Our data suggest that melatonin influences the mechanism and decreases the apoptosis in uterus of rats exposed to continuous light.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Melatonina/fisiología , Útero/citología , Animales , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/genética , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/metabolismo , Ritmo Circadiano , Femenino , Expresión Génica/efectos de la radiación , Luz , Fotoperiodo , Ratas Wistar , Útero/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de diferentes programas de luz sobre os parâmetros seminais de galos de linhagem semi-pesada, foram utilizados 24 galos da linhagem Lohman Brown com idade inicial de 19 semanas, sendo submetidos a três tratamentos: 1) programa de luz contínuo; 2) programa de luz intermitente e 3) programa de luz natural crescente. Os animais foram distribuídos num delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com oito repetições, sendo a unidade experimental constituída de um animal. O período experimental teve duração de 140 dias e as variáveis avaliadas foram: consumo de ração (g ave-1 dia-1); peso corporal (g); produção de sêmen (ml), motilidade ( por cento) e vigor espermáticos (0 a 5), concentração espermática (número de células x 10(9)), número de células espermáticas totais (NCT = volume x concentração) e morfologia espermática (alterações de cabeça, cauda e alterações totais). Os galos submetidos aos programas de luz contínuo e intermitente apresentaram maior produção de sêmen e maior NCT (P<0,05), não havendo influência (P>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre as demais variáveis. Conclui-se que os programas de luz contínuo e intermitente podem ser utilizados para galos semi-pesados durante o período reprodutivo, sem prejudicar o desempenho e os parâmetros seminais.
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different lighting programs on the performance and semen parameters of semi-heavy cock strain. Twenty four roosters, aging 19 weeks, of the Lohman Brown strain were used, and submitted to three treatments: 1) continuous lightning programs 2) intermittent lightning programs and 3) increasing natural lightning programs. The animals were distributed into a completely randomized design, with 8 replicates being the experimental unit constituted of 1 animal. The experimental period lasted 140 days and the evaluated variables were: feed intake (g/chicken/day), body weight (g), semen production (ml), motility ( percent) and vigor (0 to 5) of the sperm, spermatic concentration (cells number x 10(9)), total spermatic cells (NCT- volume x concentration) and spermatic morphology (head, tail and total alterations). The semi-heavy roosters submitted to continuous and intermittent lightning programs presented greater semen production and greater NCT (P<0,05). There was no significant influence (P>0.05) of the treatments on the other variables. It was concluded that the programs of continuous and intermittent light can be used for semi-heavy cocks during the breeding season, without sacrificing performance and sêmen parameters.
RESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different lighting programs on the performance and semen parameters of semi-heavy cock strain. Twenty four roosters, aging 19 weeks, of the Lohman Brown strain were used, and submitted to three treatments: 1) continuous lightning programs 2) intermittent lightning programs and 3) increasing natural lightning programs. The animals were distributed into a completely randomized design, with 8 replicates being the experimental unit constituted of 1 animal. The experimental period lasted 140 days and the evaluated variables were: feed intake (g/chicken/day), body weight (g), semen production (ml), motility (%) and vigor (0 to 5) of the sperm, spermatic concentration (cells number x 10(9)), total spermatic cells (NCT- volume x concentration) and spermatic morphology (head, tail and total alterations). The semi-heavy roosters submitted to continuous and intermittent lightning programs presented greater semen production and greater NCT (P 0,05). There was no significant influence (P>0.05) of the treatments on the other variables. It was concluded that the programs of continuous and intermittent light can be used for semi-heavy cocks during the breeding season, without sacrificing performance and sêmen parameters.
Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de diferentes programas de luz sobre os parâmetros seminais de galos de linhagem semi-pesada, foram utilizados 24 galos da linhagem Lohman Brown com idade inicial de 19 semanas, sendo submetidos a três tratamentos: 1) programa de luz contínuo; 2) programa de luz intermitente e 3) programa de luz natural crescente. Os animais foram distribuídos num delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com oito repetições, sendo a unidade experimental constituída de um animal. O período experimental teve duração de 140 dias e as variáveis avaliadas foram: consumo de ração (g ave-1 dia-1); peso corporal (g); produção de sêmen (ml), motilidade (%) e vigor espermáticos (0 a 5), concentração espermática (número de células x 10(9)), número de células espermáticas totais (NCT = volume x concentração) e morfologia espermática (alterações de cabeça, cauda e alterações totais). Os galos submetidos aos programas de luz contínuo e intermitente apresentaram maior produção de sêmen e maior NCT (P 0,05), não havendo influência (P>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre as demais variáveis. Conclui-se que os programas de luz contínuo e intermitente podem ser utilizados para galos semi-pesados durante o período reprodutivo, sem prejudicar o desempenho e os parâmetros seminais.
RESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different lighting programs on the performance and semen parameters of semi-heavy cock strain. Twenty four roosters, aging 19 weeks, of the Lohman Brown strain were used, and submitted to three treatments: 1) continuous lightning programs 2) intermittent lightning programs and 3) increasing natural lightning programs. The animals were distributed into a completely randomized design, with 8 replicates being the experimental unit constituted of 1 animal. The experimental period lasted 140 days and the evaluated variables were: feed intake (g/chicken/day), body weight (g), semen production (ml), motility (%) and vigor (0 to 5) of the sperm, spermatic concentration (cells number x 10(9)), total spermatic cells (NCT- volume x concentration) and spermatic morphology (head, tail and total alterations). The semi-heavy roosters submitted to continuous and intermittent lightning programs presented greater semen production and greater NCT (P 0,05). There was no significant influence (P>0.05) of the treatments on the other variables. It was concluded that the programs of continuous and intermittent light can be used for semi-heavy cocks during the breeding season, without sacrificing performance and sêmen parameters.
Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de diferentes programas de luz sobre os parâmetros seminais de galos de linhagem semi-pesada, foram utilizados 24 galos da linhagem Lohman Brown com idade inicial de 19 semanas, sendo submetidos a três tratamentos: 1) programa de luz contínuo; 2) programa de luz intermitente e 3) programa de luz natural crescente. Os animais foram distribuídos num delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com oito repetições, sendo a unidade experimental constituída de um animal. O período experimental teve duração de 140 dias e as variáveis avaliadas foram: consumo de ração (g ave-1 dia-1); peso corporal (g); produção de sêmen (ml), motilidade (%) e vigor espermáticos (0 a 5), concentração espermática (número de células x 10(9)), número de células espermáticas totais (NCT = volume x concentração) e morfologia espermática (alterações de cabeça, cauda e alterações totais). Os galos submetidos aos programas de luz contínuo e intermitente apresentaram maior produção de sêmen e maior NCT (P 0,05), não havendo influência (P>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre as demais variáveis. Conclui-se que os programas de luz contínuo e intermitente podem ser utilizados para galos semi-pesados durante o período reprodutivo, sem prejudicar o desempenho e os parâmetros seminais.
RESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different lighting programs on the performance and semen parameters of semi-heavy cock strain. Twenty four roosters, aging 19 weeks, of the Lohman Brown strain were used, and submitted to three treatments: 1) continuous lightning programs 2) intermittent lightning programs and 3) increasing natural lightning programs. The animals were distributed into a completely randomized design, with 8 replicates being the experimental unit constituted of 1 animal. The experimental period lasted 140 days and the evaluated variables were: feed intake (g/chicken/day), body weight (g), semen production (ml), motility (%) and vigor (0 to 5) of the sperm, spermatic concentration (cells number x 10(9)), total spermatic cells (NCT- volume x concentration) and spermatic morphology (head, tail and total alterations). The semi-heavy roosters submitted to continuous and intermittent lightning programs presented greater semen production and greater NCT (P 0,05). There was no significant influence (P>0.05) of the treatments on the other variables. It was concluded that the programs of continuous and intermittent light can be used for semi-heavy cocks during the breeding season, without sacrificing performance and sêmen parameters.
Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de diferentes programas de luz sobre os parâmetros seminais de galos de linhagem semi-pesada, foram utilizados 24 galos da linhagem Lohman Brown com idade inicial de 19 semanas, sendo submetidos a três tratamentos: 1) programa de luz contínuo; 2) programa de luz intermitente e 3) programa de luz natural crescente. Os animais foram distribuídos num delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com oito repetições, sendo a unidade experimental constituída de um animal. O período experimental teve duração de 140 dias e as variáveis avaliadas foram: consumo de ração (g ave-1 dia-1); peso corporal (g); produção de sêmen (ml), motilidade (%) e vigor espermáticos (0 a 5), concentração espermática (número de células x 10(9)), número de células espermáticas totais (NCT = volume x concentração) e morfologia espermática (alterações de cabeça, cauda e alterações totais). Os galos submetidos aos programas de luz contínuo e intermitente apresentaram maior produção de sêmen e maior NCT (P 0,05), não havendo influência (P>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre as demais variáveis. Conclui-se que os programas de luz contínuo e intermitente podem ser utilizados para galos semi-pesados durante o período reprodutivo, sem prejudicar o desempenho e os parâmetros seminais.