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Microsurgeries are common for complex aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and types of venous cerebral disorders after microsurgeries for complex MCA aneurysms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study included 285 patients with complex MCA aneurysms between 2009 and 2020. Pterional craniotomy and transsylvian approach were used in all cases. Aneurysm clipping was performed in 230 cases, revascularization - 27, trapping without bypass - 17, reinforcement - in 11 cases. Computed tomography within 1-3 days after surgery recognized venous cerebral disorders as heterogeneous foci of abnormal brain density with unclear boundaries. These foci were crescent-shaped as a rule and located in deep and basal parts of the frontal lobes. RESULTS: Venous abnormalities occurred in 76 (26.7%) patients. Thirty-five (12.3%) patients had mild venous edema of the frontal lobe alone. In 35 (12.3%) patients, we found moderate disorders with focus in the frontal lobe and compression of anterior horn of the left lateral ventricle with or without hemorrhagic imbibition. Severe disorders occurred in 6 (2.1%) patients with lesion extending to the frontal, insular and temporal lobes. These lesions were accompanied by hemorrhagic imbibition, and lateral dislocation exceeded 5 mm. CONCLUSION: Careful dissection of veins in Sylvian fissure with preservation of bridging veins is likely to reduce the risk of this complication. Cauterization of a large vein in Sylvian fissure should be followed by careful hemostasis within frontal or temporal cortex. Bleeding and cortical tension can indicate intracerebral hematoma whose likelihood is higher in patients with venous cerebral disorders.
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Aneurisma Intracraneal , Microcirugia , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/cirugía , Aneurisma Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Microcirugia/métodos , Microcirugia/efectos adversos , Adulto , Estudios Retrospectivos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Arteria Cerebral Media/cirugía , Arteria Cerebral Media/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Background: The concept of aneurysm "complexity" has undergone significant changes in recent years, with advancements in endovascular treatments. However, surgical clipping remains a relevant option for middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms. Hence, the classical criteria used to define surgically complex MCA aneurysms require updating. Our objective is to review our institutional series, considering the impacts of various complexity features, and provide a treatment strategy algorithm. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of our institutional experience with "complex MCA" aneurysms and analyzed single aneurysmal-related factors influencing treatment decisions. Results: We identified 14 complex cases, each exhibiting at least two complexity criteria, including fusiform shape (57%), large size (35%), giant size (21%), vessel branching from the sac (50%), intrasaccular thrombi (35%), and previous clipping/coiling (14%). In 92% of cases, the aneurysm had a wide neck, and 28% exhibited tortuosity or stenosis of proximal vessels. Conclusions: The optimal management of complex MCA aneurysms depends on a decision-making algorithm that considers various complexity criteria. In a modern medical setting, this process helps clarify the choice of treatment strategy, which should be tailored to factors such as aneurysm morphology and patient characteristics, including a combination of endovascular and surgical techniques.
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OBJECTIVE: Internal carotid complex aneurysms (ICCAs) management is challenging. Ligating the internal carotid artery (ICA) combined with Superficial Temporal Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis is an effective treatment option. Balloon test occlusion (BTO) assessments for preoperative decision-making are unaffordable in developing countries. This article discusses the study of Willis polygon (WP) segments as an option and suggests a score for decision-making. Herein, we report the outcomes of a series of patients treated for ICCA aneurysms at a single institution. METHODS: From September 2016 to December 2020, we conducted a retrospective cohort study that analyzed data from patients with ICCAs. Among them, 9 patients received treatment involving ICA ligation combined with STA-MCA anastomosis. Partial or total carotid ligation was determined by using the WP score (WPS). RESULTS: All Patients underwent STA-MCA anastomosis, in addition to total ICA ligation in 7 patients and partial ICA ligation in 2 patients with a WPS of 7 and 5, respectively. Patients with partially ligated carotid arteries were referred to an overseas neurointerventional center 12 months after surgery. As the BTO test was negative, they underwent ICA occlusion by coiling. Postoperative clinical outcomes did not change in 8/9 patients. In 1 patient, we reported a minor parietal stroke; the patient recovered completely after 6 months. Total aneurysm exclusion by thrombosis was achieved in 7/9 patients after total ICA ligation alone and in 2/9 patients after partial ICA ligation combined with coiling. CONCLUSIONS: Limited access to endovascular assessment techniques such as BTO poses challenges in managing ICCAs. The WPS for decision-making appears to be a simple and safe option. In addition to STA-MCA bypass surgery, total or partial ICA ligation may be proposed depending on the WPS. After 12 months, patients with low WPS who underwent partial ICA ligation combined with bypass had postoperative normal BTO.
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Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas , Revascularización Cerebral , Aneurisma Intracraneal , Humanos , Arteria Cerebral Media/cirugía , Arteria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Carótida Interna/cirugía , Aneurisma Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma Intracraneal/cirugía , Arterias Temporales/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Países en Desarrollo , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/cirugía , Revascularización Cerebral/métodosRESUMEN
A hyperplastic anterior choroidal artery is a vascular anomaly where the anterior choroidal artery supplies the posterior cerebral artery territory. We report a case of subarachnoid hemorrhage from a hyperplastic anterior choroidal artery with tandem fusiform aneurysms. The patient underwent a temporal craniotomy and transcortical transventricular transchoroidal-fissure approach for clip reconstruction. This case illustrates an unusual cerebrovascular pathology and approach to the ambient cistern.
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Aneurisma Intracraneal , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma Intracraneal/cirugía , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/diagnóstico por imagen , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/etiología , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/cirugía , Encéfalo , Espacio Subaracnoideo , Arteria Cerebral PosteriorRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) pose a high risk of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. In the most complex cases, the only way to exclude the aneurysm from the circulation is to perform a high-flow extracranial-to-intracranial bypass, thus creating a new bloodstream. This avoids severe ischemic complications; however, it requires careful consideration of individual anatomy and hemodynamic parameters. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be of great help in planning such a surgery by creating 3D patient-specific models of cerebral circulation. OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the perspectivity of high-flow extracranial-to-intracranial bypass planning using computational modeling. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this research work, we have applied the CFD methods to a patient with a giant thrombosed IA of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Preoperative CTA images and Gamma Multivox workstation were used to create a 3D model with current geometry and three additional models: Normal anatomy (no IA), Occlusion (with ligated ICA), Virtual bypass (with bypass and ligated ICA). The postoperative data were also available. Boundary conditions were based on PC-MRI measurements. Calculation of hemodynamics was conducted with a finite element package ANSYS Workbench 19. RESULTS: The results demonstrated an increase in the blood flow on the affected side by more than 70% after the virtual surgery and uniformity of flow distribution between the affected and contralateral sides, indicating that the treatment is likely to be efficient. Later, postoperative data confirmed that. CONCLUSION: The study showed that virtual preoperative CFD modeling could significantly simplify and improve surgical planning.
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Revascularización Cerebral , Aneurisma Intracraneal , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea , Arteria Carótida Interna/cirugía , Revascularización Cerebral/métodos , Circulación Cerebrovascular , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma Intracraneal/cirugía , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos/métodos , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/diagnóstico por imagen , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The treatment of middle cerebral artery (MCA) giant aneurysms (GAs) represents a challenging task. METHODS: The data for 55 patients treated for MCA GA (≥25 mm) at the N.N. Burdenko NMRCN between 2010 and 2019 were analyZed. RESULTS: The GAs were located in the M1 segment in 11 (20%) patients, MCA bifurcation in 33 (60%), M2 in 7 (12.7%), and M3 in 4 (7.3%). There were 32 (58.2%) saccular and 23 (41.8%) fusiform GAs. MCA GAs were treated with neck clipping (50.9%), clipping with the artery lumen formation (3.6%), bypass surgeries (34.5%), wrapping (3.6%), and endovascular surgery (7.3%). A worsening of the neurologic state in the perioperative period was observed in 50.9% of patients. The complete closure of GA was achieved in 78.2%. Surgery-related mortality was 1.8%. The long-term outcome was favorable in 76.9% of patients. Surgery-related and disease-related plus treatment failures-related mortality was 9.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgical clipping and bypass surgery are the main operative interventions for MCA GA treatment. These operations are technically complex and are followed by a relatively high percentage of complications. The main tasks that require further investigations are the introduction of new precise diagnostic methods for the collateral circulation assessment in the cortical MCA branches, the perfection of the algorithm for the bypass selection, and investigation of the long-term results of the endovascular and combined treatments. It is of major importance to thoroughly observe the patients long-term after the surgery and ensure the possibility for further angiographic studies.
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Revascularización Cerebral/tendencias , Procedimientos Endovasculares/tendencias , Aneurisma Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma Intracraneal/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Revascularización Cerebral/efectos adversos , Revascularización Cerebral/métodos , Niño , Preescolar , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/métodos , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Background: Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) aneurysms are relatively rare in clinical practice, accounting for <1% of all intracranial arteries. After the diagnosis and location are confirmed by angiography, magnetic resonance, and other imaging examinations, interventional, or surgical treatment is often used, but some complex aneurysms require reconstructive surgery. Case Description: An 8-year-old male child was admitted to the hospital due to sudden disturbance of consciousness for 2 weeks. The head CT showed hematocele in the ventricular system with subarachnoid hemorrhage in the basilar cistern and annular cistern. On admission, he was conscious, answered correctly, had a soft neck, limb muscle strength was normal, and had no cranial nerves or nervous system abnormalities. A preoperative examination showed the right side of the anterior distal arteries class under the circular wide neck aneurysm, the distal anterior inferior cerebellar artery supplying a wide range of blood to the cerebellum, the ipsilateral posterior inferior cerebellar artery absent, and the aneurysm close to the VII, VIII nerves. The aneurysm was successfully treated by aneurysm resection and intracranial artery anastomosis in situ of a2 AICA-a2 AICA. Conclusions: AICA aneurysms are relatively rare; in this case, a complex wide-necked aneurysm was successfully treated by aneurysm resection and anastomosis in situ of a2 AICA-a2 AICA. This case can provide a reference for the surgical treatment of complex anterior cerebellar aneurysms.
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BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of obesity on procedural metrics, radiation exposure, quality of life (QOL), and clinical outcomes of fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair (FB-EVAR) of pararenal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical data from 334 patients (236 men; mean age, 75 ± 8 years) enrolled in a prospective nonrandomized study to evaluate FB-EVAR from 2013 to 2019. The patients were classified using the body mass index (BMI) as obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) or nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m2). QOL questionnaires (short-form 36-item questionnaire) and imaging studies were obtained preoperatively and at 2 months and 6 months postoperatively, and annually thereafter. The procedures were performed using two different fixed imaging systems. The end points included procedural metrics (ie, total operative time, fluoroscopic time, contrast volume), radiation exposure, technical success, 30-day mortality, and major adverse events, QOL changes, freedom from target vessel instability, freedom from reintervention, and patient survival. RESULTS: The aneurysm extent was a pararenal aortic aneurysm in 117 patients (35%) and a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm in 217 patients (65%). Both groups had similar demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and aneurysm extent, except for a greater incidence of hyperlipidemia and diabetes among the obese patients (P < .05). No significant differences were found in the procedural metrics or intraprocedural complications between the groups, except that the obese patients had greater radiation exposure than the nonobese patients (mean, 2.5 vs 1.6 Gy; P < .001), with the highest radiation exposure in those obese patients who had undergone the procedure using system 1 (fusion alone) instead of system 2 (fusion and digital zoom; mean, 4.1 vs 1.5 Gy; P < .001). Three patients had died within 30 days (0.8%), with no difference in mortality or major adverse events between the groups. The mental QOL scores had improved in the obese group at 2 and 12 months compared with the nonobese patients, with persistently higher scores up to 3 years. At 3 years, the obese and nonobese patients had a similar incidence of freedom from target vessel instability (74% ± 6% vs 80% ± 3%; P = .99, log-rank test), freedom from reintervention (66% ± 6% vs 73% ± 4%; P = .77, log-rank test), and patient survival (83% ± 5% vs 75% ± 4%; P = .16, log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS: FB-EVAR was performed with high technical success and low mortality and morbidity, with no significant differences between the obese and nonobese patients. The procedural metrics and outcomes were similar, with the exception of greater radiation exposure among obese patients, especially for the procedures performed using system 1 with fusion alone compared with system 2 (fusion and digital zoom). Obese patients had higher QOL mental scores at 2 and 12 months, with a similar reintervention rate, target vessel outcomes, and survival compared with nonobese patients.
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Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/cirugía , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico , Procedimientos Endovasculares/métodos , Obesidad/complicaciones , Calidad de Vida , Exposición a la Radiación , Anciano , Aorta Abdominal/cirugía , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/complicaciones , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/mortalidad , Aneurisma de la Aorta Torácica/cirugía , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Arteria Renal/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The data presented in this brief paper aims to summarize the overall results of 82 consecutive patients surgically treated over 20 years for a giant intracranial aneurysm (GIA) in the context of the endovascular era. Data were retrospectively collected from the database of two different tertiary referral Italian hospitals. A retrospective analysis of the patients' cohort was performed. Data are presented as they relate to the demographic and clinical aspects, the prevalence of GIAs according to anterior and posterior circulation, aneurysm angioarchitectural features, surgical treatment options, complications, outcome, and main microneurosurgical techniques required explicitly for GIAs, namely temporary clipping, aneurysm remodeling, thrombectomy, fragmentation, and bypass. Furthermore, data about the effects of implementing the flow-diverter/flow-disruptor on the surgical case volume over the years are also reported. The data presented herein are related to our previously published research article titled "Surgical Management of Giant Intracranial Aneurysms: Overall Results of a Large Series" (2020) [1].
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OBJECTIVE: To review and discuss surgical treatment options for giant intracranial aneurysms (GIAs), focusing on indications, technical aspects, and results, along with some illustrative cases. METHODS: We reviewed the data of 82 consecutive patients surgically managed between January 2000 and December 2019 for treatment of a GIA. RESULTS: Male sex and hemorrhage at presentation were prevalent. The average follow-up was 81.2 ± 45 months. The anterior circulation was involved in 76.8% of GIAs. If the GIA showed a clear neck, minimal atherosclerosis, or intrasaccular thrombosis, and ≤2 branches arising from the neck, it was reconstructed. This procedure was possible in 78% of cases. The technique also involved temporary clipping, remodeling, and thrombectomy, as well as fragmentation techniques. Angioarchitectural features other than these techniques underwent bypass and aneurysm trapping. Most bypasses were extracranial to intracranial and high flow. Flow capacity, collateral circulation, and availability of the donor vessel mainly affected the choice of the type of bypass. Overall, successful exclusion of the GIA was 91.4%. The need for retreatment and complication rate were 3.6% and 19.5%, respectively. A good overall outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0-3) was achieved in 84.2% of patients, and mortality was 10%. CONCLUSIONS: Microneurosurgical techniques still maintain a significant role for most GIAs, with a high durability and acceptable rate of morbidity and mortality. Clip reconstruction is the first-line surgical treatment option, whereas bypass is indicated in cases of planned or unplanned sacrifice of the parent artery to prevent long-term ischemic complications.
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Aneurisma Intracraneal/cirugía , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Calcinosis/patología , Circulación Colateral , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/epidemiología , Aneurisma Intracraneal/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndromes de Compresión Nerviosa/etiología , Síndromes de Compresión Nerviosa/cirugía , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevalencia , Reoperación/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Sexuales , Stents , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/cirugía , Trombectomía , Trombosis , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Assessment of rupture risk for intracranial aneurysms (IA) is a particular challenge in cases of so-called complex aneurysms due to their variable morphometric characteristics. Arterial branch arising from the dome or the neck of IA is one of the least explored features of complex aneurysms. The methods of computational fluid dynamics may be valuable to determine the influence of arterial branches of IA on local hemodynamics. OBJECTIVE: To analyze local hemodynamics in IA with arterial branch arising from the cupola or the neck depending on the structure of the aneurysm and blood flow rate in the parent vessel. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CT angiography data of 4 patients with IA were estimated in this study. Modifications of the baseline 3D models of the aneurysms resulted 12 patient-specific models included into analysis. Hemodynamic calculations were made by using of ANSYS Workbench 19 software package. RESULTS: Wall shear stress (WSS) was characterized by the most significant variability, especially in case of sidewall aneurysms. Small cross-sectional area of additional branch in relation to the neck of IA was not followed by considerable changes of blood flow patterns inside IA after «virtual¼ removal of the vessel. Otherwise, the intensity of flows was drastically reduced. Simulation of high inlet flows demonstrated substantial variation of WSS in the area of jet. CONCLUSION: Additional arterial branch arising from the dome or the neck of IA significantly influences local hemodynamics. This influence depends on the localization of IA in relation to the parent vessel and the diameter of additional arterial branch.
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Imagenología Tridimensional , Aneurisma Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Hemodinámica , Humanos , Hidrodinámica , Estrés MecánicoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass augments blood flow in patients with cerebral ischemia or replaces flow in patients with complex aneurysms or skull base tumors requiring vessel sacrifice. METHOD: We provide a description of the STA-MCA bypass with figures and video to illustrate the procedure. CONCLUSION: The STA-MCA end-to-side anastomosis is a foundational skill for the cerebrovascular surgeon and a building block for more complex bypasses.
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Isquemia Encefálica/cirugía , Revascularización Cerebral/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Arteria Cerebral Media/cirugía , Arterias Temporales/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The use of bypass surgery for anterior communicating artery (ACOM) aneurysms is technically challenging. Communicating bypass (COMB), such as pericallosal artery side-to-side anastomosis, is the most frequently used and anatomically directed reconstruction option. However, in many complex cases, this technique may not afford a sufficient blood supply or necessitate sacrificing the ACOM and the eloquent perforators arising from it. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate tailored COMB and propose a practical algorithm for the management of complex ACOM aneurysms. METHODS: For 1 patient with an aneurysm incorporating the entire ACOM, conventional in Situ A3-A3 bypass was performed as the sole treatment in order to create competing flow for aneurysm obliteration, sparing the sacrifice of eloquent perforators. In situations in which A2s were asymmetric in the other case, the contralateral A2 orifice was selected as the donor site to provide adequate blood flow by employing a short segment of the interposition graft. RESULTS: The aneurysm was not visualized in patients with in Situ A3-A3 bypass because of the "flow-counteraction" strategy. The second patient, who underwent implementation of the contralateral A2 orifice for ipsilateral A3 interposition bypass, demonstrated sufficient bypass patency and complete obliteration of the aneurysm. CONCLUSION: The feasibility of conventional COMB combined with complete trapping may only be constrained to selected ideal cases for the treatment of complex ACOM aneurysms. Innovative modifications should be designed in order to create individualized strategies for each patient because of the complexity of hemodynamics and the vascular architecture. Flow-counteraction in Situ bypass and interposition bypass using the contralateral A2 orifice as the donor site are 2 novel modalities for optimizing the advantages and broadening the applications of COMB for the treatment of complex ACOM aneurysms.
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Aneurisma Intracraneal , Arteria Cerebral Anterior/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Cerebral Anterior/cirugía , Angiografía Cerebral , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma Intracraneal/cirugía , Microcirugia , Procedimientos NeuroquirúrgicosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The prevailing evidence calls for using chimney/snorkel endovascular repair (ch-EVAR) with one or two chimney grafts. No studies up to now focus on its applicability and results for the treatment of suprarenal aortic pathologies (SRAP). Hence, we evaluated the clinical and radiologic results of ch-EVAR treatment for SRAP placing three or more chimney grafts within the PERICLES Registry. METHODS: Data from 517 patients suffering complex aortic pathologies treated by ch-EVAR between 2008 and 2014 at 13 European and U.S. centers were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: Sixty-seven ch-EVAR-treated patients (12.9% of the entire PERICLES cohort) presented SRAP (83.5% elective, 16.5% urgent). The majority of patients (95.5%) received three chimney grafts; four patients received four chimney grafts. The Endurant device was the most commonly used (35.8%) followed by the Zenith abdominal endograft (19.4%). Overall, 204 chimney grafts were placed (56.7% covered self-expandable, 40.3% covered balloon-expandable stents, and 10.4% bare metal balloon-expandable stents). At a median follow-up of 24 months (range, 0.1-67.0 days), 30-day mortality was 6.1% (4 patients), and the overall mortality was 16.4% (11 patients). Overall survival was 87.4% (range, 79.5%-96.0%) at 1 year, 81.8% (range, 72.2%-92.2%) at 2 years and thereafter. Type IA endoleak was noted in nine patients (13.4%) intraoperatively and successfully treated in seven cases (97.1% technical success). Aneurysm sac diameter significantly decreased from 70.5 ± 19.3 mm to 66.9 ± 20.6 mm (P < .001) at last follow-up. Ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack were noted in two patients (2.9%). Chimney occlusion was detected in six renal arteries (9.5%) and two superior mesenteric arteries (3.2%). No patients required chronic hemodialysis. All occluded superior mesenteric artery grafts were successfully rescued using endovascular approaches. CONCLUSIONS: The midterm use of ch-EVAR for the treatment SRAP seems to be safe, highlighting its applicability for the treatment of rupture threatening pathologies and seal zone lengthening as in type IA endoleaks after EVAR. However, the incidence of type IA endoleaks, chimney graft occlusions, and ischemic stroke rates is higher compared with the prevailing single chimney evidence. Longer follow-up with more cases is needed to establish the exact performance of this treatment in SRAP.
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Enfermedades de la Aorta/cirugía , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular , Procedimientos Endovasculares , Arteria Mesentérica Superior/cirugía , Arteria Renal/cirugía , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedades de la Aorta/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de la Aorta/fisiopatología , Prótesis Vascular , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/efectos adversos , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular/instrumentación , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/instrumentación , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Arteria Mesentérica Superior/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Mesentérica Superior/fisiopatología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Diseño de Prótesis , Sistema de Registros , Arteria Renal/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Renal/fisiopatología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Stents , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Complex middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms are defined as large (≥10 mm) or giant (≥25 mm) aneurysms with M2 branches arising from the aneurysm rather than M1 segments and usually require some form of reconstruction of the bifurcation. Their management is difficult and surgery is preferred over endovascular modalities because of their peculiar angioarchitecture and association with critical branch points or perforators. OBJECTIVES: The study was aimed at analyzing surgically managed complex MCA aneurysms and discussing characteristics not favorable for endovascular management, surgical nuances and clipping strategies, patient outcomes, and newer diagnostic modalities which help improve management. METHODS: Nine cases of surgically operated complex MCA aneurysms were identified from January 2017 to July 2019. The aneurysm characteristics, surgical nuances, clipping strategies, patient outcomes and points not favoring endovascular management were tabulated and analyzed. RESULTS: The mean maximum aneurysm diameter was 13.4 mm and the mean fundus/neck ratio was 1.6. The average microscope time was 124 min, and the most common method was clip reconstruction. The average number of clips used was 2.7 and the mean follow-up was 13 months. All patients have good postoperative outcome (Modified Rankin Score 0-2). The complete occlusion rate was 88.9% with one intraoperative voluntary residual sac which was coated. Computational fluid dynamic study results done preoperatively correlated with intraoperative findings. CONCLUSIONS: MCA aneurysms pose a significant challenge for endovascular treatment because of various factors such as luminal thrombi, complex angio-architecture, precarious branch/perforator locations, broad necks, and fusiform characteristics. Surgical management in experienced hands can tackle all these problems with an armamentarium of clipping techniques and bypass procedures.
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BACKGROUND: The main challenge of bypass surgery of complex MCA aneurysm is not the selection of the bypass type, but the initial decision making of how to exclude the affected vessel segment from circulation. The aim of our study was to review our experience with the treatment of complex MCA aneurysms using revascularization and parent artery sacrifice techniques. Based on this, we aimed at categorizing these aneurysms according to specific surgical aspects in order to facilitate preoperative planning for these challenging surgical pathologies. METHODS: We reviewed 50 patients with complex MCA aneurysms that were not clippable but required revascularization and parent artery sacrifice. We report the individual variations of surgical techniques, highlight the technical aspects, and categorize the aneurysms based on their location and orientation. RESULTS: Of the 50 aneurysms, 56% were giant, 16% large, and 28% < 10 mm, but fusiform. Fourteen percent were previously treated endovascular. Four percent presented with SAH. Ten percent were prebifurcational, 60% involved the bifurcation, and 30% were postbifurcational. Both parent artery sacrifice and bypass strategies were tailored to the individual localization and anatomical relationship of the aneurysm and inflow/outflow arteries (38% proximal inflow occlusion, 42% aneurysm trapping, 20% distal outflow occlusion; 14% STA-MCA bypass, 48% interposition graft, 36%, combined/complex revascularization with reimplantation/in situ techniques). Good outcome (mRS 0-2) rates at discharge and at follow-up were 64% and 84%. Based on our analysis of individual cases, we categorized complex MCA aneurysms into six types and provide individual recommendations for their surgical exploration and treatment by revascularization and parent artery sacrifice. CONCLUSION: Complex MCA aneurysms are among the most challenging vascular lesions and afford highly individualized treatment strategies. Revascularization and parent artery sacrifice provide durable results that are superior to the natural history. Our classification provides a tool for planning and pre-surgical assessment of the intraoperative anatomy of complex MCA aneurysms, helping to assume possible pitfalls.
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Revascularización Cerebral/métodos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/cirugía , Arteria Cerebral Media/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Adulto , Revascularización Cerebral/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
We report a case of central sleep apnoea (CSA) due to a giant vertebrobasilar aneurysm with brainstem compression. A flow diverter stent was deployed with coil embolization of the right vertebral artery distal to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) to occlude the aneurysm. The patient's symptoms improved following therapy.
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Aneurisma Intracraneal/complicaciones , Apnea Central del Sueño/etiología , Anciano , Prótesis Vascular , Cerebelo/irrigación sanguínea , Presión de las Vías Aéreas Positiva Contínua/métodos , Embolización Terapéutica/métodos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/métodos , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/terapia , Masculino , Apnea Central del Sueño/terapia , Stents , Arteria VertebralRESUMEN
OBJECTIVEBecause simple intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are increasingly treated endovascularly, neurovascular surgery has become focused on complex IAs that may require deconstructive aneurysm therapy with concomitant surgical bypass. The authors describe the decision-making process concerning cerebral revascularization and present outcomes that were achieved in a large case series of complex IAs managed with cerebral revascularization and parent artery occlusion.METHODSThe authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records, including neuroimaging studies, operative reports, and follow-up clinic notes, of all patients who were treated at the National Brain Aneurysm Center between July 1997 and June 2015 using cerebral revascularization as part of the management of an IA. They recorded the location, rupture status, and size of each IA, as well as neurological outcome using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), aneurysm and bypass status at follow-up, and morbidity and mortality.RESULTSThe authors identified 126 patients who underwent revascularization surgery for 126 complex, atheromatous, calcified, or previously coiled aneurysms. Ninety-seven lesions (77.0%) were unruptured, and 99 (78.6%) were located in the anterior circulation. Aneurysm size was giant (≥ 25 mm) in 101 patients, large (10-24 mm) in 9, and small (≤ 9 mm) in 16 patients. Eighty-four low-flow bypasses were performed in 83 patients (65.9%). High-flow bypass was performed in 32 patients (25.4%). Eleven patients (8.7%) underwent in situ or intracranial-intracranial bypasses. Major morbidity (mRS score 4 or 5) occurred in 2 (2.4%) low-flow cases and 3 (9.1%) high-flow cases. Mortality occurred in 2 (2.4%) low-flow cases and 2 (6.1%) high-flow cases. At the 12-month follow-up, 83 (98.8%) low-flow and 30 (93.8%) high-flow bypasses were patent. Seventy-five patients (90.4%) undergoing low-flow and 28 (84.8%) high-flow bypasses had an mRS score ≤ 2. There were no statistically significant differences in patency rates or complications between low- and high-flow bypasses.CONCLUSIONSWhen treating challenging and complex IAs, incorporating revascularization strategies into the surgical repertoire may contribute to achieving favorable outcomes. In our series, low-flow bypass combined with isolated proximal or distal parent artery occlusion was associated with a low rate of ischemic complications while providing good long-term aneurysm control, potentially supporting its wider utilization in this setting. The authors suggest that consideration should be given to managing complex IAs at high-volume centers that offer a multidisciplinary team approach and the full spectrum of surgical and endovascular treatment options to optimize patient outcomes.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The cervical carotid segment is used routinely as donor site for high-flow bypass procedures. The horizontal petrous segment would offer a shorter graft distance, complete graft protection intracranially, and avoid the need for surgical neck exposure. In a morphometric cadaveric study, we aimed to investigate variations of the petrous carotid anatomy, especially the incidence of bony dehiscence of the roof of the horizontal petrous carotid segment canal, which may facilitate exposure of the vessel and thereby potentially lower the morbidity of high-flow bypass procedures. METHODS: A subtemporal approach was used to expose the horizontal petrous internal carotid artery (ICA) on each side of 4 alcohol-embedded, silicone-injected human cadaver heads to perform a morphometric analysis of the vessel segment and surrounding bony anatomy. RESULTS: The following measurements were obtained of the horizontal petrous ICA (millimeters): long axis mean 9.6 (standard deviation [SD] 4.4, MIN 4.2, MAX 19.5), diameter mean 4.9 (SD 0.6, MIN 4, MAX 5.7), thickness of canal roof mean 2.1 (SD 1.7, MIN 0, MAX 5), and distance from temporal squama mean 22.5 (SD 6, MIN 17, MAX 35). Dehiscence of the bony roof of the horizontal petrous carotid canal was found in 25% of specimen investigated. CONCLUSIONS: A dehiscent bony roof of the horizontal petrous carotid canal potentially facilitates exposure of the vessel for high-flow bypass procedures and was observed in 25% of specimens. This feature could be identified on preoperative high-resolution imaging and thus aid in patient selection.
Asunto(s)
Arteria Carótida Interna/anatomía & histología , Arteria Carótida Interna/cirugía , Hueso Petroso/anatomía & histología , Hueso Petroso/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Vasculares/métodos , Cadáver , Arteria Carótida Interna/patología , Humanos , Hueso Petroso/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To report long-term results after Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) implantation, characterize complex and standard aneurysms comprehensively, and introduce a modified flow disruption scale. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 40 patients harboring 59 aneurysms treated with 54 PEDs. Aneurysm complexity was assessed using our proposed classification. Immediate angiographic results were analyzed using previously published grading scales and our novel flow disruption scale. RESULTS: According to our new definition, 46 (78%) aneurysms were classified as complex. Most PED interventions were performed in the paraophthalmic and cavernous internal carotid artery segments. Excellent neurologic outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0 and 1) was observed in 94% of patients. Our data showed low permanent procedure-related mortality (0%) and morbidity (3%) rates. Long-term angiographic follow-up showed complete occlusion in 81% and near-total obliteration in a further 14%. Complete obliteration after deployment of a single PED was achieved in all standard aneurysms with 1-year follow-up. Our new scale was an independent predictor of aneurysm occlusion in a multivariable analysis. All aneurysms with a high flow disruption grade showed complete occlusion at follow-up regardless of PED number or aneurysm complexity. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with the PED should be recognized as a primary management strategy for a highly selected cohort with predominantly complex intracranial aneurysms. We further show that a priori assessment of aneurysm complexity and our new postinterventional angiographic flow disruption scale predict occlusion probability and may help to determine the adequate number of per-aneurysm devices.