RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Given its potential advantages, open Transversus Abdominis Release (oTAR) has been proposed as a durable solution for complex AWR. However, its applicability in different scenarios remains uncertain. We aimed to analyze the current available evidence and determine surgical outcomes after oTAR. METHODS: We performed a systematic electronic search on oTAR in PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Postoperative morbidity and recurrence rates were included as primary endpoints and Quality of life (QoL) was included as secondary endpoint. A random-effect model was used to generate a pooled proportion with 95% confidence interval (CI) between all studies. RESULTS: A total of 22 studies with 4,910 patients undergoing oTAR were included for analysis. Mean hernia defect and mesh area were 394 (140-622) cm2 and 1065 (557-2206) cm2, respectively. Mean follow-up was 19.7 (1-32) months. The weighted pooled proportion of recurrence, overall morbidity, surgical site occurrences (SSO), surgical site infection (SSI), surgical site occurrences requiring procedural intervention (SSOPI), major morbidity and mortality were: 6% (95% CI, 3-10%), 34% (95% CI, 26-43%), 22% (95% CI, 16-29%), 11% (95% CI, 8-16%), 4% (95% CI, 3-7%), 6% (95% CI, 4-10%) and 1% (95% CI, 1-2%), respectively. A significant improvement in QoL after oTAR was reported among studies. CONCLUSION: Open TAR is an effective technique for complex ventral hernias as it is associated with low recurrence rate and a significant improvement in QoL. However, the relatively high morbidity rates observed emphasize the necessity of further patients' selection and optimization to improve outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Músculos Abdominales , Herniorrafia , Hernia Incisional , Humanos , Hernia Incisional/cirugía , Herniorrafia/métodos , Herniorrafia/efectos adversos , Calidad de Vida , Recurrencia , Mallas Quirúrgicas , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Resultado del Tratamiento , Técnicas de Abdomen AbiertoRESUMEN
KEY MESSAGE: Knowledge of the changes that occur in the abdominal wall after component separation (CS) is essential for understanding the mechanisms of action of the various CS techniques, the changes observed on computed tomography images, and, perhaps most importantly, the anatomic and physiologic changes observed in patients who have undergone CS. Purpose Component separation (CS) techniques are essential adjuncts during most abdominal wall reconstructions. They allow the fulfillment of most modern abdominal wall reconstruction principles, especially primary closure of defects and linea alba restoration under physiologic tension. Knowledge of the post-CS abdominal wall changes is essential to understanding the mechanism of action of the various types of CS, the changes observed on computed tomographic images, and, perhaps most importantly, the anatomic and physiologic changes following CS techniques. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the PubMed database and other sources to identify articles describing abdominal wall changes after CS Results After excluding non-pertinent articles, 14 articles constituted the basis for this review. Conclusions After reviewing the literature on post CS abdominal wall changes, we conclude the following: (1)The external oblique muscle is significantly displaced laterally after anterior CS, the transversus abdominis muscle shifts very little after posterior CS, and muscle trophism is generally maintained after both techniques. These findings are consistent for both open and minimally invasive CS. (2) The anatomy and physiology of abdominal wall muscles are preserved mainly by the muscles' overlapping function and their ability to undergo compensatory trophism after midline restoration (reloading). (3) Well-performed CS techniques have a low risk of producing bulging and semilunar line hernias. (4) Anterior and posterior CS techniques probably have different mechanisms of action. (5) Current studies on how the nutritional status and postoperative conditioning can alter abdominal wall changes after CS and the mechanisms of the actions involved in anterior and posterior CS are underway.
Asunto(s)
Pared Abdominal , Abdominoplastia , Hernia Ventral , Músculos Abdominales/cirugía , Pared Abdominal/cirugía , Hernia Ventral/cirugía , Herniorrafia/métodos , Humanos , Mallas QuirúrgicasRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Although changes in lateral abdominal wall musculature after posterior component separation with transversus abdominis release have been investigated, the effects of endoscopic subcutaneous anterior component separation (ES-ACS) on postoperative muscle anatomy have not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the lateral abdominal muscles after ES-ACS. METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) images of patients who underwent ES-ACS were retrospectively evaluated. Lateral abdominal wall thickness and external oblique displacement were measured at the level of fixed retroperitoneal structures. Measurements on the ES-ACS side were compared with those on the contralateral undivided side or with preoperative images in patients with bilateral procedures. RESULTS: Fifteen patients met the criteria for study inclusion. Most patients (n = 13, 86.7%) underwent unilateral ES-ACS. The most commonly performed procedure was laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh-plus hernia repair (n = 12, 80.0%; the remaining patients underwent open repair). The Mean defect width was 8.4 cm (range 6-15 cm). There was no difference in the thickness of the lateral abdominal musculature between ES-ACS and undivided sides. There was a significant lateral displacement of the external oblique muscle from the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis on the ES-ACS side (mean distance 3.7 cm; p = 0.0006). No midline hernia recurrences, iatrogenic linea semilunaris hernias, or lateral eventrations were observed during a mean follow-up period of 2.6 years (range 0.5-7.4 years). CONCLUSION: ES-ACS resulted in no atrophy of the lateral abdominal muscles in long-term CT follow-up. The procedure is a safe and effective adjunct to complex hernia repair in selected patients.
Asunto(s)
Pared Abdominal , Hernia Ventral , Laparoscopía , Músculos Abdominales/diagnóstico por imagen , Músculos Abdominales/cirugía , Pared Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagen , Pared Abdominal/cirugía , Hernia Ventral/diagnóstico por imagen , Hernia Ventral/cirugía , Herniorrafia , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Mallas QuirúrgicasRESUMEN
Antecedentes: numerosas técnicas han sido descriptas para el tratamiento de defectos complejos de la pared abdominal. La técnica de separación de componentes con liberación del músculo transverso (TAR) permite la movilización de colgajos miofasciocutáneos y cierre de la línea media, con baja tasa de complicaciones. Objetivo: evaluar los resultados del tratamiento de eventraciones complejas con técnica TAR. Material y métodos: se incluyó una serie de pacientes en los que se realizó TAR entre marzo de 2013 y abril de 2017, con seguimiento mínimo de 6 meses. Se analizaron variables demográficas y clínicoquirúrgicas. Los resultados fueron expresados en medianas. Resultados: se realizaron 14 eventroplastias con técnica TAR. Diez (70%) correspondieron a hombres. La edad fue 60 (35-81) años y el IMC fue: 28,2 kg/m². El 70% tenía al menos dos cirugías previas. Se solicitó tomografía computarizada preoperatoria en todos los pacientes. El índice de Tanaka fue 24,5%. En 7 (50%) pacientes el riesgo quirúrgico fue ASA < III. El tamaño del defecto fue 480 (224-720) cm² y el de la malla 900 (500-1050) cm². El tiempo operatorio fue 248 (180-341) minutos, y la estadía hospitalaria, 3 (2-4) días. Dos pacientes tuvieron infección del sitio quirúrgico. El seguimiento posoperatorio fue de 20 (6-48) meses, y no se detectaron recidivas. Conclusión: la técnica TAR es un método seguro y fiable para la reparación de grandes defectos de la pared abdominal con baja morbimortalidad y recidiva, por lo que debería considerarse dentro del armamentario quirúrgico.
Background: several strategies have been described for the treatment of complex abdominal wall defects. The component separation technique with transversus abdominis muscle release (TAR) allows adequate fasciomiocutaneos flaps mobilization to close the middle line and has low morbidity. Objective: to evaluate outcomes of TAR technique for the treatment of large incisional hernias. Material and methods: in the period between March 2013 and April 2017, all consecutive patients with TAR procedures with a minimum follow-up of 6 months were included. Demographics, operative and postoperative variables were analyzed. Results were expressed in medians. Results: a total of 14 TAR procedures were performed. Ten patients were men. The age was 60 (35-81) years and BMI was 28,2 kg/m². Seventy percent of the patients had at least two previous surgeries. CT scan was performed before surgery in all patients. Tanaka index was 24,5%. Seven patients had ASA < III. The defect size was 480 (224-720) cm² and mesh size 900 (500 - 1050) cm². Operative time was 248 (180 -341) minutes and hospital stay 3 (2-4) days. Two patients had surgical site infection. Postoperative follow-up was 20 (6-44) months. There was no recurrences. Conclusion: TAR technique is safe and reliable for the repair of large abdominal wall defects with low morbidity and recurrence rates. Therefore it should be taken into account in the surgical armamentarium.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Hernia Incisional , Músculos Abdominales , Pared AbdominalRESUMEN
La hernia incisional suprapúbica constituye una enfermedad infrecuente, consecuencia generalmente de cirugías pélvicas en especial las que abordan el espacio retropúbico de Retzius. El objetivo dle trabajo es reportar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de la hernia suprapúbica mediante el proceder tradicional de Rives-Stoppa asociado a la técnica de separación de componentes con bioprótesis de polipropileno como refuerzo. Se reportan tres pacientes con hernias suprapúbicas grandes. Estas se definieron como: todo defecto localizado en una distancia no mayor de 5 cm a la sínfisis del pubis con diámetro del anillo herniario superior a los 10 cm en su eje mayor medido transoperatoriamente. Fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente tres pacientes, un hombre y dos mujeres. El primero con antecedentes de prostatectomía retropúbica y las dos últimas de cirugía ginecológica. En el primero, se complementó la operación de Rives-Stoppa con la técnica de separación anterior de componentes y refuerzo supra aponeurótico. Las dos últimas preferimos la separación posterior de componentes para evitar la disección anterior extensa. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron los seromas y hasta la fecha no se han reportado recurrencias. La reparación preperitoneal combinada con la técnica de separación de componentes anterior o posterior, constituyen alternativas válidas en la reparación de hernias incisionales complejas como son las hernias suprapúbicas. Esto permitió el cierre del defecto aponeurótico para cubrir y proteger la bioprótesis con la reconstrucción consiguiente de la línea alba(AU)
Suprapubic incisional hernia is a rare disease, generally the result of pelvic surgeries, especially those approaching the retropubic space of Retzius. To report the results of the surgical treatment of the suprapubic hernia by means of the traditional procedure of Rives-Stoppa associated to the component separation technique with polypropylene bioprosthesis as reinforcement. Three patients with large suprapubic hernias are reported. These were defined as: any defect located at a distance of no more than 5 cm from the symphysis pubis with diameter of the hernial ring over 10 cm at its major axis measured trans-operatively. Three patients, one man and two women were operated. The first, with a history of retropubic prostatectomy and the last two, with a history of gynecological surgery. In the first, the operation of Rives-Stoppa was complemented with the component separation technique and supra-aponeurotic reinforcement. For the last two, we preferred the posterior component separation in order to avoid extensive anterior dissection. The most frequent complications were seromas and, to date, no relapses have been reported. Preperitoneal repair combined with the technique of anterior or posterior component separation are valid alternatives in the repair of complex incisional hernias, such as suprapubic hernias. This allowed closure of the aponeurotic defect to cover and protect the bioprosthesis with the consequent reconstruction of the linea alba(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Prostatectomía/métodos , Bioprótesis/efectos adversos , Hernia Incisional/cirugíaRESUMEN
La hernia incisional suprapúbica constituye una enfermedad infrecuente, consecuencia generalmente de cirugías pélvicas en especial las que abordan el espacio retropúbico de Retzius. El objetivo dle trabajo es reportar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de la hernia suprapúbica mediante el proceder tradicional de Rives-Stoppa asociado a la técnica de separación de componentes con bioprótesis de polipropileno como refuerzo. Se reportan tres pacientes con hernias suprapúbicas grandes. Estas se definieron como: todo defecto localizado en una distancia no mayor de 5 cm a la sínfisis del pubis con diámetro del anillo herniario superior a los 10 cm en su eje mayor medido transoperatoriamente. Fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente tres pacientes, un hombre y dos mujeres. El primero con antecedentes de prostatectomía retropúbica y las dos últimas de cirugía ginecológica. En el primero, se complementó la operación de Rives-Stoppa con la técnica de separación anterior de componentes y refuerzo supra aponeurótico. Las dos últimas preferimos la separación posterior de componentes para evitar la disección anterior extensa. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron los seromas y hasta la fecha no se han reportado recurrencias. La reparación preperitoneal combinada con la técnica de separación de componentes anterior o posterior, constituyen alternativas válidas en la reparación de hernias incisionales complejas como son las hernias suprapúbicas. Esto permitió el cierre del defecto aponeurótico para cubrir y proteger la bioprótesis con la reconstrucción consiguiente de la línea alba(AU)
Suprapubic incisional hernia is a rare disease, generally the result of pelvic surgeries, especially those approaching the retropubic space of Retzius. To report the results of the surgical treatment of the suprapubic hernia by means of the traditional procedure of Rives-Stoppa associated to the component separation technique with polypropylene bioprosthesis as reinforcement. Three patients with large suprapubic hernias are reported. These were defined as: any defect located at a distance of no more than 5 cm from the symphysis pubis with diameter of the hernial ring over 10 cm at its major axis measured trans-operatively. Three patients, one man and two women were operated. The first, with a history of retropubic prostatectomy and the last two, with a history of gynecological surgery. In the first, the operation of Rives-Stoppa was complemented with the component separation technique and supra-aponeurotic reinforcement. For the last two, we preferred the posterior component separation in order to avoid extensive anterior dissection. The most frequent complications were seromas and, to date, no relapses have been reported. Preperitoneal repair combined with the technique of anterior or posterior component separation are valid alternatives in the repair of complex incisional hernias, such as suprapubic hernias. This allowed closure of the aponeurotic defect to cover and protect the bioprosthesis with the consequent reconstruction of the linea alba(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Prostatectomía/métodos , Bioprótesis/efectos adversos , Hernia Incisional/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Proper defect closure during abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) is a key to improving cosmetic and functional results, and reducing morbidity. We have completed the initial prospective evaluation of a technique we previously described and published: endoscopic subcutaneous anterior component separation (ACS) as an adjunct to mainly laparoscopic AWR. We now present the long-term clinical and imaging follow-up results. STUDY DESIGN: Data were prospectively collected over a 3-year period (2012-2015) on patients who underwent AWR with endoscopic ACS. Inclusion criteria included the following: defects of 6-15 cm that are longer than wider; no skin dystrophy; no loss of domain; no active infection; no previous multiple, complex repairs; no previous multiple mesh repairs; and no high probability of severe adhesions. All patients were followed up clinically at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and then annually. All patients underwent CT scanning of the abdominal wall (sagittal, axial, coronal, and 3D reconstruction) at 3 months and 1 year postoperatively and then annually. RESULTS: Twenty consecutive patients underwent adjunctive endoscopic ACS: 17 laparoscopic AWRs, 2 open repairs, and 1 hybrid repair. Up to 38 months (mean 21 months) of follow-up, there were no ventral hernia recurrences or de novo hernias at the ACS site. One patient experienced partial primary closure failure. Morbidity consisted in one case each of hematoma, seroma, and transient neuralgia. Cosmetic results and patient satisfaction were excellent. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that endoscopic subcutaneous ACS is a safe, effective, reliable, reproducible technique that facilitates primary closure of defects during AWR in selected patients.
Asunto(s)
Pared Abdominal/cirugía , Abdominoplastia/métodos , Endoscopía/métodos , Hernia Ventral/cirugía , Herniorrafia/métodos , Laparoscopía/métodos , Tejido Subcutáneo/cirugía , Mallas Quirúrgicas , Pared Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Hematoma/epidemiología , Hernia Ventral/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neuralgia/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Recurrencia , Seroma/epidemiología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Técnicas de Cierre de HeridasRESUMEN
Antecedentes: La reconstrucción de la pared abdominal tiene como fin restaurar el soporte estructural, otorgando una cobertura estable y optimizando la apariencia estética. La técnica de separación de componentes consiste en el avance medial de un componente muscular y fascial inervados, para reconstruir defectos en la línea media, logra un cierre sin tensión y ayuda a recrear la dinámica de la pared abdominal. Objetivo: El objetivo del siguiente trabajo es presentar la experiencia del Hospital de Carabineros en la reconstrucción de tales defectos utilizando esta técnica y evaluar la tasa de recidiva. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes operados en el Hospital entre 2010 y 2015. Se describe la técnica quirúrgica utilizada.Resultados: Se presenta una serie de 6 pacientes operados en dicho período. El tamaño promedio del defecto fue 272,8 cm². Se utilizó la técnica clásica de separación de componentes y en algunos casos modificaciones para preservar perforantes. La cirugía tuvo una duración de 185 min en promedio. No se han presentado recidivas a la fecha entre los pacientes operados (seguimiento promedio 16,8 meses). Conclusiones: La técnica de separación de componentes repara defectos extensos de manera anatómica, autógena y devolviendo la funcionalidad a la pared abdominal. Es un procedimiento que no está libre de complicaciones, sin embargo, en nuestra experiencia los resultados son estables en el tiempo sin evidenciar recidivas. Se recomienda una adecuada evaluación y selección de cada caso.
Background: The component separation technique is a type of rectus abdominis muscle advancement flap that allows reconstruction of such large ventral defects. The advantages of the component separation technique are that it restores functional and structural integrity of the abdominal wall, provides stable soft tissue coverage, and optimizes aesthetic appearance. Aim: To report our experience in abdominal reconstruction using this technique. Material and methods: Review of medical records of 6 patients subjected to an abdominal wall repair using the component separation technique. Results: The mean size of the abdominal wall defect was 272.8 cm². The classic technique or a modification to preserve perforator vessels were used. The mean surgical time was 185 minutes. After a follow up of 16.8 months, no relapses were observed. Conclusions: In this experience the component separation technique had good results and no relapse of the defect was observed.