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The prevalence of drought events worldwide emphasizes the importance of screening and cultivating drought-adapted crops. In this study, 206 germplasm resources were used as materials, dry weight as target trait, and two genotyping methods as criteria to evaluate drought adaptability at the seedling establishment stage. The results showed a significant decrease in average dry weight of the tested germplasm resources (from 746.90 mg to 285.40 mg) and rich variation in the responses of dry weight among each genotype to drought (CV=61.14%). In traditional evaluation method, drought resistance coefficient (DC), geometric mean productivity index (GMP), mean productivity index (MP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI), and tolerance index (TOL) also exhibited diversity in tested genotypes (CV>30%). However, these indices showed varying degrees of explanation for dry weight under stress and non-stress environments and failed to differentiate drought adaptability among genotypes clearly. In new evaluation method, four stress indices were developed to quantify barley seedling production and stability capacities. Compared to traditional stress indices, the stress production index (SI) explained dry weight more comprehensively under stress conditions (R2 = 0.98), while the ideal production index (II) explained dry weight better under non-stress conditions (R2 = 0.89). Furthermore, the potential index (PI) and elasticity index (EI) eliminated disparities in traditional stress indices and comprehensively clarified the contribution of elasticity and potential to production capacity under drought stress. Ultimately, through grading evaluation and cluster analysis, the tested germplasm resources were effectively categorized, and 11 genotypes were identified as suitable for cultivation in arid areas. Overall, the comprehensive evaluation method based on the newly developed stress indices surpasses the traditional method in screening drought adaptability of crops and serves as a vital tool for identifying high-stability and high-production capacities genotypes in various environments, which is expected to provide practical guidance for barley planting and breeding in arid areas.

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Soil salinization significantly impacts the ecological environment and agricultural production, posing a threat to plant growth. Currently, there are over 400 varieties of Bougainvillea with horticultural value internationally. However, research on the differences in salt tolerance among Bougainvillea varieties is still insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the physiological responses and tolerance differences of various Bougainvillea varieties under different concentrations of salt stress, reveal the effects of salt stress on their growth and physiology, and study the adaptation mechanisms of these varieties related to salt stress. The experimental materials consisted of five varieties of Bougainvillea. Based on the actual salinity concentrations in natural saline-alkali soils, we used a pot-controlled salt method for the experiment, with four treatment concentrations set: 0.0% (w/v) (CK), 0.2% (w/v), 0.4% (w/v), and 0.6% (w/v). After the Bougainvillea plants grew stably, salt stress was applied and the growth, physiology, and salt tolerance of the one-year-old plants were systematically measured and assessed. The key findings were as follows: Salt stress inhibited the growth and biomass of the five varieties of Bougainvillea; the 'Dayezi' variety showed severe salt damage, while the 'Shuihong' variety exhibited minimal response. As the salt concentration and duration of salt stress increase, the trends of the changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic regulation systems in the leaves of the five Bougainvillea species differ. Membrane permeability and the production of membrane oxidative products showed an upward trend with stress severity. The salt tolerance of the five varieties of Bougainvillea was comprehensively evaluated through principal component analysis. It was found that the 'Shuihong' variety exhibited the highest salt tolerance, followed by the 'Lvyehuanghua', 'Xiaoyezi', 'Tazi', and 'Dayezi' varieties. Therefore, Bougainvillea 'Shuihong', 'Lvyehuanghua', and 'Xiaoyezi' are recommended for extensive cultivation in saline-alkali areas. The investigation focuses primarily on how Bougainvillea varieties respond to salt stress from the perspectives of growth and physiological levels. Future research could explore the molecular mechanisms behind the responses to and tolerance of different Bougainvillea varieties as to salt stress, providing a more comprehensive understanding and basis for practical applications.

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Accurately predicting freeway accident severity is crucial for accident prevention, road safety, and emergency rescue services in intelligent freeway systems. However, current research lacks the required precision, hindering the effective implementation of freeway rescue. In this paper, we efficiently address this challenge by categorizing influencing factors into two levels: human and non-human, further subdivided into 6 and 36 categories, respectively. Furthermore, based on the above factors, an efficient and accurate Freeway Accident Severity Prediction (FASP) method is developed by using the two-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The factor and evaluation sets are determined by calculating the fuzzy evaluation matrix of a single factor. The weight matrix is calculated through the entropy method to compute the final evaluation matrix. Based on the maximum membership principle, the severity of the freeway accident is predicted. Finally, based on the experiments conducted with the traffic accident datasets in China and the US, it is shown that FASP is able to accurately predict the severity of freeway traffic accidents with thorough considerations and low computational cost. It is noted that FASP is the first attempt to achieve freeway accident severity prediction using the two-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to the best of our knowledge.

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Artificial grasslands of F. kryloviana in the region surrounding Qinghai Lake have been observed to a decline in productivity following three years of establishment. Traditional fertilization practices, aimed at maintaining ecological balance, have predominantly focused on the application of phosphorus. However, it remains unclear whether phosphorus fertilizers offer a superior advantage over nitrogen fertilizers in sustaining productivity. Consequently, from 2017 to 2019, we conducted an experimental to assess the impact of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on forage yield and quality. We designed with four levels of phosphorus and two levels of nitrogen, resulting in eight distinct fertilizer combinations. Our experimental findings indicate that the degradation of artificial grasslands leads to a shift in the allocation pattern of aboveground biomass. There was a respective decrease of 68.2 % and 62.5 % in the biomass proportions of stems and ears, contrasted by a greater than 200 % increase in the biomass proportion of leaves. The application of nitrogen not only elevated the total aboveground biomass but also promoted a preferential allocation of biomass to stems and leaves, consequently enhancing the forage's crude protein content. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased aboveground biomass, and crude protein content by 63.21 %, and 6 %, respectively. Phosphorus fertilization's impact varied annually but favored the distribution of biomass to stems and ears. The net photosynthetic rate improved by over 53.12 % with fertilizer application, although the differences among treatments were not statistically significant. The balanced application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers significantly bolstered the aboveground biomass, ear biomass, stem biomass, leaf biomass, and crude protein content in varying years by 17.25 %-209.83 %, 34.7 %-438.9 %, 25.5 %-250.2 %, 18.4 %-133.3 %, and 10.21 %-25.62 %, respectively. Our analysis revealed that nitrogen-only fertilization exhibited the most optimal fertilizer use efficiency and economic returns. In conclusion, nitrogen fertilization is crucial for sustaining the productivity and quality of F. kryloviana artificial grasslands. The local practice of 75 kg ha-1 phosphorus fertilizer is detrimental to the maintenance of productivity in F. kryloviana artificial grasslands. This study offers valuable insights into the optimization of fertilization strategies for sustainable forage production within alpine regions.

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The environmental changes from climatic, terrestrial and anthropogenic drivers can significantly influence the groundwater quality that may pose a threat to human health. However, the driving mechanism of groundwater quality and potential health risk still remains to be studied. In this paper, 165 groundwater samples were analyzed to evaluate the groundwater quality, driving mechanism, and probabilistic health risk in the central Yinchuan Plain by applying fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCEM), redundance analysis (RDA) and Monte Carlo simulation. The results showed that hydrochemical evolution of groundwater were strongly influenced by water-rock interaction, evaporation and human activities. While 55.2% of groundwater samples reached the drinking water quality standard (Class I, II and III), 44.8% of samples exceeded the standard limits of Class III water quality (Class IV and V), indicating a high pollution level of groundwater. Mn, TDS, NH4+, NO3-, Fe, F-, NO2-, As were among major indicators that influence the groundwater quality due to the natural and anthropogenic processes. The RDA analysis revealed that climatic factors (PE: 10.9%, PRE: 1.1%), GE chemical properties (ORP: 20.7%, DO: 2.4%), hydrogeological factors (BD: 16.5%, K: 4.1%), and terrestrial factors (elevation: 1.2%; distanced: 5.6%, distancerl: 1.5%, NDVI: 1.2%) were identified as major driving factors influencing the groundwater quality in the study area. The HHRA suggested that TCR values of arsenic in infants, children and teens greatly exceeded the acceptable risk threshold of 1E-4, indicating a high cancer risk with a basic trend: infants > children > teens, while TCR values of adults were within the acceptable risk level. THI values of four age groups in the RME scenario were nearly ten times higher than those in the CTE scenario, displaying a great health effect on all age groups (HQ > 1). The present study provides novel insights into the driving mechanism of groundwater quality and potential health hazard in arid and semi-arid regions.

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In the pursuit of advancing health and rehabilitation, the quintessence of human motion recognition technology has been underscored through its quantitative contributions to physical performance assessment. This research delineates the inception of a novel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation-based recognition method that stands at the forefront of such innovative endeavours. By synergistically fusing multi-sensor data and advanced classification algorithms, the proposed system offers a granular quantitative analysis with implications for health and fitness monitoring, particularly rehabilitation processes. Our methodological approach, grounded in the modal separation technique and Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), effectively distills the motion acceleration component from raw accelerometer data, facilitating the extraction of intricate motion patterns. Quantitative analysis revealed that our integrated framework significantly amplifies the accuracy of motion recognition, achieving an overall recognition rate of 90.03 %, markedly surpassing conventional methods, such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), Decision Trees (DT), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), which hovered around 80 %. Moreover, the system demonstrated an unprecedented accuracy of 97 % in discerning minor left-right swaying motions, showcasing its robustness in evaluating subtle movement nuances-a paramount feature for rehabilitation and patient monitoring. This marked precision in motion recognition heralds a new paradigm in health assessment, enabling objective and scalable analysis pertinent to individualized therapeutic interventions. The experimental evaluation accentuates the system's adeptness at navigating the dichotomy between complex, intense motions and finer, subtler movements with a high fidelity rate. It substantiates the method's utility in delivering sophisticated, data-driven insights for rehabilitation trajectory monitoring.

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As one of the most important food crops, the potato is widely planted in the oasis agricultural region of Northwest China. To ascertain the impact of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on various facets including dry matter accumulation, tuber yield, quality and water use efficiency (WUE) of potato plants, a two-growth season field experiment under mulched drip irrigation was conducted in the desert oasis region of Northwest China. Water deficits, applied at the seedling, tuber formation, tuber expansion and starch accumulation stages, encompassed two distinctive levels: mild (55-65% of field capacity, FC) and moderate (45-55% FC) deficit, with full irrigation (65-75% FC) throughout the growing season as the control (CK). The results showed that water deficit significantly reduced (p < 0.05) above-ground dry matter, water consumption and tuber yield compared to CK, and the reduction increased with the increasing water deficit. A mild water deficit at the tuber formation stage, without significantly reducing (p > 0.05) yield, could significantly increase WUE and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), with two-year average increases of 25.55% and 32.33%, respectively, compared to CK. Water deficit at the tuber formation stage increased starch content, whereas water deficit at tuber expansion stage significantly reduced starch, protein and reducing sugar content. Additionally, a comprehensive evaluation showed that a mild water deficit at the tuber formation stage is the optimal RDI strategy for potato production, providing a good balance between yield, quality and WUE. The results of this study can provide theoretical support for efficient and sustainable potato production in the desert oasis regions of Northwest China.

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Combatting land damage has become a global priority, and China has adopted a series of ecological engineering measures, especially in the agro-pastoral area with fragile ecological environment. The effectiveness of ecological engineering construction (EEC), from a comprehensive recognition encompassing its quality, quantity, and function, has remained largely unknown. To this end, Zhangbei County, a typical agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China, was chosen as our focal area. After summarizing the timelines, aims and results of the EEC during various periods in Zhangbei, the linear spectral mixture analysis was employed to process Landsat 5 TM images in 2000 and 2010, as well as Landsat 8 OLI images in 2020. Then, a comprehensive evaluation framework of EEC was established from the perspective of "quantity-quality-function", and the ecological effectiveness of EEC was evaluated from 2000 to 2020 in Zhangbei. Results revealed that EEC played a critical role in enhancing quantity, quality and function, in spite of that, there were still numerous regions showing varying degrees of degradation in terms of these aspects. Then, by extending the three-dimensional cube as the theoretical basis for the zoning management of EEC, we merged four zones according to the space matching relationship among quantity, quality and function of EEC, namely, Ecological conservation area, Ecological improvement area, Ecological restoration area and Ecological remodeling zone. More targeted ecological measures were required for specific matching relationship among quantity, quality and function of EEC. This study is expected to present an empirical case for assessing the ecological effectiveness of EEC in areas or countries with similar restoration demand and support regional management.

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An ecological revetment is a new type that combines natural vegetation with civil engineering technology to establish functions, such as flood control, drainage, ecology, and landscape. Various types of ecological and other bank protection lead to different bank protection effects. Urban river ecological bank protection can effectively prevent bank collapse and promote mutual infiltration between river water and soil and is important for maintaining the balance of the river ecosystem and enhancing the ecological service function of river bank protection. To scientifically and accurately evaluate the ecological protection of riverbanks, this study screened 16 evaluation indicators based on four aspects: structural stability, ecological functionality, landscape suitability, and socio-economic status. A comprehensive evaluation index system for urban river ecological protection was constructed and an urban river ecological protection evaluation model based on the AHP - TOPSIS method was established. The model was used to evaluate the ecological protection of the rivers in the study area. The results revealed that the evaluation value, 0.830, of the self-embedded retaining wall exhibited the best performance among the current slope protection types. In addition, structural stability is a crucial factor in river ecological revetments, and the evaluation results were consistent with the revetment type selected in actual engineering. Therefore, the evaluation system constructed in this study is reasonable and reliable and has strong generalizability. This study provides theoretical guidance for selecting ecological protection banks for future river management projects and has specific references important for academic research and the development of environmental protection banks.

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The sustainable advancement of agriculture stands as the fundamental cornerstone of sustainable human progress. This study introduces a data-centric methodological framework founded upon the holistic delineation of measurement, feature assessment, and pathway enhancement for agricultural sustainability. Initially, the research articulates a comprehensive evaluative schema incorporating sub-dimensions encompassing agricultural production, agricultural economics, the agricultural resource environment, and rural society, grounded in sustainable development theory. Subsequently, it devises a methodological apparatus for assessing and enhancing sustainable development capabilities, employing entropy evaluation methods and exploratory spatial data analysis techniques. Employing North Anhui as a case study, the viability of this approach is substantiated. The empirical inquiry conducted within this article operationalizes comprehensive evaluation and explores pathways for optimizing agricultural sustainability, focusing on the period spanning 2011 to 2020 in Northern Anhui. The findings affirm the feasibility and efficacy of the data-driven approach. Recommendations derived from the empirical exploration of agricultural sustainability pathways at the local level offer valuable insights for governmental authorities and policymakers. This research endeavor could be extrapolated to other geographical locales worldwide, fostering innovative strides in the sustainable development of regional agriculture.

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RATIONALE: In the era of burgeoning digital technology, healthcare is a challenging transformative change towards virtual and digital platforms. Internet-based healthcare services are emerging as a popular trend within the medical area. User experience (UX) is paramount for the healthcare service, as it significantly influences experience satisfaction and fosters user viscosity. Gaining a profound understanding of users' demands and crafting services that align with their expectations is essential. METHODS: Consequently, exploring an effective design approach for the digital healthcare service that prioritizes UX along with utilizing a comprehensive evaluation methodology to handle UX data, is of profound importance. This study introduces a design methodology for Internet-based healthcare products grounded in the UX and mental (UX-M) model. Aiming to refine the Internet-based healthcare product design by integrating insights from the experience data, it employs the Delphi-ANP and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to determine evaluation indexes and conduct experiential assessments. RESULTS: The UX evaluation results of existing schemes are compared with the proposed design scheme of the intelligent guidance and internet hospital. The findings indicate that the UX evaluation of Internet-based medical services with the proposed method outperforms the existing schemes. CONCLUSIONS: On the one hand, UX research of Internet-based healthcare products can significantly enhance service satisfaction for patients utilizing online medical treatments. On the other hand, the analysis of experience-based evaluation empowers designers to refine and improve UX design of Internet-based medical services. Such research endeavors are critical for enhancing the overall quality of service offerings and elevating user satisfaction in the digital healthcare landscape.

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This research aimed to explore the diverse phenotypic characteristics of moso bamboo in China and pinpoint essential characteristics of moso bamboo. In this study, 63 grids were selected using the grid method to investigate 28 phenotypic traits of moso bamboo across the entire distribution area of China. The results suggest that the phenotypic traits of moso bamboo exhibit rich diversity, with coefficients of variation ranging from 5.87% to 36.57%. The phenotypic traits of moso bamboo showed varying degrees of correlation. A principal component analysis was used to identify seven main phenotypic trait indicators: diameter at breast height (DBH), leaf area (LA), leaf weight (LW), branch-to-leaf ratio (BLr), leaf moisture content (Lmc), wall-to-cavity ratio (WCr), and node length at breast height (LN), which accounted for 81.64% of the total information. A random forest model was used, which gave good results to validate the results. The average combined phenotypic trait value (D-value) of most germplasm was 0.563. The highest D-value was found in Wuyi 1 moso in Fujian (0.803), while the lowest D-value was observed in Pingle 2 moso in Guangxi (0.317). The clustering analysis of phenotypic traits classified China's moso bamboo germplasm into four groups. Group I had the highest D-value and is an important candidate germplasm for excellent germplasm screening.

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Soil-based irrigation and the partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with manure are promising practices to improve water and nitrogen (N) use efficiency. We hypothesize that their combination would simultaneously benefit potato production, tuber quality and profitability. A two-year experiment was conducted in semiarid northern China to investigate the combined effects of three water treatments [rainfed (W0), soil-based irrigation (W1), conventional irrigation (W2)] and three N treatments [no N (N0), chemical N (N1), 25% manure substitution (N2)] on these indicators, and to perform a comprehensive evaluation and correlation analysis. The results showed that water and N treatments separately affected all indicators except vitamin C content. Compared to W2, W1 significantly increased water productivity by 12% and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) by 30% due to 10% lower evapotranspiration and 21% lower water use. However, W1 and W2 negatively affected crude protein content. Conversely, this was compensated by the combination with N1 and N2. There were slight differences between N1 and N2 for all indicators on average across water treatments, while under W1, N2 significantly increased leaf area index (LAI) and N recovery efficiency (REN) by 18% and 29.4%, respectively, over N1. Also, comprehensive evaluations showed that W1N2 performed best, with the highest tuber yield, profit and acceptable quality. This can be explained by the increase in LAI, IWUE and REN due to the positive correlations with tuber yield and net return. Consequently, soil-based irrigation combined with 25% manure substitution had complementary effects on tuber quality and synergistic effects on potato productivity and profitability.

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Cassava is a staple crop in developing countries because its starchy roots provide essential dietary carbohydrates. The aim of this research was to conduct a comprehensive inquiry and scientific evaluation of the nutritional value of cassava tubers. Eight nutritional characteristics were examined in native and imported cassava variants: starch, reduced sugar, anthocyanins, protein, dietary fiber, quinic acid, vitamin C, and dry matter content. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to minimize the dimensionality of the nutritional markers. A scientific assessment technique was developed to calculate a composite score for the various cassava samples. Analysis of the data revealed noticeable variance among the samples' nutritional indicators, suggesting varying degrees of association. Starch had a substantial positive link with lower sugar, protein, and dry matter content (p < 0.01). Anthocyanins and quinic acid interacted favorably (p < 0.05), and a positive link between protein and dry matter content was observed (p < 0.05); however, protein and dietary fiber interacted negatively (p < 0.05). The contribution rate of the top three PCA factors was over 76%, demonstrating that these factors incorporated the primary information acquired from the eight original nutritional indices, while maintaining excellent representativeness and impartiality. The experimental results showed a preliminary nutritional grade for 22 cassava tuber samples. The top five types were Guangxi Muci, Gui Cassava 4, Glutinous Rice Cassava, Huifeng 60, and Dongguan Hongwei. In the cluster analysis, the levels of similarity between the data showed that the 22 types of cassava tubers could be grouped into five categories, each with their own set of nutrients. This study promotes the directed breeding of cassava species and offers a theoretical foundation for creating and using various cassava varieties. Furthermore, this work lays the groundwork for a systematic and dependable technique for the quality assessment, comprehensive evaluation, and reasonable classification of cassava species and similar crops.

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This study aims to improve press equipment for safflower oil production by using a mechanism that optimizes pressure distribution within screw turns. A detailed analysis of the main components of the produced safflower oil was performed, encompassing both quantitative and qualitative assessments. Through the exploration of dependencies governing the safflower oil pressing process on the screw press, the optimal parameters were determined. As a result of the research, the optimal diaphragm gap between the gape cylinder and the pressing screw was determined, with the optimal oil yield percentage achieved at ω = 6.2 rad/s and δ = 5 mm. The study also compared the performance of the existing Dream Modern ODM-01 screw press and its upgraded version by analyzing the extracted oil. The results reveal changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the main oil components following the operation of the existing and the modernized screw presses. For instance, the amount of unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid (7.7 ± 0.566%), linoleic acid (85.3 ± 1.185%), and linolenic acid (1.2 ± 0.223%), increased. There was an increase in the presence of inorganic substances in safflower oil: iron (0.023 ± 0.031 mg/kg), phosphorus (0.086 ± 0.059 mg/kg), silicium (0.136 ± 0.075 mg/kg), and others. The findings of this study hold significant commercial value and offer promising prospects for global market implementation.

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The sports service supply chain faces various potential risks, such as market fluctuations, logistics issues, and partner uncertainties. To address these risks effectively, this study employs a combination of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) methods and intelligent neural networks to create an innovative risk management framework. By considering diverse uncertainties and leveraging the analytical power of intelligent neural networks, this study aims to optimize the operation of the sports service supply chain and explore the risk factors within the public service supply chain of stadiums. This framework provides policy references to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the sports service industry. The main empirical findings, based on a representative survey of experts in China, are as follows: (1) When determining the weights of risk indicators for managing the public service supply chain of stadiums using the FCE method, the customer risk indicator is of paramount importance, with a weight of 0.286, accounting for 95.2 % of the total significance; and (2) In evaluating various risk indicators of the public service supply chain of stadiums through the neural network method, the customer risk indicator scores the highest, achieving a score of 76.02. Notably, the customer complaint risk indicator scores slightly higher at 79.33. Based on these findings, the study recommends focusing on enhancing customer experience within risk management strategies. Additionally, it suggests strengthening the supervision of platforms and third-party activities to ensure the stability and efficient operation of the stadium service supply chain. This study aims to provide theoretical support and reference indicators for evaluating the public service capabilities of stadiums.

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Schisandra chinensis is a functional fruit with tonic effect and was widely used by traditional Chinese medicine for treatment and health care. The quality of Schisandra chinensis fruit may vary by different storage condition. In this study, the influence of ambient temperature, humidity, packaging materials and period of storage on the quality of Schisandra chinensis fruits were investigated. The contents of main active components lignans and organic acids were simultaneously determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC Orbitrap HRMS). The antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH radical scavenging capacity, ABTS+ inhibition rate and FRAP value. The correlation of multicomponent and antioxidant activity was analyzed by grey relevance analysis. Taking the changes of multicomponent and antioxidant activity as investigation index, Schisandra chinensis fruits under different storage conditions was comprehensively evaluated. Schisandrol A, malic acid, sorbic acid, schizandrin A, schizandrin B, and schisandrol B were the main effective components of antioxidant activity. Ambient temperature at 5 °C and humidity at 40 % were more suitable for Schisandra chinensis fruits and kraft paper bag was better packaging material. Do not exceed 1 year was the effective storage period. For the safety evaluation, no aflatoxin was detected within the storage period of 2 years, demonstrated the storage was satisfactory. This study provided a reference for the high-quality storage and standardized operating procedures for storage of Schisandra chinensis fruits.

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In the cutting process, there are many parameters that affect the cutting effect, and the same parameter has different degrees of influence on different performance indicators, which makes it difficult to select key parameters for parameter optimization and parameter combination evaluation while considering multiple performance indicators at the same time. The process of titanium alloy milling with an integrated end mill is studied herein. The values of cutting tool flank face wear and material removal rates are obtained with experimental and analytical methods. Numerical characteristics and causes of the cutting tool flank face wear at different stages are also analyzed. The dynamic, comprehensive evaluation method based on the double incentives model is used to evaluate the dynamic, comprehensive importance of cutting parameters in view of the problem of considering multiple performance indicators and the characteristics of the dynamic change in performance indicators in the cutting process. According to the result of a dynamic, comprehensive evaluation, the cutting parameters with the highest comprehensive importance are selected. Finally, the radar map is used to plot the comprehensive importance of the cutting parameters. The overall comprehensive importance of each cutting parameter is intuitively displayed as well. As a result of the research, the dynamic, comprehensive evaluation method based on the double incentives model has a good application value in the evaluation of tool performance in the cutting process and can quickly select the best tool performance parameter combination; it is established that the most comprehensive parameter is the cutting speed, and the cutting width is the second most important. In turn, the comprehensive importance of the cutting depth is the lowest.

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Flavonoids are crucial secondary metabolites that possess the ability to mitigate UV damage and withstand both biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, it is of immense significance to investigate the flavonoid content as a pivotal indicator for a comprehensive assessment of chestnut's drought tolerance. This study aimed to determine the flavonoid content and drought tolerance-related physiological and biochemical indices of six chestnut varieties (clones) grafted trees-Qianxi 42 (QX42), Qinglong 45 (QL45), Yanshanzaofeng (YSZF), Yanzi (YZ), Yanqiu (YQ), and Yanlong (YL)-under natural drought stress. The results were used to comprehensively analyze the drought tolerance ability of these varieties. The study revealed that the ranking of drought tolerance indices in terms of their ability to reflect drought tolerance was as follows: superoxide (oxide) dismutase (SOD) activity, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, flavone content, catalase (CAT) activity, proline (PRO) content, soluble sugar content, peroxidase (POD) activity, betaine content, flavonol content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, soluble protein content, superoxide ion (OFR) content, superoxide (ion OFR) production rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, chlorophyll content. Through principal component analysis, the contents of flavonoids and flavonols can be used as indicators for comprehensive evaluation of drought tolerance of chestnut. The comprehensive evaluation order of drought tolerance of grafted trees of 6 chestnut varieties (Clones) was: QL45 > QX42 > YQ > YZ > YSZF > YL.

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In the period 2022-2023, an analysis of fourteen phenotypic traits was conducted across 192 maize accessions in the Aral region of Xinjiang. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was employed to quantify the phenotypic diversity among the accessions. Subsequently, a comprehensive evaluation of the index was performed utilizing correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The results highlighted significant findings: (1) A pronounced diversity was evident across the 192 maize accessions, accompanied by complex interrelationships among the traits. (2) The 14 phenotypic traits were transformed into 3 independent indicators through principal component analysis: spike factor, leaf width factor, and number of spikes per plant. (3) The 192 materials were divided into three groups using cluster analysis. The phenotypes in Group III exhibited the best performance, followed by those in Group I, and finally Group II. The selection of the three groups can vary depending on the breeding objectives. This study analysed the diversity of phenotypic traits in maize germplasm resources. Maize germplasm was categorised based on similar phenotypes. These findings provide theoretical insights for the study of maize accessions under analogous climatic conditions in Alar City, which lay the groundwork for the efficient utilization of existing germplasm as well as the development and selection of new varieties.