RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Researchers focused on developing therapeutic strategies for perfectionism given its well-established link to the onset and maintenance of several mental disorders. Meta-analytical findings provided support for the efficacy of cognitive behavioural (CB) approaches. However, most studies have focused on the efficacy of interventions, without analysing their efficiency. AIMS: To explore the feasibility of a brief (five weekly sessions) CB group intervention focused on reducing perfectionistic concerns in Argentine students. We also aimed to identify participants who benefited from the intervention and to explore their differences with non-respondents. A third aim was to explore the potential merits of the intervention in a different cultural context as this is the first attempt to adapt an English-spoken protocol to the Spanish language. METHOD: A quasi-experimental design with two time points was used. Twenty-four out of 84 participants (mean age = 27.75 years, SD = 8.3) were classified as maladaptive perfectionists. RESULTS: Paired t-tests and reliable change index comparisons revealed that most students (75%) statistically and clinically reduced their levels of perfectionistic concerns as well as their perfectionistic strivings. General distress, operationalized as anxious and depressive symptoms, was also decreased. Students who completed and responded to the intervention were more dysfunctional in academic and psychological measures at baseline than non-completers and non-improvers. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the feasibility, preliminary efficacy and efficiency of this five weekly session intervention when applied to a sample of Argentine university students.
Asunto(s)
Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , Perfeccionismo , Estudiantes/psicología , Adulto , Ansiedad/psicología , Argentina , Cultura , Depresión/psicología , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Lenguaje , Masculino , Proyectos Piloto , UniversidadesRESUMEN
Este artigo visa descrever a intervenção com uma criança de 7 anos de idade com problemas alimentares: Pedro recusava-se a comer alimentos sólidos desde bebê. A intervenção baseou-se nos princípios cognitivo-comportamentais, incluindo treino parental e exposição gradual aos alimentos evitados, seguida de reforço positivo. Contudo, na fase final, seguiu-se uma orientação narrativa, no sentido de promover a consolidação da mudança, por meio da elaboração de resultados únicos e validação social da mudança. O comportamento alimentar de Pedro melhorou ao longo das 13 sessões. Vale destacar que os ganhos se mantiveram até a última consulta de follow-up que aconteceu 6 meses depois da finalização.
This case study aims to describe an intervention with a 7-years-old child with feeding problems: Pedro refused to eat any solid food since he was a baby. The intervention was based on cognitive-behavioural principles and included parental training and exposure to the avoided aliments followed by positive reinforcement. In the final stage, however, the intervention was inspired by the narrative therapy, in order to consolidate the change. This phase included elaboration of unique outcomes and social validation of the change. The child's feeding behaviour considerably improved throughout the 13 sessions. The positive changes have been maintained until the last follow-up session, 6 months after de finalization.